Thread View: alt.world.taeis
2 messages
2 total messages
Started by Geoff Tuffli
Mon, 12 Oct 1992 19:20
ARTICLE (old): Ohs History (brief)
Author: Geoff Tuffli
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 19:20
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 19:20
246 lines
13282 bytes
13282 bytes
Shaav/Nerassh'tan/Lakar tuff@ellis.uchicago.edu [ O H S E M P I R E ] Taeis Historical File (May 20, 1992) _____________________________________________________________________________ 0 Founding of the Ohs Empire by Taeis Dubogula, Warchief of the tribal group that would later be known as the House of the Dragon. Beginning of the First Dragon Dynasty. 221 Beginning of invasion against the Kingdom of Sarkjen, the predecessor of the Eastern Kingdoms. 240 Sarkjen's king is assassinated by one his rivals, and without a strong king, the nation falls at last to the Ohs Empire. 300 c. The Empire, prospering from the spoils of the war with Sarkjen, begins to expand rapidly onto the fertile plains to the south. The Milannorim tribes who occupy the area resist. 427 The current Dragon Emperor dies in battle pushing the Milannorim back through the one pass of any size in the Southern Wall. The Milannorim resettle in the forestlands south of the mountain range, but suffer severe casualties from the rout and the first winters in their exile. The House Lord of the Unicorn takes possession of the throne, ending the First Dragon Dynasty and beginning the First Unicorn Dynasty. 623 The Unicorn Empress dies when she and her heir are burned alive on a boat during the Celebration of Fes'isshai. The House Lady of the Preothai takes possession of the throne, ending the First Unicorn Dynasty and beginning the First Preothai Dynasty. The next 780 years see a the first Golden Age of the Empire, as the Preothai for the most part prove to be exceptionally stable rulers. 1200 c. The area of the former Kingdom of Sarkjen, split up into four regions for administrative purposes, achieves considerably local autonomy. 1398 The Preothai Emperor, long friends with a Lady of the House of the Dragon, chooses her as his successor, giving as reason her undisputed political brilliance. 1402 The Preothai Emperor dies of old age. The new Dragon Empress takes possession of the throne, ending the First Preothai Dynasty and beginning the Second Dragon Dynasty. 1433 The first empress of the Second Dragon Dynasty forms the bulk of the Empire's forces along the river marking the western boundary of the Empire. A period of intense guerilla warefare against the Empire by the Paeni Clans begins, which will last 329 years before the clans are forced to accept nominal domination by the Empire. 1586 The Dragon Emperor announces his intent to invade Iniel in order to incorporate it in the Empire. He sends 45,000 soldiers into the swamps of the Inielese. Several villages are destroyed utterly, but the Matriarch remains in hiding, and the Inielese initiate a series of devestating hit-and-run raids that force the vastly numerically superior Imperial army to retreat. 1594 The Dragon Emperor dies, and his successor, Seina Dubogula, a woman well-known for the shrewd military tactics that enabled her to inflict considerable damage upon the Paeni, ordered nearly 650,000 troops into Iniel, determined to avenge the "dishonor" (read: humiliation) done to the previous Emperor. 1595 Tarnil Seina Dubogula is ripped to pieces by a demon while resting in her pavilion in full armor in the middle of her reserves about 20 miles into Iniel. The Imperial army retreats, demoralized by the death of the Dragon Empress. Her sister Meia Dubogula succeeds her. 1625 Meia Dubogula, Dragon Empress of the Ohs Empire, secretly orders the poisoning of one of the major rivers leading into Iniel in the hopes of achieving revenge for the death of her sister. The Inielese suffer terrible losses before realizing the source of the poison that is killing them and their major source of food, fish. 1626 89 demons appear in Tarn Ohs, capitol of the Empire, and begin to ravage the city. Meia Dubogula holds out in the Palace with the Guard and several detachments of hundasi and mavraki defending her against the demons for three nights. Finally, the city in all but ruins and the Guard reduced to a fraction of its former size, Meia Dubogula falls on her sword, commiting suicide. The House Lord of the Unicorn takes the throne, ending the Second Dragon Dynasty and beginning the Second Unicorn Dynasty. A calm and cautious man by nature, he begins rebuilding the Empire while struggling to prevent the Eastern Provinces from breaking away and continuing to subdue the tenacious Paeni Clans. 1678 The Eastern Provinces finally manage to break away, immediately splitting up into four seperate kingdoms despite a short-lived attempt to unify the kingdoms as they were before they were absorbed by the Ohs Empire. 