🚀 go-pugleaf

< 
I knew the headline would lure you here. Now stay awhile and
learn how the scientific establishment has been giving you
a royal screwing for decades.
<
There just ain't no physical evidence backing up the evolution
of man -- or any other living creature, for that matter. You've
been had.
<
Conversely, sleazeball scientists at the Smithsonian, Penn
State, the University of Pennsylania, the University of California
at Berkeley -- among countless others --have totally ignored
the physical evidence confirming the existence of man, and 
other large land animals, during the Carboniferous Period,
a minimum of 280 million years ago.
<
I must emphasize their deceit, deception, collusion and conspiracy
against truth was done primarily to protect their vested interests.
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Shame, shame! A THOUSAND TIMES SHAME!
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Taxpayers' money has been paying them to do this for years.
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/TightFit.jpg 
<                     Photo, Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution 
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<                      -->   PRINT AND SAVE  <---
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EVALUATION OF A "CARBONIFEROUS HUMAN CALVARIUM FOSSIL" 
< 
The following report (below) was prepared by Lin Liangtai, a scholar 
and scientist in Taipei, Taiwan. He and I never met but Liangtai was 
impressed with my discoveries of petrified bones, teeth and soft 
organs -- some human -- between anthracite veins in Pennsylvania. 
< 
He communicated with me and his honesty and sincerity came shining 
through. So I sent him some of my specimens so he could conduct 
exhaustive testing -- and, indeed, he did. 
< 
His results confirm -- BEYOND ALL REASONABLE DOUBT -- that 
the specimens ARE petrified bones -- some human -- which provides 
the physical evidence that man existed during, or even before, the 
time that anthracite coal was formed. 

 It also proves  BEYOND ALL DOUBT, that the Darwinian Theory of Man's 
Evolution is a myth, as I've been insisting for more than two decades
despite the shameful, disgusting insults of the tenured fossils who
have long been  protecting their bureaucratic asses..
< 
Man, in almost our present form, inhabited the earth EONS before 
Charles Darwin put us here. 
< 
My hat is off to Lin Liangtai, who has confirmed that members of the 
entire Scientific Establishment are totally corrupt -- actually, 
they are members of a PSEUDOSCIENTIFIC Establishment -- who have
NOT sought truth about man's origin and ancestry but have gone along
with a COLLOSAL LIE to protect their vested interests. 
< 
Before presenting Lin Liangtai's exhaustive report, here are photos of
some of my incredible discoveries as well as my Web page which 
shows, among other things, how the so-called prestigious Smithsonian 
Institution has been a full and willing participant in deceit,
deception, collusion and conspiracy. 
< 
I might add that the petrified human calvarium and both petrified 
fingers, with fingernails, were found AFTER the Web page was put 
up on the Internet and has never been updated. The Web page 
counter hasn't worked in at least two years and at that time had more
than 264,000 hits. I'd bet it'd be past 400,000 or 500,000 by now.
< 
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< 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/manasoldemboss.gif 
< 
<   TRUTH  VS. THE MONUMENTAL LIE OF MAN'S EVOLUTION 
<     (Fossils -- SOME HUMAN -- Found Between Coal Veins) 
< 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/OldestHumanSkull.JPG 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/ManasOldasCoal.jpg 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/Discoveries.jpg 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/MoreFossils.jpg 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/HumanBrain.jpg 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/TestResults.jpg 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/OldestTool.jpg 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/Scorpion.jpg   
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/MVC-013F.JPG 
< 
 ================= 
< 
To prove they're the real McCoy: 
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<       PETRIFIED FOSSILS STILL EMBEDDED IN SLATE 
< 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-002S.JPG 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-003S.JPG 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-006S.JPG 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-007S.JPG 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-009S.JPG 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-010S.JPG 
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-012S.JPG 
< 
Ed Conrad 
Man as Old as Coal 
http://www.edconrad.com 
< 
============================================== 
============================================== 
< 
<                        LIN LIANGTAI'S REPORT 
< 
(Note: To see photos to which Lin Liangtai is referring, see his 
original Web page at http://www.wretch.cc/blog/lin440315 
< 
=============================================== 
< 
ABSTRACT 
< 
The author (Lin Liangtai) has examined through microscopes more 
than 20 thin sections cut from "rocks" that Mr. Ed Conrad discovered 
and sent to the author (Fig. 7). 
