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WAR OF SUCCESSION


A Chronology of the genocide and repression from France and Spain against
Catalonia.


2-4-1700: France forbids the Catalan language: Totalitarian edict by "the
Sun-king" according to which only the French language has legal effects.The
Catalan peasant population remains legally unprotected because they do not
know the imperial language.


20-10-1700. The king of Castile and Aragon- Catalonia, Carlos II, drafts his
last will in favor of the Duke of Anjou, in whole contradiction with the
Pyrenees' Treaty (1659), between Madrid andf Paris, which one explicitly
excluded any right from the French Royal Dinasty on any Hispanic crowns
through weddings: the Duke is Carlos II's nephew.


1700-1713:"The Academy of the Distrusted ones" works, founded as a literary
institution, made up by writers who will stand out in their antibourbonism;
as P.L.Dalmases, the Boixadors, the Pin�s, the Rocabert�, etc...


1-11-1700: Carlos II dies without direct offspring, he is the last Hispanic
Habsburg. N. Feliu de la Penya writes: "Carlos II...chose the Duke of
Anjou...with Catalonians� amazement...it was occasion for suspicion on some
deceit" ("Anales"). As when the Barcelona Dinasty finished without direct
offspring, and the Castilian Dinasty of the Trastamara got the Catalan crown
(1412) against signed treaties; so now a French anticatalan Dinasty gets
Hispanic crowns against signed treaties.


8-11-1700: News about his death arrive to Paris. The "Sun-King" is hunting
"with his ladies". Only on realizing it he calls the Duke of Anjou (in the
future "Felipe V"), his son, and grandson of Felipe IV (Calos II's father
and an enemy against Catalonians during the Reapers' War). The Duke,
therefore carries on the title of the great medieval enemies of Catalonia
(The Anjou), is "a man without intelligence, of a very unbalanced mood,
sluggish...completely insensitive about the misery and pain of fellow human
beings, wicked, he would have been cuel if he would not have been sluggish",
"engrossed in his fat and his darkness" (St. Simon). Thus, he is a lazy
psychopath who will never do enough even to speak properly Castilian
language. He is great-great-grandfaher of the great-great-grandfather of
Juan Carlos I, the present Spanish king.


11-11-1700: Manuel Oms de Santa Pau, ambassador from Madrid in Paris and
Marquis of Castelldosrius, says to the Duke, in Castilian:"...the Pyrenees
are sank". The Duke understand nothing despite the fact his mother is a
Castilian Queen.


16-11-1700: Louis XIV the tyrann apoints to his son King of the Spains.


1700-1717: Decrees from the French absolute Monarchy to impose the French as
the only official language of Courts and notaries in Northern Catalonia
(under military French occupation since the Reapers� war half a century
before).


18-2-1701: The Duke enters Madrid, where he is proclaimed king of Castile as
Felipe V.


1701: French traders control the Valencian trade business (Valencian Kingdom
is Southern Catalonia). The lower-class people accuse them of getting rich
at their expense. The anti-French feeling spread amongst the Valencian lower
clergy.


9.1701: Great alliance at The Hague: England, Holland and the Empire
(Austria); they propose the Archduke Karl as pretender to King of the
Spains, since they fear the union of France and the Spanish Empire which
would unbalance the distribution of the European power.


2.10.1701: The Duke of Anjou meets Catalan Parliament and swears its laws
and freedoms.


10.1701: The Duke is appointed king of Catalonians: "Felip IV" in Catalonia
("Felipe V" in Castile).


At the end of 1701: France invades Holland.


3.1702: The Allied declare war to France and to Felip V.


1703: Leopold the Emperor proclaims the Archduke Karl as king of the Spains
in Vienna. Prussia, Savoia and Portugal join to the Allied.


1703-1704: Felipe V favour the French monopoly in the commerce in his
kingdoms.


Spring.1704: In Vienna first contacts between the British representative
Mitford Crowe and Antoni de Peguera i Aimerich (lord of Foix and Torrelles
and a member of the Distrusters' Academy) and the lawyer Dom�nec Perera,
Catalan representatives.