1762 The Paeni Clans are finally forced to accept nominal domination by the Empire, though in fact this means little more than Imperial Representitives at every major clan with the power to step in at any time if the clanchief displeases them, and this it is painfully obvious that there are still some things that the Paeni will not stand for, even if it would mean their utter destruction. 2000 c. The Second Unicorn Dynasty, successful beyond anything in the Empire's history since the First Preothai Dynasty, rules over a period of immense prosperity, creating what comes to be called the "Second Golden Age" of the Empire. 2200 c. The prosperity brought by the Second Unicorn Dynasty, including the final acceptance by the Inielese to send an ambassador to Tarn Ohs, takes its toll, and the increasingly decadent pleasures of the dynasty take their perfect incarnation in the form of the Unicorn Emperor, Parek Xund. who ascends to the throne in 2201. The Eastern Kingdoms, emboldened by the decay setting into the Empire, begin to encroach on the upper plateaus of the mountain range seperating the, with the Empire. The Tarnil Parek Xund does nothing, and continues in his revels as the grumbling among many noble factions steadily increases, and internecine warefare rises to a height never before experienced in the history of the Empire. 2223 Parek Xund uses his own considerable talents with the peculiar version of sorcery practiced by the House of the Unicorn to forcibly seduce and corrupt the youngest daughter of the House Lord of the Dragon. Enraged, Guret Dubogula, House Lord of the Dragon, demands the excecution of the Emperor. Several factions in the House of the Preothai announce their support, ostensibly because of the seduction, but in fact because they see Parek Xund as potentially threatening the Empire itself. Parek Xund denounces Guret Dubogula, and in his throne room, has Guret Dubogula's youngest daughter kill her own father, which she does willingly. Guret Dubogula's heir, a cousin of his named Jeina Dubogula, calls upon the Great Houses of the Empire to battle against those forces still loyal to Parek Xund or to the title of Emperor itself. Her call is heard by the House of the Preothai, who send a portion of their army to assist Jeina Dubogula's forces. The House of the Uma defends the Emperor, and the House of the Kapati sit on the fence, seemingly content to play one side off of the other. 2224 The Empire dissolves into civil war, with the House of the Dragon and the House of the Preothai on on side, and the House of the Uma, the House of the Unicorn, and the Imperial forces themselves on the other. 2226 Parek Xund is killed by Jeina Dubogula in a pitched battle ninety miles from Tarn Ohs. Jeina Dubogula is killed by a stray arrow shot not five minutes after killing Parek Xund, and the battle dissolves into a mutual massacre as the two forces collapse into dissarray, both of their leaders dead. 2228 While the House of the Dragon marches on Xund Ohs, the heriditary home of the House of the Unicorn, the Kapati House Lord has himself proclaimed Emperor. The House of the Dragon, intent on crushing the House of the Unicorn, ignores the proclamation. 2230 c. It soon becomes clear that the Mutheis Kapati, the so-called Kapati Emperor, does not, in fact, control the Empire, and thus the "First Kapati Dynasty" ends a mere 2 years after its inception. The Empire itself dissolves into a bloodbath as each of the Great Houses struggle to regain ascendency. The initial alliance between the House of the Dragon and the House of the Preothai lasts until nearly 2280. 2279 The Pretocea Empire invades the the continent. The House of the Uma, long the masters of the sea of the Empire, manage to beat off the islanders from their own lands due to superior numbers and little else, as the islanders prove to be superior even to the vaunted Uma maritime forces. The Pretocea Empire turns away from the land controlled by the House of the Uma, and attack the western half of the penninsula long inhabited by the House of the Preothai. The House of the Preothai, weakened by the role it had played in supporting the House of the Dragon in its bid for ascendency, is unable to hold onto its ancestoral homeland and is forced to flee southwards with less than a bare third of their people and forces intact. 2322 The new House Lord of the House of the Dragon assumes power, the latest in a long line of House Lords and Ladies since the breakup of the Empire. Uthehi Dubogula gathers the remnants of the House of the Preothai and the House of the Dragon, and, with some last minute assistance from the House of the Kapati, manages to storm the fortifications of Marn Ohs, the center of the House of the Uma's power. 