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            Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
            Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
            A TBI and a CVA are sudden and devastating. Research performed
by Dr. Padula and others have shown that often there are visual problems
that occur after a head injury or CVA that can interfere with balance,
movement, coordination, attention, concentration, and reading ability.
Frequently, persons who have had a TBI or CVA will experience double or
blurred vision, blind spots, movement of the floor and/or other stationary
objects, and in some cases even hallucinations. Dr. Padula has named this
particular type of vision problem that occurs after a TBI or CVA (Padula)
Post Trauma Vision Syndrome (PTVS). This syndrome if untreated can, in many
cases, greatly interfere with rehabilitation of cognitive and neuro-motor
function.

            A neuro-optometric evaluation will analyze the profound
relationship of the visual process to balance, posture, movement, position
sense, cognitive processing and memory. The evaluation includes a careful
analysis of how the person uses a portion of the visual system, the ambient
visual process, to support balance and posture. After a TBI or CVA,
instability that occurs in this peripheral vision system causes interference
with fixation, tracking, focusing, and eye teaming (use of the two eyes
together).



Physical Disabilities
            Whether a person has a physical disability caused by a TBI, CVA,
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis or other congenital or acquired
neuro-motor problems, visual imbalances and distortions can actually
reinforce the particular physical disability. It has been found that
frequently a neuro-motor disability will cause a shift in the perceived
concept of the child's or adult's awareness of their visual midline. The
visual midline is produced by the matching or visual information with
sensory-motor information to give the person an awareness of the center of
their body.

            A shift of the visual midline Is caused by a dysfunction of the
ambient visual process. It has been called The (Padula) Visual Midline Shift
Syndrome. This midline shift reinforces postural imbalances causing the
person to lean to one side, forward (flexion), or backward (extension)
because the concept of visual midline is displaced.

            Therapeutic use of lenses and prisms can help to stabilize the
disrupted peripheral or ambient visual process. Through use of special yoked
prisms the visual concept of midline can be reoriented thereby causing the
person to improve their posture and balance. The use of these therapeutic
yoked prisms has also been found to affect the physical states of muscle
spasticity. The use of special lenses, yoked prisms and/or other optical
aids are not meant to take the place of physical or occupational therapies.
Instead, these devices are often recommended to be used in conjunction with
these therapies. Through a multi-disciplinary approach of using therapeutic
lenses and/or yoked prisms it has been found that the rehabilitation of the
physically disabled child or adult can be more complete and efficient,
enabling the person to achieve a greater potential In the least amount of
time.

            Click here to go to SECTION 3 or use navigation bars below.












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� Copyright 1997. Shoreline Vision Rehabilitation Center.
            P.O. Box 1408, 652 Boston Post Road, Guilford CT 06437
            Phone: 203-453-2222 / Fax: 203-458-3463 / Toll-Free:
1-800-591-1660
            E-mail Dr. Padula: bpadula@svrc.com

            Site Design by Granite Bay




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http-equiv=3DContent-Type><TITLE>SVRC: 2. Neuro-Optometric =
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            <P><IMG align=3Dtop alt=3D"Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation =
Evaluation"=20
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            <H3><FONT color=3D#003366>Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)=20
            <BR>Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)</FONT></H3>
            <P><IMG align=3Dleft alt=3D"Prism Graphic" border=3D0=20
            src=3D"../../Media/image_2a.gif">A TBI and a CVA are sudden =
and=20
            devastating. Research performed by Dr. Padula and others =
have shown=20
            that often there are visual problems that occur after a head =
injury=20
            or CVA that can interfere with balance, movement, =
coordination,=20
            attention, concentration, and reading ability. Frequently, =
persons=20
            who have had a TBI or CVA will experience double or blurred =
vision,=20
            blind spots, movement of the floor and/or other stationary =
objects,=20
            and in some cases even hallucinations. Dr. Padula has named =
this=20
            particular type of vision problem that occurs after a TBI or =
CVA=20
            (Padula) Post Trauma Vision Syndrome (PTVS). This syndrome =
if=20
            untreated can, in many cases, greatly interfere with =
rehabilitation=20
            of cognitive and neuro-motor function. </P>
            <P>A neuro-optometric evaluation will analyze the profound=20
            relationship of the visual process to balance, posture, =
movement,=20
            position sense, cognitive processing and memory. The =
evaluation=20
            includes a careful analysis of how the person uses a portion =
of the=20
            visual system, the ambient visual process, to support =
balance and=20
            posture. After a TBI or CVA, instability that occurs in this =

            peripheral vision system causes interference with fixation,=20
            tracking, focusing, and eye teaming (use of the two eyes =
together).=20
            <FONT color=3D#cc3300><A =
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    <TBODY>
    <TR align=3Dleft vAlign=3Dtop>
        <TD align=3Dleft vAlign=3Dtop width=3D533>
            <H3><FONT color=3D#003366>Physical Disabilities</FONT></H3>
            <P><IMG align=3Dleft alt=3D"Glasses Graphic" height=3D87=20
            src=3D"../../Media/image_2b.gif" width=3D148>Whether a =
person has a=20
            physical disability caused by a TBI, CVA, cerebral palsy, =
multiple=20
            sclerosis or other congenital or acquired neuro-motor =
problems,=20
            visual imbalances and distortions can actually reinforce the =

            particular physical disability. It has been found that =
frequently a=20
            neuro-motor disability will cause a shift in the perceived =
concept=20
            of the child's or adult's awareness of their visual midline. =
The=20
            visual midline is produced by the matching or visual =
information=20
            with sensory-motor information to give the person an =
awareness of=20
            the center of their body. </P>
            <P>A shift of the visual midline Is caused by a dysfunction =
of the=20
            ambient visual process. It has been called The (Padula) =
Visual=20
            Midline Shift Syndrome. This midline shift reinforces =
postural=20
            imbalances causing the person to lean to one side, forward=20
            (flexion), or backward (extension) because the concept of =
visual=20
            midline is displaced. </P>
            <P>Therapeutic use of lenses and prisms can help to =
stabilize the=20
            disrupted peripheral or ambient visual process. Through use =
of=20
            special yoked prisms the visual concept of midline can be =
reoriented=20
            thereby causing the person to improve their posture and =
balance. The=20
            use of these therapeutic yoked prisms has also been found to =
affect=20
            the physical states of muscle spasticity. The use of special =
lenses,=20
            yoked prisms and/or other optical aids are not meant to take =
the=20
            place of physical or occupational therapies. Instead, these =
devices=20
            are often recommended to be used in conjunction with these=20
            therapies. Through a multi-disciplinary approach of using=20
            therapeutic lenses and/or yoked prisms it has been found =
that the=20
            rehabilitation of the physically disabled child or adult can =
be more=20
            complete and efficient, enabling the person to achieve a =
greater=20
            potential In the least amount of time. <FONT =
color=3D#cc3300><A=20
            href=3D"#top"><BR></A></FONT><BR><FONT color=3D#cc3300><A=20
            href=3D"svrc_3.htm">Click here to go to <B>SECTION 3</B></A> =
or use=20
            navigation bars below.</FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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            Copyright 1997. <B>Shoreline Vision Rehabilitation =
Center.</B>=20
            <BR>P.O. Box 1408, 652 Boston Post Road, Guilford CT =
06437<BR>Phone:=20
            203-453-2222 / Fax: 203-458-3463 / Toll-Free:=20
            1-800-591-1660<BR>E-mail Dr. Padula: <I><A=20
            =
href=3D"mailto:bpadula@svrc.com">bpadula@svrc.com</A></I><BR><BR></FONT><=
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