< 
Without exception, they are all found to be fossils, including the 
subject "calvarium fossil" (Fig. 1). 
< 
The object is a Carboniferous human calvarium fossil for the following
reasons: 
< 
(1) it contains numerous fossilized red blood cells in each thin 
section that has been made from it; 
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(2) it contains fossilized dendrites and somas of brain cells; 
< 
(3) No other animal has an organ or body part that matches its 
inner/outer shape and size; 
< 
(4) Its inner cavity has a capacity of at least 1,025 cc.; (5) 
< 
It was found between coal veins near Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania 
(U.S.A.) where geological structure has been dated to be around 300 
million years old. 
< 
The fossil�s blood vessels have turned into coal, suggesting it once 
existed in a coal region. Even if it did not come from the 
Carboniferous age, the fact that it is fossilized and coalified would 
still make it the oldest human skull cap ever found in the world. 
< 
In addition to the subject fossil, there are at least four other 
pieces of evidence for human civilization in the Carboniferous age. 
Mankind needs no more than eight thousand years to develop from a 
low-tech society to a high-tech society. 
< 
INTRODUCTION 
< 
A "calvarium fossil" (fig. 1), discovered and owned by Mr. Ed Conrad 
of Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., has been considered for over 25 
years to be just a rock, while its owner keeps maintaining that it is 
a Carboniferous human calvarium fossil. 
< 
This article attempts to evaluate the object by answering the 
following related questions in the discussion part in the following 
order: 
< 
1. Is it a fossil? 
< 
2. Is it a calvarium fossil? 
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3. Is it a human calvarium fossil? 
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4 Is it a Carboniferous human calvarium fossil? 
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5. Are there evidences for human civilization in the Carboniferous 
age? 
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6.Was there high-tech civilization in the Carboniferous age? How does 
one know that? 
< 
7. Further discussion/Attempts to disprove myself . 
< 
A calvarium is a skull without the lower jaw/the facial parts, whereas
a cranium refers to skull bones that enclose the brain (Ref. 1). A 
calvarium could possibly contain a part of brain remains/fossil. The 
specimens used in this evaluation came from the interior of the 
object. 
< 
MATERIAL AND METHODS 
< 
Material A: 
< 
On the author�s request, the owner of the "fossil" cut a small 
specimen from the interior of the object, took pictures of the spot 
from which the specimen was cut, and sent the specimen to the author 
by post. 
< 
The specimen arrived in the following conditions: 
< 
1. A chunk of "fossil" about 1.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, and 0.5 cm thick.
< 
2. Three small fragments that crumbled out of the above chunk when the
author took up the chunk to look at it for the first time. The three 
fragments measure about 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.2 cm each. 
< 
3. Dozens of small grains, each measuring less than 0.2cm in any 
dimension. These grains had gone loose from the chunk during its 
transport by post and its handling by the author. 
< 
Above three kinds of specimens were taken to the geology department of
National Taiwan University to be made into thin sections 1, 2 and 3 
respectively in the following methods. The methods involved no 
artificial staining of colors. 
< 
1. Thin section 1 (Fig. 2): Specimen 1 was cut for transverse and 
longitudinal sections, which were then ground and mounted onto a glass
slide, namely thin section 1. One third of Specimen 1 was left from 
the process of making the thin section (Fig. 2-1). 
< 
2. Thin section 2 (Fig. 2-2): Fragments of Specimen 2 were cut, ground
and mounted onto a glass slide. As this thin section was made too 
thick for light to penetrate, it was not much used in this study. 
< 
3. Thin section 3 (fig. 2-3) : Small grains from Specimen 3 were 
placed in a mold that glued them firmly together, ground to a 
thickness of about 0.03 mm, and then mounted to a glass slide, namely 
thin section 3. 




Thin section 1 and 3 were viewed through a microscope in transmitted 
light and photographed with a camera (Canon model EOS 350D). 