2324 In a bloody war of attrition, Uthehi Dubogula ruthlessly exterminated almost half of the House of the Uma until the House is forced to capitulate. The House of the Unicorn, long since nearly obliterated, relunctantly bows to the new Emperor, Tarnil Uthehi Dubogula. Uthehi Dubogula ascends the throne in Tarn Ohs and begins the Third Dragon Dynasty. 2345 Uthehi Dubogula manages to reassert the Empire's control over the Paeni Clans, though he is forced to settle for a fraction of the control over the clans originally possessed by the Empire. 2356 The Dragon Emperor, now almost 60 years old, gathers the slowly recovering Imperial forces and reconquers the Eastern Kingdoms in the space of barely a year. He does this by agreeing to permitting the king's heirs to take power as "kings", subject to none save himself. The former kings fade into obscurity, though one commits suicide instead. 2506 The Dragon Empress declares war on Petrocea and marches on the territories it holds on the penninsula. After a series of inconclusive battles, she manages to cut off the reserves of a large segment of the Petrocean forces, resulting in a strategic windfall for the Empire. 2509 After 3 years of war, the Petrocea Empire withdraws, leaving in ruins behind it the ancestoral lands of the House of the Preothai. 2641 The Dragon Emperor dies in his sleep without a declared heir, only five years into his reign. The House Lord of the House of the Uma ascends the throne, marking an end to the Third Dragon Dynasty and the beginning of the First Uma Dynasty. 2917 The Emperor persuades an ancient vampire to give the Imperial Family the gift of vampirism, a ploy to achieve immortality. The vampire consents, and is immediately thereafter killed by agents of the Uma Tarnil. 3000 c. The Imperial Family, resident as it is in Tarn Ohs, a city that is near no sea, and consisting of vampires, becomes culturally and socially isolated from the main part of the House of the Uma. The House Lady of the Uma. The Imperial Family is ostrasized from its relatives, who refuse to speak to the Imperial branch of the House. 3021 Present Day. The Empire is growing restless under the vampire Tarnil, as the presence of a vampire on the throne denies any possibility of the cycle of dynasties continuing. Stirrings beyond the Southern Wall indicate that the Milannorim, long-since embittered by being driven off of their land, gather in the foothills as rumors of a prophesied Chief-of-All-Tribes begin to run like wildfire through the tribes. The Eastern Kingdoms, having regained their autonomy in all but name, serve as a rallying point for much of the dissatisfaction of the nobles in the Great Houses with the vampire Emperor. Reports of sightings of dragons in the foothills of the mountains east of the lands of the Preothai have begun to occur with such frequency that even the most skeptical can no longer doubt their authenticity.
ARTICLE (old): Ohs Language
Author: Geoff Tuffli
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 19:21
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 19:21
457 lines
16344 bytes
16344 bytes
LANGUAGE IN THE OHS EMPIRE (v.4)
Pronunciation:
jh s as in measure (in standard linguistical terms, it is zh)
jn said as a dipthong
lj said as a dipthong
a ah
o oh
e eh
i ee
u oo
oh said like "ho" except said deeper in your throat, with
a stronger "oh" sound, somewhat like huffing the
sound
ssh said as a dipthong, start by making an "ss" sound then
merge it into a "sh" sound
ae ah-eh, not quite a dipthong, still two distinct sounds
eo eh-oh, not quite a dipthong, still two distinct sounds
ie ee-eh, not quite a dipthong, still two distinct sounds
ue oo-eh, not quite a dipthong, still two distinct sounds
x z, the only word this is used in in modern usage is
"xund", or "unicorn"
g g as in goat
ts ts as in cats
th always soft, as in thin (as opposed to the th in there)
c gutteral ch is in the Scottish pronunciation of ch in
loch, a very uncommon sound
ah said like "ha" except huffing slightly as you say it,
making it softer
ih said like "he" except huffing slightly as you say it,
making it softer
j j as in jester
NOTE: there is no stress, pitch is used to emphasize or convey
subtler emotion
Grammar:
The language has no real distinction between a noun and an adjective.
An -i ending is usually the ending of a word or compound word. So, two words,
huni (meaning horse, association with horses, or horse-like) and dasi (meaning
soldier, fighter, or warrior) could be combined to hundasi or dashuni (note
that "dashuni" would be pronounced das-huni, not dash-uni). Hundasi, thus,
means horse-warrior, or a mounted soldier.
In addition, there is no real pluralization, so hundasi could mean
a single horseman or an army of them, or horsemen in general. Expressing
plurals relies on attaching to it a word indicating number, either the exact
number, or, more commonly, a general one roughly analogous to English's
"few", "some", and "many", though somewhat more precise.