5.1704: Before Barcelona 1600 allied marines land. "Vigatans" (a small
anti-Bourbon nobility from Vic, in Central Catalonia) had to open the doors
for them, but the conspiracy is uncoverd and they have to flee through
Gibraltar. The allied Army is under command of the prince Hessen-Darmstadt,
last place General lieutinant in Catalonia under Carlos II, very popular
among the Catalonians. Bourbon repression, imprisonments.


1704: In Portugal the Archduke lands, the war mobilization starts in the
peninsula. Decisive battle in Blenheim: Therefore the allied throw out the
French Armies from Germany. Beginning of the decadence of Louis XIV's
enormous power.


4.8.1704: The Valencian Gen. Basset and Catalan volunteers make easy the
allied occupation of Gibraltar, lead by the Adm. Rooke. In Gibraltar there
yet a "Catalan Bay". Expulsion of the indigenous population to the Algesiras
Bay.


17.5.1705: The military Moragues and other "Vigatans" and important persons
grant powers to the Ll.D.Dom�nec Perera to do Catalonia to enter the
anti-Bourbon alliance.


5.1705: The anti-Bourbon uprising starts in the plane of Vic.


2.6.1705: Geneve Pact: An Alliance's treaty between the plenipotentiaries A.
De Peguera and Dr. Perera (Catalonia) and Mr. Mitford Crowe (England).
London promises 8000 soldiers, 2000 cavalry, ammunition and total support to
the Catalan liberties. Catalonia promises the support of its Parliament�s
members and of the "Council of Hundred", and 6000 men.


20.7.1705: The allied fleet arrives at Barcelona. Propaganda at the
Archduke�s favor.


21.7.1705: Vigatans openly march to Barcelona, on his way gather supporters.


4.8.1705: Catalan victory, with only 250 men against the 1000 foot-soldiers
and 100 riders of the Bourbon viceroy.


10.8.1705: The Anglo-Dutch fleet lands at Altea (Valencian Kingdom or
Southern Catalonia). With them, Basset and Francesc Garcia land: the first,
coming from other wars, the second, exiled from a former agrarian revolt.


16.8.1705: Allied enter Alzira, nearby Valencia.


17.8.1705: Basset lands at D�nia, where the Archduke is announced as the new
Valencian King.


Since 8.1705: The Valencian peasantry, after being oppressed by the
lordshops' abusive taxes, support the Austracists, who promise them
improvement. They take the name of "Maulets" (a diminutive of "Mawla", slave
in Arabic), a name taken already by the rebelled preasantry in the Valencian
Kingdom some years ago. Basset will be the brave radical military of these
disinherited.


24.8.1705: Moragues and 800 men turn up before Barcelona.


At the end 8.1705: Allied landing on Barcelona.


14.9.1705: Allied attack on Montju�c.


15.9.1705: Second allied bombardment on Barcelona.


9.10.1705: Barcelona surrenders to Charles Mondaunt, count of Petersborough.


12.10.1705: Girona surrenders. Bourbon troops retreat to France.


7.11.1705: The Archduke formally enters Barcelona: he takes an oath to the
Catalan liberties.


11.1705: Representatives from every Catalan countries, from the Catalan
Aragon (even Monzon/Monts�) and from the Valencian North come to pay homage
to the Archduke. Austracist conspirancy in Northern Catalonia (under French
occupation).


11 to 12.1705: Almost all the Central Catalonia goes over to the Allied.
British occasionally help to conquer some strong place as Tarragona.


15.12.1705: Basset with 500 countrymen and 300 riders arrives to Valencia.
Bourbon followers ("botiflers" in Catalan, from "Beautiful+flowers") lack
means to make a defense. Prisoners' riot.


16.12.1705: The lower people gets out the street in Valencia to shout at the
privileged ones and in favor of the Archduke, some prominent men imprison
the Bourbon Viceroy and open the town doors to Basset. At St. Mateu
(Valencian North) the British General Jone arrives.