< 
Material B: the "calvarium fossil" 
< 
The author asked the owner of the "fossil" to measure the object and 
got the following data: 
< 
Outer dimensions of the object: 22.8 cm (maximum length) by 17.8 cm 
(maximum width) by 13.3 cm (maximum height) 
< 
The owner advised the author that on the top side of the object, there
seems to be a 6-mm-thick coating of foreign substance. To be on the 
safe side, the author subtracts twice that thickness�6mm x 2�from the 
above outer length , outer width, and subtracts 6 mm from its exterior
maximum height. Hence, the following figures are obtained and used for
calculating its cranial capacity: 
< 
Outer dimensions: 21.6 cm (Length) by 16.6 cm (Width) by 12.7 cm 
(Height) 
< 
Inner cavity dimensions: 15.9 cm (maximum length) by 10.8 cm (maximum 
width) by 11.4 cm (maximum depth/height) 
< 
Based on the above data, the author calculated the cranial capacity of
the object as follows: 
< 
1. Lee Pearson Formula, given by Williams et al (1995) and Manjunath 
(2002b) (ref. 2). 
< 
For males: 0.000337 x (L-11) x (W-11) x (H-11) + 406.01 
< 
As the above length, width, and height are all expressed in 
millimeter, the following calculation is done: 
< 
0.000337 x (216-11) x (166-11) x (127-11) + 406.01=1,648 cc 
< 
For females: 
< 
0.0004 x (L-11) x (W-11) x (H-11) + 206.60 
< 
Hence, the following calculation is done: 
< 
0.0004 x (216-11) x (166-11) x (127-11) + 206.60 =1,681 cc 
< 
Mean cranial capacity: (1648+1681) divided by 2 makes 1,665 cc. 
< 
As the gender of the "cranium" is unknown, only the mean figure is 
considered here for convenience. 
< 
2. Spheroid Formula, given by Manjunath (2002b, ref. 3) 
< 
0.5238 x length x width x height(depth)= cranial capacity 
< 
Above length, width, and depth are measurements of the crania 
cavity and expressed in centimeter. 
< 
Hence the calculation 0.5238x15.9x10.8x11.4=1,025 cc. 
< 
RESULTS 
< 
A. The estimated cranial capacity of the "calvarium" ranges from 1,025
cc to 1,665 cc as calculated in the above paragraph. 
< 
B. In thin sections 1 and 3, many fossilized red blood cells were 
found (Figure 3). Some of them are round-shaped. Others are oval, 
possibly because they have changed their round shape into oval shape 
in order to pass through small capillaries. 
< 
C. In thin section 3, near the center is a small grain showing 
fossilized dendrites of brain cells (figure 4) as well as the 
above-mentioned red blood cells. In other spots in thin section 3, 
there are also a few micro-structures looking like somas of fossilized
brain cells (figure 4-6). 
< 
D. Specimen 1 is found to have at least five black areas. One black 
area is shiny black under naked eyes and microscopes. Microscopic 
pictures reveal that the shiny black area contains carbonized blood 
vessels and erythrocytes (Fig. 6-2). 
< 
DISCUSSIONS: 
< 
1. Is it a fossil? 
< 
My answer is yes. No rocks or plants contain so many fossilized red 
blood cells (Fig. 3), some of which are still in blood vessels. They 
are found in randomly-chosen, freshly-cut thin sections, not from 
re-worked/contaminated tissues. Their colors are not artificially 
stained. 
< 
2. Is it a calvarium fossil? 
< 
My answer is yes. No other animal organs or body parts have 
inner/outer sizes and shapes similar to this fossil�s shapes and sizes
(Fig. 1). The existence of the degraded/fossilized dendrites and somas
of brain cells in Fig. 4 points to a calvarium fossil that once 
contained brain cells. 
< 
3. Is it a human calvarium fossil? 
< 
My answer is yes. Its cranial capacity of at least 1,025 cc is 
surpassed only by cetaceans, walrus, elephants, and/or dinosaurs (ref.
4). However, those four kinds of animal have no crania/organs that 
match the subject fossil in cranial shape and size. As each order of 
animal has a different shaped skull (ref. 5), the subject calvarium 
can be easily identified to be a human calvarium fossil by forensic 
experts on human skulls. One such expert is the late Mr. Wilton 
Krogman, considered one of the author of the boo. He has physically 
examined the calvarium fossil. His broad smile in the photo (fig. 1) 
says to me that he confirmed it was a human calvarium fossil. 