Compound words can be made up of more than two parts. So, the word
raki (meaning bow) could be added to hundasi to form the word "hunrakdasi"
or "rakhundasi" or "hundasraki". In actual practice, it should be noted that
only one of these possible combinations is used for a particular word. So,
a horseman is always referred to as "hundasi", not as "dashuni", though if
you were to use the latter compound, you would be understood, although it
would sound odd to the listener.
Generally, those words which do not take the -i ending are arranged
in a slightly different manner. They are grouped as if they were an adjective
in front of a noun. This is also sometimes used to emphasize a particular
aspect of the compound word. So, the commander of the horsemen in an army
(tarni means lord, approximately) would likely be referred to as the Tarn
Hundasi. Note that in this case, the -i ending was stripped from tarn. The
most relevant aspect of the compound word, if one exists, is placed near the
beginning, so Tarn Hundasi would emphasize that the more important aspect
was the Tarn-ishness, and only after that they were of horsemen. One could
also call such a person a hundastarni, with this de-emphasizing the fact that
they are a commander, and placing more importance on their connection with
horseman-ness.
Verbs do not have, by themselves, any tense or reference to the
subject. There is one form, and the only way you can tell its tense is by
context or by the presence of another word that indicates when it happens.
Noun/Adjectives can be made into verbs by the addition of an ending "sh",
that, if the Noun/Adjective ends in a consonent, is instead "ash". Forming
a verb this way usually indicates "the process of". So the word for mask,
"sha", could be made into the verb "to mask" by adding -th to form "shash".
In important note is that there is no verb "to be", rather in the
absence of another verb, it is assumed.
All verbs, even those without Noun/Adjective roots, end in -sh.
The word order is: subject - (indirect object) - object - verb
(Poetry, by the way, is almost always designed so as to rhyme from the
_beginning_ of a phrase, rather than the end.) Clauses can be added on
one after another with only a short pause seperating them from one another.
Adverbs are not used at all. To indicate, for example, that an
action is done "quickly", one merely adds the necessary word onto the
subject. "Kabi", meaning "quickly", added to "oshash" or "to become
civilized", would create the verb "to become civilized quickly", or
"kaboshash".
Vocabulary:
The following is a list of the vocabulary that I have come up with.
I intend to update it and expand it as I have time.
ANIMALS
dubogula - dragon
xund - unicorn
preothai - a non-poisonous spider about 1 foot in diameter that builds
amazingly intricate and extensive webs.
uma - a large sea turtle about 12 feet in diameter that has been used as
a beast or burden.
kapati - a flying, poisonous snake. The poison is paralytic.
huni - horse
pai - a small bird, somewhat like a sparrow
resethi - seagull
likai - mouse
bothark - a huge, lumbering omnivorous creature about 20 feet long covered
by huge bony plates and several lines of spikes on its face.
Though not bright, it is exceedly vicious, and very strong.
They are sometimes used in much the same way as bulls are in
Spain.
kedishi - jackal
prei - spider
kapi - snake
manisi - cat
tibi - fish
jhasi - human
kebi - rat
sasshai - sheep
elenbi - cow/bull
nename - goat
pochai - pig/hog
CLOTHING:
kutari - a long-sleeved tunic commonly worn by nobles or on formal occassions.
Usually has woven into it stylized representations of animals
or other simpler designs. It extends over the hips.
panakutari - a short-sleeved kutari that is designed to be worn with a sath.
sath - a white dress-like garment worn underneath a panakutari. It extends
to the wrists and down to the ankles. While it can be worn
by both sexes, it is usually only worn by women. Like a kutari,
it is slid over the head.
umari - pants. They split on either side for a few inches, and necessitate an
underbelt to hold them on. An overbelt is usually worn over
the kutari itself.
tasmatashi - soft leather boots of a kind commonly worn in the Ohs Empire. The
soles of the feet are made of specially hardened leather that
is segmented into several overlapping pieces to make the entire
footwear easier to walk in. It can go as low as the ankle or
as high as just below the knee.
