🚀 go-pugleaf

1)
If I understand you correctly, you simply want to place keyframes at the CTI. I don't understand why your keyframe indicator ◄●► would be greyed out - it shouldn't be if keyframes have been activated by clicking on the parameter's stopwatch.

Personally, I often just cut and paste equivalent keyframes. Eg: you set your first KF at 5.00.00, move the CTI to 15.00.00, and then click on the first KF and copy and paste. The previous keyframe should actually still be selected if you haven't clicked anywhere else, meaning you can usually skip the "click on first KF" step.

2)
The Alt-Shift combo requires an additional key to function, the same as the key shortcuts which toggle transform property display:
A=Anchor Point, P=Position, S=Scale, R=Rotation, T=Opacity

So, Alt-Shift-P will set a Position keyframe, Alt-Shift-S will set a Scale keyframe, etc.