18.12.1705: Surrender of St. Mateu. The allied siege to Pen�scola
(Val.North) begins.


12.1705: Exile of Valencian "botiflers". "Maulets" and Allied control most
in the Valencian Kingdom, and Basset assumes the government.


12.1705 to 3.1706: The Catalan Parliament request to the Archduke (Charles
III) to recover Northern Catalonia, under French occupation, and the access
to the American trade, absolutely monopolized by Castilians.


12.1.1706: The Castilian army of the Count de las Torres has failed at St.
Mateu and comes down through the South. They attack Vila-real, a Maulet
villa near by Castell�: they sack the town and its churches, slit the throat
of civilians and set the villa on fire. 272 inhabitants die (among them 7
priests and 7 womwn) and take with them more than 200 prisoners. But more
than 500 Castilian soldiers die too there, because of the brave civilian
defence.


2.1706: The British Gen. Petersborough arrives at Valencia and replaces
Basset, judged too much radical. The new viceroy demands feudal taxes again.


3.1706: Bourbon troops attack Central Catalonia.


4.1706: Defence of Barcelona, 50 Allied warships end up putting on retreat
to the French fleet.


2.7.1706: Charles III enters triumphantly at Madrid, with Catalan soldiers
("miquelets"), for great repulsion from the ancient anti-Catalanism of the
capital city in the Empire.


10.7.1706: Charles III has to retreat from Madrid to Aragon. Basset is
accused of abuses when defending X�tiva from the Bourbon troops and he is
imprisoned by Petersborough.


7.1706: Charles III is at Zaragoza, Felipe V come back to Madrid. Valencian
popular indignation for Basset's imprisonment.


29.9.1706: The Anglo-Duch squadron shows up at Majorca Bay.


Ends.9.1706: Anti-Bourbon popular pressure in Majorca.


10.1706: Charles III confiscates the Valencian botiflers' properties.
Expulsion of French citizens and exile of nobility from Majorca. Cartagena
(in the ancient Murcia Kingdom,under Castilian occupation), where Catalan
was still spoken, is occupied by Botiflers. Lu�s Belluga, the Bishop in
Cartagena is a pro-Bourbon fanatic.


11.10.1706: Belluga's Castilians occupy Oriola (Southern Valencian Kingdom),
where they will persecute the Catalan language: now, noone speaks Catalan
there).


21.10.1706: The offensive against the Valencian South continues: the Duke of
Berwick takes up and sacks Elx.


10.1706: Menorca and Eivissa go over to the Allied. "Maulet" uprising at the
Plana (Castell� countryside).


4.1707: Anglo-Dutch-Portuguese counter offensive against the Castilian
border near the Valencian South.


25.4.1707: Decisive battle at Almansa (La Mancha, near to Valencian
Kingdom). 25000 Allied against 25000 French-Castilians. Allied retreat with
500 dead and 12000 prisoners. This serious defeat leaves Val�ncia almost
defenseless before Bourbons. Today still exists a Valencian popular saying
that goes: "When the evil comes from Almansa reaches everybody".


5.1707:French-Spanish troops march towards Val�ncia, so Basset is finally
released from the prison of Lleida (West-central Catalonia) to organize the
Valencian resistance.


8.5.1707: The Duke of Berwick arrives at Val�ncia. The city is declared
open. In addition, surrender of Zaragoza.


12.5.1707: Berwick arrives at Castell� de la Plana, where he charges an
exagerated tax of war and brings down the city walls.


6.6.1707: Surrender of X�tiva (near to Val�ncia), after a long siege.


19.6.1707: The lieutenant Genaral d' Asfeld commands to set fire and to
destroy X�tiva, the big Middle Age city. This genocide will be
psychologically deeply significant. Expulsion of more than 18000 citizens
from X�tiva and change of name, its former Roman name pass to be replaced by
"San Felipe", in honor to the tyrann (until 1811). At X�tiva, today still
exists an official paint of Felipe V up side down.