< 
The calvarium fossil matches humans� cranial size, cranial capacity 
and cranial shape in the following ways: 
< 
3-1 Cranial size (outer dimensions): 
< 
Neanderthal: 24.1cm (length) x 14.6 cm (width) x 17.8 cm (height) 
(ref. 6) 
< 
Subject fossil: 21.6 cm (length) x 16.6 cm (width) x 12.7 cm (height) 
< 
3-2 Cranial capacity: 
< 
Neanderthal: 1,750 cc (ref. 7) 
< 
Modern Human: 1,350-1,400 cc (ref. 8) 
< 
Java man: 940 cc (Homo Erectus, Trinil 2, Pithecanthropus I, ref. 9) 
< 
Subject fossil: at least 1,025 cc (by Spheroid Formula) 
< 
By the Lee Pearson Formula, the subject fossil has a cranial capacity 
of 1,665 cc. The vast difference between 1,665 cc and 1,025 cc may be 
due to the following factors: 
< 
A. The width of the inner cavity is only 60% of the fossil�s outer 
width, as the fossil possibly retains fossilized brain matter on one 
side of the inner cavity (See the bottom view of the fossil in Fig. 
1); 
< 
B. The calvarium was broken in the facial part; 
< 
C. It has thick skull bones; 
< 
D. It could possibly have a 6-mm-thick coating of foreign substances 
on its exterior; 
< 
3-3 Cranial shape: 
< 
Human: well-rounded cranium (ref. 10) 
< 
Java man: flat, very thick cranium (Homo Erectus, Trinil 2, 
Pithecanthropus I) (Fig. 5 & ref. 9) 
< 
Subject fossil: More rounded than the above Java man (fig. 1 vs. fig. 
5) 
< 
The above analysis shows the subject fossil matches human skull caps 
in cranial size, capacity, and shape. 
< 
4. Is it a Carboniferous human calvarium fossil? 
< 
My judgment says yes. 
< 
For over 27 years, its owner has attested many times that all his 
fossils were found between coal veins near Shenandoah and Mahanoy 
City, Pennsylvania. That is in the anthracite region, the only one in 
the U.S. proper. It�s a most-studied geological area of the 
Carboniferous age. 
< 
That is to say any animal fossil found there must have lived there in 
the Carboniferous age. The owner�s attestation is mirrored in Specimen
1 and its remnant. 
< 
Under naked eyes and microscopes, the specimen looks black and 
shiny in some areas (Fig. 2-1). 
< 
Under the LED light of a digital microscope (ref. 11), the shiny black
area of Specimen 1 revealed its blood vessels that have carbonized 
into coal (figure 6). The shiny black color is a sign of vitrain�a 
thin, bright, horizontal band in bituminous coal that usually breaks 
with a conchoidal fracture. The fossil�s black and shiny look suggests
its origin in a coal region. 
< 
Its owner has two other fossils that are also coalified. One such 
fossil is a coalified axe handle (fig. 8). Another is a fossilized 
human finger complete with skin tissue, finger nail, ligaments, and 
the middle phalanx (figures 9, 9-1). 
< 
The finger shows signs of carbonization on the finger tip�s palm side 
(fig. 9-2). 
< 
If Mr. Conrad lied to the experts about the fossils� place of origin, 
how could he vehemently accuse the experts (for 27 years!) of fooling 
the general public in the interest of their own pocket books instead 
of exposing the king�s new clothes? After all, a layman would need 
greater courage to cheat the experts than the experts would need 
courage to cheat the laymen. 
< 
Before Mr. Conrad found the subject calvarium fossil, he had found 
hundreds of "fossils" at the same place. Why would he discover it 
anywhere else when hundreds more of such fossils are still exposed 
out there, outcropping from the big boulders in the region (Figure 
10). He seldom took pictures of them before removing them. Was 
he a layman who took every picture of his findings before removing 
them from a dark coal mine? 
< 
From his physical, close contact with the "rocks", Mr. Conrad knew 
better than anybody that his were not rocks. That�s why he kept 
insisting for 27 years that they were not rocks. They include 
unimaginable organs such as human liver, fingers, penises, testes, 
kidneys, limb, etc. (fig. 7). 
< 
This fossil causes many questions to current theories about human 
origins. If we avoid them, we are only fooling ourselves. If we face 
them, they will bring us new horizon and new direction for human 
civilization. 
< 
5. Are there evidences for human civilization in the Carboniferous 
age? 
< 
Certainly. They are all shown in my albums (Figure 7). 