NATURE:
sejn - cliffs or escarpment
marn - sea or ocean
separai - swamp, fens, or marshland
lebai - water
ani lebai - river
ani - movement or flow
korgo - earth or soil
batami - wind
shimiasi - sand storm
iasi - sand
gari - rock
ejhakiladani - inferno
ejhake - warmth or heat
dani - fire
potam - fertile soil or loam
talati - forest or woodland
lati - wood
COLORS:
soti - rust red or blood red
tosoti - orange
kosoti - orangish-pink
ketina - light blue
lei - deep blue
paryani - yellow
ithilyai - purple
gloi - black
parai - white
shintisayaki - gold
kothoi - tan or brown
kelji - light green
hanalji - forest green
MILITARY:
raki - longbow
mavi - skilled or skillful
mavraki - elite longbow soldiers of the Ohs Empire
dasi - soldier, warrior, or fighter
hundasi - elite dragoons of the Ohs Empire
shei - weapon used by the hundasi, it is a double-ended sword-spear with
four spikes angling out of a right angle below the blade
on one of the ends.
losshi - army (100,000 soldiers or 10 daumshi)
dalosshi - host (all of the losshi raised for a campaign)
losshil - grand host
pakimi - battlegroup (10 soldiers)
dapakimi - cohort (100 soldiers or 10 pakimi)
umshi - legion (1000 soldiers or 10 dapakimi)
daumshi - regiment (10,000 soldiers or 10 umshi)
imnak - sword (two-handed grip, relatively short lengthed blade)
thei - axe used in the Ohs Empire, has a triangular blade, one side of which
lays face-on the shaft.
panathei - axe the size of a small dagger
korojhi - spear, used only in the Imperial armies, not in any of the House
forces.
yomak - blood
ENDINGS:
-l/il - the most
-ka - lacking or without
TIME:
atana - year of 320 days
mesthia - time it takes for Ea to pass by a particular point on the Jovian
planet it circles - works out to about 40 days.
para - week of 8 days
yundi - day
ENTERTAINMENT:
radi - dancer or entertainer
mavi - skilled
mavradi - acrobatic dancer-mimes who wear masks and are noted for their
incredible skill at dancing/acrobatics and their habit of
never speaking and going masked most of the time.
sha - mask
jhugoloroiri - travelling jugglers/stage-magicians
papadai - the colored rubber balls used by jhugoloroiri in their acts
foditei - court bard, serves a respected position, often also a Lord's
advisor, and often as well as the historian and even at
times as a teacher of ethics and morality.
tastraba - drum
pelipe - flat-harp
SORCERY and the MYSTERIES:
shadu - spirit, soul, or animus
shaduka - one who is without soul, souless
sae - mana, the intangible power omnipresent that sorcery taps as a source
of enery
saemavi - a sorceror
saemavil - the most competent sorceror; the title is usually reserved for
the ritual-master of the House of the Unicorn.
DESCRIPTIVE NOUNS:
panai - short or brief
spiristi - tall, high, or proud
spiristika - humble
sshasi - happy or pleased
sshasika - grim
chayuli - angry
chayulil - enraged
chayulika - calm
falji - long distance or time
kabi - quickness or quickly
CONSTRUCTIONS:
kohn - home, den, or place-of-retreat
vatani - fortified place, castle, or wall
amani - road
zelati - bridge
PARTS of the BODY:
eshi - back of head or skull
patani - face
mei - eyes
saspi - ears
koton - belly or abdomen
garaki - chest or ribs
haspiki - fingers or hand
temdi - arms
karei - tongue
listhimiki - legs
PRONOUNS:
hami - me, I, us, or we
tomi - you
kari - he, she, it, them, or they
** To make pronouns possessive, merely integrate them into
object that is being possessed. So "my horse" would be
said, "hunhami" **
INDICATIVES:
oi - this or these
ai - that or those
** These can be used alone, as in, "I want THAT," or they
can be used in combination with a word. So in the phrase,
"I want THAT TUNIC," the object would be "kutaroi" **
INTERROGATIVES:
kanaputai - what
manaraputai - who
tokiputai - where
hokonoputai - why
patanaputai - when
teloijhuputai - how or in what way
na - ending after a verb to indicate that the sentence is a query
** "Whose" would be formed by combining "manaraputai" and
the appropriate object. So "whose house" would be
"kohnmanaraputai" **
** "Where is this", for example, would be "tokiputai" and
"oi" for "This is where?" or "Oi tokiputai na?" **
CONJUNCTIONS and OTHERS:
pa - and
ka - or
chan - if
eba - no or wrong ("nothing" would be "ebai")
kaba - yes or correct ("something" would be "kabai")
POSTPOSITIONS:
kot - while
sham - to
peloki - from
chessh - within
ben - on
taman - under
kras - over
yas - around
** These all function as prepositions, except
for that they all are placed at the end of
a word or clause rather than the beginning
as it is in English **
TIME RELATIONS:
charn - before or earlier (past)
karn - after or later (future)
tok - now (present)
barana - still
CONDITIONS of BEING:
lanami - sleep or sleeping
gebrani - growing
panagebrani - shrinking
palari - falling
ko - thought or thinking
loi - entrance or entering
lamani - gift or giving
ahsi - glowing
ahsika - dampened
manai - possessing or holding (implies non-permanence and/or non-ownership)
matai - pregnant
esatsi - sick
elebi - love or loving
nalabi - doing
dardani - sight or seeing
pelebi - play or playing
ueni - movement or moving
** Distinguishing whether someone "is grown" as opposed to
someone "growing" is done by using different sequences.