29.6.1707: Felipe V signs the "Nueva Planta" decree against Val�ncia and
Aragon Kingdoms that he considers "conquered" and declares their ancient
parlamentary laws abolished "...because the just right of conquer over them
my weapons hacve made lately". Nevertheless, Maulets still control the
Valencian North and the Alcoi-Alacant-D�nia triangle in the Valencian South.


1707: Very often the high Clergy in Catalonia are Castilians, Botiflers and
ultra-popist. Also Jesuits are so. But the lower clergy is strongly
austracist. And they often take part as contacts between conspiracies,
prisoners and Allied, besides of inducing the people to the Archduke favor.
Naples-Sicily goes over to the Archduke, Menorca to the Bourbon. End of the
independence of Scotland by the "Covenant", a treaty of voluntary union with
England.


30.9.1707: Felipe V donates Ll�ria, X�rica, Barracas, etc., free villas, to
the Duke of Berwick.


14.10.1707: Lleida surrenders to the invaders.


11.1707: Fall of T�rrega, Cervera and El Pla d' Urgell (West-central
Catalonia).


9.1.1708: Fall of Alcoi, after a severe siege: executions, reprisals and
abolition of laws and the local festivities to St. George, patron saint of
Catalonia.


1708: A very unstable military situation at the Valencian North. D' Asfeld,
the arsonist of X�tiva, controls the Audience of Val�ncia, instrument of the
foreign military occupation.


11.7.1708: Bourbon troops occupy Tortosa (South-central Catalonia).


7.1708: The Allied take over the island of Sardinia.


17.9.1708: The Anglo-Dutch Squadron of Adm. Leake commanded by Gen. Stanhope
easily recovers the island of Menorca (East Catalonia).


17.11.1708: Spaniards occupy D�nia.


Beginning.12.1708: Alacant (Alicante in Spanish), occupied by the British
that blow up part of the defences in the castle, is sieged by D'Asfeld.


7.12.1708: Spaniards occupy Alacant. Along the Valencian Kingdom remains
only guerillas.


1709: The famine spreads along the Valencian Kingdom because of the war
taxes. Valencian botiflers are unhappy against the new Castilian laws and
send representatives in order to recover their ancient laws, these ones are
too imprisoned. Narc�s Feliu de la Penya publishes "Anales", story on the
war, seized by the Bourbon censorship. War at the Cerdanya (Pyrenees).
Allied victories (Malplaquet...): Louis XIV is left so weakened that
abandons his son and almost surrenders.


1.7.1709: Salvador Feliu (Narc�s' brother) and other tradesmen, one of them
resident in Gibraltar, found in Barcelona the new company of Gibraltar to
replace the Cadiz monopoly in the American trade.


1710: Second demand of return of the Valencian own laws, boycotted by a
Court controled by Castilians.


5.7.1710: Failed insurrectional attempt in Val�ncia-city, at turning up 4
British warships that cannot land due to lack of popular support.


7.1710: Battle of Almenara (North near to Val�ncia), where Felipe V is about
to die.


27.7.1710: Catalan victory in Almenar (near Lleida).


8.9.1710: New Maulet uprising at the Valencian North.


28.9.1710: Charles III takes over Madrid once again.


23.10.1710: The Bourbon Col. Ib��ez shoots 41 "miquelets" (austracist
Catalan soldiers) imprisoned in Altura (North-west Valencian Kingdom).


29.10.1710: Austracists bombard Morella ( Valencian North).


9.11.1710: Charles III abandons again Madrid.


15.11.1710: 60 Austracists dead in the attack against Morella.


11.1710: Felipe V is enthusiastically welcome in Madrid.


9.12.1710: The Duke of Vend�me defeats the British in Brihuega (Castile).


10.12.1710: The Duke of Noailles defeats the Austrians in Villaviciosa (near
Madrid).


15.12.1710: While Morella surrenders, the Duke of Noailles lay siege to
Girona (near Pyrenees) and Charles III comes back to Barcelona.


25.1.1711: Girona surrenders.


3.2.1711: Morella falls in Bourbon hands.