< 
The evidence for human civilization include: (1) a coalified axe 
handle as well made as those sold on e-bay (the first four albums 
in Fig. 7); (2) A manicured fingernail on a primate finger (Fig. 9, 
Fig. 9-1); (3) A piece of limb cut flatly across soft flesh and hard 
bone, as if with a sharp knife (Fig.11, Fig. 11-1); (4) Dinosaur bones
preserved by formaldehyde-like chemicals in the Cretaceous age. 
< 
Dr. Mary H. Schweitzer reported, in an article by Mr. PZ Myers, that 
she smelled of the odor of the chemical when she was cutting T-Rex 
dinosaur bones in preparation for bio-chemical tests. (5) Preservation
of individual soft organs down to the microscopic level for 300 
million years. Soft organs such as liver, kidneys, testes, penises 
(Fig. 12) were all individually and separately preserved in a manner 
comparable to today�s embalming or plastination technique 
< 
6. Was there high-tech civilization in the Carboniferous age? 
< 
Certainly. Mankind took no more than eight thousand years to develop 
from low-tech society to high-tech society. I have written about my 
source and similar subjects in the talk. origins newsgroup. 
< 
7. FURTHER DISCUSSION -- Attempts to disprove myself 
< 
7-1 Couldn�t it be a rock? 
< 
Mr. Conrad�s fossils were dismissed as rocks mainly because they 
were found in the Carboniferous strata, and no experts can explain 
their existence. Experienced fossil handlers can recognize this is not
an ordinary rock simply by looking at Fig. 1. In that figure, there 
was a gentleman holding this object. At the bottom is its inner cavity
covered with many small rings and dots. The bottom view of the object 
also shows many black areas. These are unusual signs for a rock. 
Besides my pictures, there are pictures by Mr. Andrew MacRae and Mr. 
PZ Myers. The pictures (Figures 3-5, 3-6, 3-7) don�t show an ordinary 
rock. 
< 
Few rocks have a shape and size that fully matches human skull 
interior and exterior. As described in my answer to question 3 above, 
this object fully matches human skull caps. More than twenty of Mr. 
Conrad�s "rocks" (Fig. 7) contain degraded red blood cells. 
< 
Making no exception, the three thin sections that were cut from the 
subject fossil show degraded mammalian red blood cells, dendrites and 
somas of brain cells, blood vessels, etc. in natural condition. 
< 
Most of them are found where they should be. I have cut more than 20 
thin sections from the �rocks� and taken more than 1,000 microscopic 
pictures of the 20 fossils the owner has sent me. 
< 
 Most of the jagged minerals found in the fossils are found trapped in
organic tissues such as blood vessels. These fossilized blood vessels 
could not have gone into rocks/minerals, and then begun the 
fossilization process and still remained jointed in natural posture. 
The minerals were there because they went into the blood vessels 
through holes in the organic objects. The minerals were not found 
 in a continuous formation, but the organic tissues/organs were found 
in a continuous formation, retaining their original outer shapes (of 
finger, calvarium, handle, liver, etc.) and cell structures. 
< 
Except the coalified axe handle, all fossils are animal rather than 
plant fossils. Plant fossils are characterized by regular radial wood 
structures in their transverse sections. Animal fossils show extreme 
complexity in transverse section without the regular radial pattern of
wood tissues (rays, etc.). The subject fossils are too big to be fungi
or bacteria. Few rocks, if there is any, have been found to contain 
numerous fossilized red blood cells, blood vessels, or brain cell 
dendrites. None of such rocks matches human skull caps in size and 
shape. 
< 
On the Internet, there are two articles that include microscopic 
pictures of thin sections cut from the owner�s other �rocks�. Those 
pictures actually show the �rocks� contain fossilized collagen and red
blood cells (Fig. 3-5, Fig. 3-6, Fig. 3-7), although no Haversian 
canals are shown in the pictures. Many people have seen the pictures 
but chose not to talk about the organics in the pictures.     
< 
7-2 
< 
Couldn�t it be something other than a calvarium? 
< 
The subject fossil has a deep, wide inner cavity that roughly matches 
the outer shape of the fossil. Its large size and distinct shape 
cannot be found in any organs other than skulls. 
< 
It contains fossilized nerve cell dendrites and somas which are not 
found in any organ except in brains. Only skulls contain brain cells. 
The fossilized parts of brain cells could only have come from a skull.
It is unlikely for brain cell parts to leave a skull, go into another 
skull, get preserved and fossilized there in natural posture. 