"Growing" is used as a verb, by adding "-sh" to the root.
That someone "is grown" is done by using the "grown" as
the object and adding a present tensesual marker ("tok").
So, to say that "I am grown" or "I am grown, now" you
would say, "Tok hami gebrani". "I am growing" would be
said, "Hami gebranish". **
OTHER WORDS
pahn - bowl
ohrti - tong-like eating utensil used in the Ohs Empire
daparathei - knife (intended mostly for an eating utensil)
borga - horns
kepichi - saddle
hadri - map
pohthi - banner
More Grammar:
Possessives: Possessives can be accomplished in two different ways.
The first has already been explained, and is only used with pronouns. Horse,
"huni" and me or my, "hami" can be combined in this way to mean "my horse",
or "hunhami". The second way is slightly more complex.
The expression 'la- is stuck after the possessor and before the
object. Furthermore, the -i ending on the possessor is deleted (which is
where the ' comes from. So, "my horse" could, in addition to "hunhami", be
expressed by saying: ham'la-huni. This can be extended even farther, for
example, if you wanted to say "my horse's saddle" you could say either
"hunham'la-kepichi" or "ham'la-hun'la-kepichi".
In cases where the noun does not end in -i, there are two ways to
deal with this, depending upon whether the word ends with "la" already or
with some other ending. If the word ends with "la", such as in the word for
dragon, or "dubogula", than the 'la- expression is changed to be-. To indicate
"the dragon's horns" you would thus say: dubogulabe-borga. Note that the
apostraphe is not used, as there is nothing to be replaced.
In all other cases where the word ends in something other than -i,
the expression becomes merely la-. So the phrase for "the drummer's horse"
would be: potastrabala-huni.
The expression 'la- is in fact an expression of location, as opposed
to expressed ownership. If you wish to make the distinction between owning
something as opposed to merely possessing it, use the empression 'za- in place
of 'la-. In cases where the word ends in "za" already, the za- is retained,
unlike 'la-.
Examples: to say "The horse you are riding is mine" in order of
most frequently used to least...
1) Huntomi ham'za-huni.
2) Tom'la-huni ham'za-huni.
3) Huntomi hunhami.
4) Tom'la-huni hunhami.
Vocabulary (continued):
CELESTIAL BODIES
ea - the name of the world
pelava - the name of the yello-green gas giant planet that Ea circles
zara - the sun (it appears smaller than our own due to the distance)
puloi - the small moon that orbits between Ea and Pelava
krasshei - the third moon of Pelava (including Ea)
mern - the fourth moon of Pelava (including Ea)
merna - the fifth moon of Pelava (including Ea)
toarn - a moon
NUMBERS
ebai - nothing, none, or zero
sor - one
hak - two
be - three
nem - four
pajhni - five
lar - six
laman - seven
sutei - eight
fan - nine
osshla - ten
pulassha - hundred
hinasshra - thousand
kloi - (multiplier indicative)
** Examples: 10 osshla
15 osshla pajhni
32 be-kloi-osshla hak
109 pulassha fan
820 sutei-kloi-pulassha hak-kloi-osshla
3116 be-kloi-hinasshra pulassha osshla lar **
** Examples of Counting: Four moons.
There are four moons.
(Moons four are.)
Toran nem.
Look at the four moons.
(You moons-four look.)
Tomi torannem meish.
NOTE: "meish" is "mei" (eye) + "sh" (verb-ending) **
Thread Navigation
This is a paginated view of messages in the thread with full content displayed inline.
Messages are displayed in chronological order, with the original post highlighted in green.
Use pagination controls to navigate through all messages in large threads.
Back to All Threads