1711: Josef I of Austria (Brother of Karl/Charles III) dies. Charles III is
appointed as his successor (Karl VI). The Allied disaprove the accumulatioon
of crowns and in addition everyone is tired. From now on the international
diplomacy will be decided.


27.9.1711: Karl VI/Charles III abandons Catalonia, where he leaves his wife.


2.1712: A peace Conference between France and Holland-England starts in
Utrecht (Holland).


1712: New negotiations through the Duke of Vend�me: Valencian Botiflers want
to recover the ancient Valencian laws.


7.1712: Felipe V formally resigns to the French Crown.


8.1712: Agreement on the hostilities suspension.


12.1712: Tories, who are running England, are afraid of a union between the
German and the Hispanic Empires and abandon the Alliance. Afterwards, also
abandon Portugal and Holland.


1712-1736: Sir Richard Kane, first British governor in Menorca, builds up
the main road, dry up swamps, imports cattle.


19.3.1713: The Empress, foreign diplomats and many families of noble
Austracists boards from Barcelona to Italy and Vienna. 20.3.1713:
Starhemberg pledges allegiance to the post of lieutenant General of the
place, in the Empress' substitution.


11.5.1713: The Utrecht Treaty remains signed.


22.6.1713: Secret agreement in L'Hospitalet, signed at the Catalonians'
backs to hand over Catalonia to the Bourbon.


24.6.1713: Starhemberg the First General declares the Gen. Moragues to be
out of loyalty to Charles of Austria.


25.6.1713: Starhemberg reveals the secret agreement to the Barcelona
Council.


26.6.1713: Moragues and the officers read the Starhemberg's letter.


1.7.1713: Austrians abandon Catalonia at its misfortune.


6.7.1713: The 3 Arms' Committee decides to resist to death.


9.7.1713: Catalan call to resist just before Starhemberg boarding: "Let the
nation perish with glory!".


12.7.1713: Declaration f the Valencian Maulets in support at the Barcelona
defence.


13.7.1713: Conclusion of the Utrecht Treaty, powers make a partition of the
Catalan Confederation's medieval possessions: England keeps Menorca, Savoia
will have got Sicily, Austria expropiates Sardinia -where rivers of Catalan
blood flowed in the XIV-XV centuries- and Naples. The metropolis will stay
under a more totalitarian boot: the Louis XIV's lineage. The "Catalan tunic"
shared out before the crucifixion.


25.7.1713: The French-Spaniards begin the siege against Barcelona.


1713: The Maulet guerillas still fight through la Marina and el Maestrat
(Valencian countrysides) against the invader. The "General Superintendency"
is created for the militar occupation of Central Catalonia.


10.1713: Felipe V throws out the Montserrat Monastery its abbot.


1.1714: First tax of occupation in Central Catalonia (not voted by the
Catalan Parliament) provokes an uprising against the Bourbon occupants.


3.1714: Radstadt Peace: The Emperor "Karl VI" receives the ex Catalan Italy.


6.1714: The Utrecht Peace conclusion: Felipe V signs peace with Holland,
Portugal still not join it.


1714: Widower of his previous wife, Felipe V marries Isabel of Farnese, an
ambitious and dominant fat woman who will control the government to war for
Kingdoms to her sons. Spaniards set fire to Manresa , St. Paul...(nearby
Barcelona). Royal order (new piant is decree): "My wish of reducing every of
my hispanic kingdoms to the uniformity...according to the Castilian laws",
lordly, centralist and absolutist laws. Exile of 5000 Catalan Austracist to
Austria. The General Council of Eivissa (Ibiza in Spanish) confirms its
freedom will.


6.7.1714: Berwick arrives to Barcelona with great reinforcements: 35000
troops, 5000 Cavalery. Towards 1485 troops, 380 Cavalry and 5000 of "La
Coronela" (the united militias commanded by Villarroel) from Barcelona. The
French-Spaniards overcome 10 times the Catalonians. According to Voltaire,
up to 500 Catalan ecclesiastical men fought in arms to face the invasion.