< 
 There is no reason to suspect this object was contaminated, since 
dendrites of brain cells were found fossilized in a calvarium fossil, 
just where they should be. No one has the right to dismiss it as a 
rock or some unknown object after it was found to contain fossilized 
mammalian red blood cells (Fig. 3), dendrites and somas of brain cells
(Fig. 4). 
< 
7-3 
< 
Couldn�t it be a non-human calvarium? 
< 
All crania have different, distinctive shapes among different orders 
of animal (ref. 5). The fossil could only be that of mammals, because 
it contained mammalian red blood cells. The erythrocytes in Fig. 3 are
uniquely mammalian, as they were biconcave for over50y percent of the 
cell surfaces. 
< 
Non-mammalian vertebrates have erythrocytes that are oval and 
biconvex. Only mammals have round and biconcave erythrocytes. 
The author has compared the fossil with various skulls of mammals 
and found only human skulls matched the fossil. No human skull 
forensic experts could confidently dismiss it as a non-human skull cap
fossil, as human skull caps have a unique shape among mammalian skull 
caps and the No. 1 distinction of human skulls lies in their large 
cranial capacity. No other animal has a skull that remotely matches 
human skulls in their cranial capacity, shape and size. 
< 
7-4 
Couldn�t it be later than the Carboniferous age? 
< 
As stated in Section 7-1, Mr. Conrad�s fossils were dismissed as rocks
mainly because experts cannot explain why human fossils were found in 
the Carboniferous strata. No one has really claimed that Mr. Conrad 
lied about the place where the fossils were found�around his hometown 
in the area of Shenandoah/Mahanoy City.  Pennsylvania. 
< 
No one would believe that he found them in a foreign country or even 
in another state when hundreds more of such fossils are still 
outcropping there. Why would he lie about their place of origin when 
he cared most about the �rocks�� being recognized as fossils? When his
rocks have been demonstrated to be fossils, they mean he was right all
along, including the fossils� place of origin. 
< 
Even if it were not from the Carboniferous age, it is still the oldest
human skull cap in the world, as its blood vessels in the brain have 
carbonized into shiny bituminous coal/anthracite (Fig. 2-1, Figures 
6-1 to Fig. 6-4). Bituminous coal is at least ten million years old in
the U.S.A. No other human skull cap has ever been found to be so 
old in the whole world. 
< 
CONCLUSION   
< 
The author has examined through microscopes more than 20 thin 
sections cut from �rocks� that Mr. Ed Conrad discovered and sent 
to the author. 
< 
 Without exception, they are all found to be fossils, including the 
subject �calvarium fossil�. The object is a Carboniferous human 
calvarium fossil for the following reasons: 
< 
 (1) it contains numerous fossilized red blood cells in each thin 
section that has been made from it; (2) it contains fossilized 
dendrites and somas of brain cells; (3) No other animal, except 
humans, has an organ or body part that matches its inner/outer shape 
and size; (4) Its inner cavity has a capacity of at least 1,025 cc.; 
(5) It was found between coal veins near Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania, 
where geological structure has been dated to be around 300 million 
years old. 
< 
 The fossil�s blood vessels have turned into coal, suggesting it once 
existed in a coal region. Even if it did not come from the 
Carboniferous age, the fact that it is fossilized and coalified would 
still make it the oldest human skull cap ever found in the world. 
< 
In addition to the subject fossil, there are at least four other 
pieces of evidence for human civilization in the Carboniferous age. 
That�s no surprise when mankind needs no more than eight thousand 
years to develop from a low-tech society to a high-tech society. 
< 
FIGURES AND THEIR EXPLANATIONS 
< 
Figure 1: Photo provided by Mr. Ed Conrad, who discovered and owned 
this and other �fossils� shown in the albums. The author did not study
the CAT image or the white mask in the figure. 
:http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634732&p=1 
< 
ADDITIONAL FIGURES 
< 
Fig. 1-1: list some of the �rocks� Mr. Conrad sent to the author. The 
rocks have all been proven to be fossils in the respective albums. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/lin440315 
< 
Figure 2: shows Thin Section 1 at 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634667&p=1 
< 
ADDITIONAL FIGURES 
<Fig. 2-1: shows Specimen 1 remnant URL: 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634677&p=1 
< 
Fig. 2-2: shows Thin Section 2 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634704&p=11
< 
Fig. 2-3: shows Thin Section 3. The thin section is made from small 
grains that have gone loose from Specimen 1 during its transport by 
post and handling by the author. Its URL is: 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=o1588634748.jp...