Beginning.9.1714: Villarroel's last harangue for the freedom of all Hispanic
Kingdoms and the Catalan liberties towards France (economic competitor) and
Castile (politic competitor) and for the stolen lands.


11.9.1714: At 5 a.m. the attack starts through 7 breaches caused to the city
wall by the Bourbon Artillery. 20000 French-Castilians begin the attack. The
Council Chief, Rafael de Casanova, falls wounded between the sheets of the
Sta. Eul�lia's flag, the paleochristian martyr from Barcelona (patron saint
after forbiden by Felipe V and replaced by a "Virgin of the Mercy"). The
combat is street to street and Berwick is forced to call for more troops
from the reserve. At first hour in the afternoon, the heroic Catalonia's
capital has to surrender without reprisals, which will not be fulfilled. The
resistence of Barcelona had last 13 months and cause the admiration in the
European public opinion, which compare it to the one of Saguntum and
Numantia. Even a British officer funds a "Barcelona" in Britain, in memory
of the Catalan heroism. Barcelona has about 7000 houses. 6000 people die
during the final siege, 4000 at the attack Day: die almost the most of
defenders and part of the civil population.


18.9.1714: Occupation of other villas in Central Catalonia, no guaranty is
fulfilled to by the invaders.


3.10.1714: Disarmament Order for the Catalan civil population: Kitchen
knives have to remain in chains, the country houses without wooden windows,
etc.


10.11.1714: Death Penalty Edict on anyone who try to leave from Catralonia
without passport, but thousands continue fleeing the country.


End 1714: "Considerations about the case of the Catalans" and "The
deplorable History of the Catalans", two books in favor of Catalonia
published in London, the last one printed by J. Baker and sold at the price
of a shilling.


Before 1715: Maulet guerillas will last for several years but they will
progressively become bandits because of total Bourbon repression.


10.1.1715: A graffity: "Entire Catalonia is a prison".


At the beginning 1715: Several chroniclers talk about general misery in
Central and Southern Catalonia.


2.1715: Portugal has to join Utrecht without any profit: it remains at
English hands to be defended from Castile/Spain.


2 to 4.1715: Critical point of the Bourbon repression against Catalan
militaries: within 3 months, over 3800 ones are imprisoned or deported.


20.3.1715: When Moragues and other patriots were trying to board to Majorca
are betrayed and fall in the Spanish clutches.


27.3.1715: After brutal tortures, barefoot and wearning penitents' shirt,
Macip, Roca and Moragues are executed by garotte and teared appart. Moragues
is about 40 years old, his head is put in a cage on an entrance door in
Barcelona, with an "instructer" poster for the Catalonians' lesson. In other
towns also are left heads or hands in cages and gallows.


1.6.1715: Felipe V orders to knock down the Barcelona fishermen
neighbourhood called "La Ribera" to build up a Citadel: "For higher security
and cautiousness against that town...putting...Artillery that dominates the
city and keeps the people in subjection...".


13.6.1715: Spaniards forbid the Catechism in Catalan. "That great pride is
depressed and already the preceptors of H.M. are respected...by the superior
force of weapons" (Council of Castile, speaking about Catalonians, in the
plenary session).


3.7.1715: After a month of resistance, Majorca falls in the clutches of
Castile.


7.1715: Eivissa also falls.


1715: In many Catalan towns or villas there are no Botiflers
(collaborationists) to form the City Councils, the population in mass is
against the Spanish military occupation (Report from the Royal Committee).
The Vicar General at Barcelona, appointed by the invaders, calls to "obey,
serve and venerate our king of Spain". Famished occupation troops settle in
different villas. Madrid does not even pay to members ofd the powerful
Council of Castile. Therefore they require and eat at Catalonians' expenses.
Confiscation of property to any Austracist charge from 1713 to 1715. Law to
reward the delation of anti-Bourbons: they will receive part of the
confiscation if they denounce to any peasant who has given e.x. hurrahs to
Charles III or shouted "Visca la Terra!" ("Up with the land!", typical shout
among the anti-feudal peasantry). The big tyrann Louis XIV, the "King-Sun",
dies.


3.8.1715: (In Catalonia) "Houses full of soldiers. The rigor of the weapons
is such that so a man (=Catalonians) is met in possession of a weapon, he is
put to death"(Francesc Gelat).


1715-1720: Famine in Central Catalonia.


1715-1728: Escalation of Spanish taxes against the Valencians.


1.12.1715: "Everything must be formed in Castilian language..." (Fiscal's
report, from the Council of Castile).


7.12.1715: Own government organs of Majorca and Eivissa are abolished by
Madrid.


9.12.1715: Royal Decree for the new tributary system. At the beginning the
Royal Land Registry will be very abusive.


22.1.1716: Sequestration of the historic book written by Narc�s Feliu,
considered "contrary to the State" by the Royal Committee.


29.1.1716: J. Rodr�guez Villalpando, the Fiscal, signs the "Secret
Instructions" against the Catalan language in order to wipe it out.


5.5.1716: The Abbot of Vivanco writes the definitive version of these
"Secret Instructions".


1716: Courts in Barcelona and Majorca are created as instruments of the
military administration of the Castilian occupation. The building of the
Citadel of occupation is started: neighbours, widows and children have to
demolish the houses of a neighbourhood of 4000 inhabitants, with their own
hands. This Citadel is, nowdays, the actual seat of the Catalan autonomous
Parliament. Felipe V sends many Catalonians in an antiturkish expedition to
Corfu.


15.10.1716: Land Registry to pay the Castilian Army of occupation: Catalonia
starts to subside its own executioners.


20.2.1717: "(Put) the greatest care in introducing the Castilian language,
in order to reach it the most composed pretencing measures will be given to
get the effect without noticing the care" ("Dictated Instructions to the
Correctors in Catalonia"). The Correctors ("Corregidores") act as political
Commissioners to force the Spaniardization.


11.5.1717: "The tenacious Resistence of the Catalonians against the due
subjection to my legitimate domain that theis perfidy did not
admit...obliged my Providence to order Universities must be
closed..."(Felipe V's Decree, where this Antichrist names himself
"Providence"). Catalan Universities remain abolished because they had been
important centres of national resistance and culture. The botifler villa of
Cervera (near Lleida) is rewarded with the creation of a University,
"inclined to the Regime". Very mediocre, it lacks even a library. Botifler
professors flatter the Bourbon tyrann with the name of "Solon of Catalonia"
because of the New Plant Decree.


7.1717: Catalonians' Mobilization to conquer Sardinia. Catalonians fight in
both sides. Austria loses the island.


1717: Growing madness and melancholy of Felipe V. The Bishop of Tortosa
orders the only use of the Castilian on agreements and minutes.


9.10.1717: Definitive abolition of the Lleida, Barcelona, Girona, Tarragona
and Vic Universities. Bourbon authorities consider there is a surplus in
students and that the plebs have not to access to the education.


16.3.1718: Order to melt the "Honorata Bell", which was used to call
Barcelona citizens to fight against the invaders.


1718:El Carrasclet's Anti-Spanish guerillas . Alberoni, the Queen's right
hand, sends other army to occupy Sicily: she wishes some kingdom for her
sons. Several deaths. Exiled Catalonians fight against the Turkish in the
Balkans. Turkey hand over areas of Rumania and Serbia to Austria.


8.1718: Quadruple anti-Spanish Alliance: England, Austria, France and Savoia
damn the Spanish Queen's ambitions. France invades the Basque and Catalan
borders.


1718-1721: Civil Catalan War: Taking advantage of the invasion, Catalan
patriots loot and set fire to possessions of those who collaborate with the
Castilian occupation.


5.1719: French troops occupy all the Catalan Pyrenees, falsely promise to
the Catalonians their liberties will be given back and so get 19 volunteers'
battalions.


6.1719: Massive uprising of "Carrasclets" through Tarragona and the
Mountains. Guerilla revival.


1719-1720: The Spanish Cavalry burst in Catalan homes that export liquor,
and are destroyed, for having traded with Britain and Holland.