< 
Figure 3: shows fossilized red blood cells. The photo also shows 
fossilized dendrites of brain cells. Its URL is: 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634728&p=0 
< 
Additional figures of fossilized red blood cells/blood vessels: 
< 
Figure 3-1: Fossilized red blood cells found in Thin Section 1. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634780&p=40
< 
Figure 3-2: Coalified red blood cells found in remnant of Specimen 1. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634701&p=10
< 
Figure 3-3: Fossilized red blood cells found in Thin Section 3. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=o1588634723.jp...
< 
Figure 3-4: shows fossilized blood vessels. URL: 
< 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634777&p=38
< 
Figure 3-5: shows many fossilized collagens in the  microscopy by Mr. 
Andrew MacRae. 
< 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634687&p=1 
< 
Mr. MacRae used the microscopy to claim that Mr. Conrad�s fossils are 
nothing but rocks. 
< 
This picture and Mr. MacRae�s article are also available at: 
< 
http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/t_origins/carbbones/carbbones.html 
(Article URL) 
http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/t_origins/carbbones/th96-001_ts3.jpeg
(Photo URL) 
< 
Fig. 3-6: shows fossilized collagen in another microscopy by Mr. 
MacRae. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634688&p=2 
< 
The collagen was in a green circle drawn by Mr. MacRae himself. This 
photo is also included in the above-mentioned article and available on
the Internet at: 
http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/t_origins/carbbones/ts/ec96-001_ts...
< 
Fig. 3-7: shows fossilized red blood cells in a microscopy by Mr. PZ 
Myer. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634686&p=0 
< 
Mr. Myers used the above photo in his article to claim that Mr. 
Conrad�s fossils are just rocks since they don�t contain Haversian 
canals. The URL of the above-mentioned article and photo is: 
< 
http://pharyngula.org/index/weblog/comments/blast_from_the_past_a_vis...
< 
Figure 4: Fossilized brain cell dendrites/red blood cells photographed
with 40x object lens. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634726&p=3 
< 
ADDITIONAL FIGURES 
< 
Fig.4-1:http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634715&p=0
shows a diagram in a Wikipedia article on Purkinje cells 
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purkinje_cell). In the diagram�s bottom 
left corner is a neuroglia cell with dendrites that resemble 
fossilized dendrites of brain cells shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 4-2 , Fig. 
4-3, Fig. 4-4. 
< 
Fig. 4-2: shows fossilized dendrites of brain cells photographed with 
4x object lens. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634746&p=21
< 
Fig. 4-3: shows above dendrites under 10x object lens 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634745&p=20
< 
Fig. 4-4: shows part of above dendrites under 100X object lens. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634741&p=16
< 
Fig. 4-5: shows axon terminal of a fossilized neuron. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634725&p=2 
< 
Fig. 4-6: features a fossilized soma of a brain cell. 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634808&p=72
< 
Fig. 4-7: features various kinds of neurons in human brain in 
< 
Web  Page at URL 
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/gall1.html 
< 
Figure 5: shows skull cap of a Homo Erectus�the Java Man (Trinil 2, 
Pithecanthropus I) 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634722&p=0 
< 
This photo came from an on-line article at URL: 
www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/java.html 
< 
Figure 6: 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634678&p=2 
Photo shows remnant of Specimen 1. The black area in the remnant is 
featured in Fig. 2-1, Fig. 6-1 and Fig. 6-2. 
< 
Figure 6-1: 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634689&p=0 
This photo features the black, coalified area in the remnant of 
Specimen 1. Under LED light, the dark black color in Figure 6 turned 
into colorful, shiny strings of blood vessels still containing 
erythrocytes. This area is shiny black under naked eyes and 
microscopes if viewed at a certain angle, such as in Fig.2-1 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634677&p=1).
This is a sign of vitrain found only in bituminous coal or anthracite.
< 
Figure 6-2: 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=1588634698&p=7 
shows coalified erythrocytes and blood vessels. The dark black 
coalified blood vessel (at center) still contains dark black coalified
erythrocytes. 
< 
Some big erythrocytes are below the center. 
< 
Figure 6-3: 
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=lin440315&b=13&f=158++ 
< 
Unfortunately, the remainder of this report does not appear because of
space limitations to Web page's by the server in Taiwan. 
< 
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