1720-1790: Several grammars and apologies about the Catalan language appear.


1721: The Duke of St. Simon visits Spain and difficultyly recognizes Felipe
V: "His words were so dragged, his air so stupid than I was frightened" (St.
Simon's Memories). "Escuadras de Valls" are created: an embryo of the "Mozos
de Escuadra" for the Botifler repression against the Anti-Spanish guerilla.


13.7.1722: Felipe V stays almost a year without changing his clothes, he
wears unstitched trousers from the waist down, showing his buttocks
("Feuilles d' Histoire", Arthur Chuquet).


1722: The misery and epidemies spread, while foreign troops eat and sleep at
Catalan homes.


1723: The Baron of Huart, "Corregidor" in Girona, orders every municipal
document to be written in Castilian.


17.1.1724: Felipe V abdicates on his son Lu�s I, who "had the lights of a
child, the curiosity of a teenager and the passions of a man" (St. Simon).
He only reigns a few months. Uprising in Majorca against the military
conscription ("quintes"), but it degenerates in anti-Semitic lootings.


1724-1733: When a Catalan town delays in paying the abusive taxes (like
Valls) it's forced to pay in kind sending Castilian troops to live in their
homes.


30.4.1725: Peace Treaty in Vienna between Felipe V and Karl VI. Two Bourbon
sons marry two Austrian Archduchesses and many Austracist patriarchs recover
part of their goods. But peasants remain without any benefit.


1726: Confiscations and treats continue against towns in misery that are
unable to pay the land Registry. Disorders: all young men flees from Reus to
avoid enlisting at the Spanish Army.


1726-1733: Thousands of Catalan patriots and fugitives are sentenced to 4 or
5 years to galleys and their leaders are executed. Doubtful cases are forced
to serve in the Spanish Army.


1728-1729: The patriots Janet de Pira, R. Guardiola and Negre de Montorn�s
are arrested, executed, teared into pieces and these pieces distributed into
cages at the main doors of Barcelona and in other Catalan towns.


1731: Umpteenth Valencian attempt to recover its own Jurisdictions from part
of the Botiflers.


1734: New petition from the Val�ncia Municipal Council. Catalan message to
England: reminding the unfulfilled compromises with Catalonia.


12.1734: Clandestine publication of the booklet "Via Fora els adormits", a
defense call to the lost freedom and territories.


1734-1739: Some clergy-men are accused of anti-Spanish conspiracy and are
secretly expelled from the country. Andreu Garcia and other ex-friars of
Santes Creus still try to stir up the opressed peasantry against the
degenerate Spanish Regime, in behalf of Karl VI (who is in war in Italy).


1734-1741: Formation of Catalan battalions against the Bavarian and
Hungarian insurrections.


1736: The writing "Record de l'Alian�a fet al Seren�ssim Jordi Augusto, Rey
de la Gran Bretanya" (Rememberance about the Alliance, did to the Very
Calmed George August, King of Britain), dated "in the 22th year of our
slavery", circulates. It invokes the teatry of Geneve unfulfilled by
England. Felipe V's physicians give a report of him: "frenzy, melancholy,
morbid pleasure, mania, and hypochondriac melancholy" ("Manifestation of 100
secrets from Dr. Juan Curvo Semmedo...").


1740: Surely, within the British Army which fights against the Highland
Scottish patriots there are Catalan refugees. 1740-1748: Austrian Succession
War, where enough Catalonians fight.


1741: The great guerilla leader Carrasclet commands the exiled Catalonians'
battalion in Vienna against the Bavarians. He dies in Hungary fighting at
the front of the Catalan Battalion.


1742: The Valencian Academy, a Scientist Gregori Maians' ambitious project
(he is from an Austracist family) is torpedoed by circles from Madrid. The
Council of Castile would order the sequestration of two of his books.


1746: The genocide Felipe V dies.


1746-1759: His successor is his son Fernando VI, 34 years old. He is a
psychic depressive and will die young.

CATALONIA TOWARDS OF INDEPENDENCE

http://www.unitat.org/war.htm