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Article #1342World Environment Report
From: Business Publishers Inc.
Date: Sat, 06 Jan 1996 00:00
Date: Sat, 06 Jan 1996 00:00
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The editors of World Environment Report would like to thank all
those who have supplied story ideas for recent issues. The
following is an abstracted edition of the Dec. 6, 1995, edition
for your review.
World Environment Report wants to provide readers with the latest
information on global environmental trends that could affect
your interests or provide new business opportunities. We welcome
your comments and story ideas. Contact the editor, David
Bottorff, at Business Publishers Inc., 951 Pershing Dr., Silver
Spring, MD 20910-4464, 1-301-587-6300, ext. 3005; fax: 1-301-
587-1081; Internet: bpinews@clark.net.
Vol. 21, No. 25 December 6, 1995 Page 215
Inside This Issue
Environment Industry to Benefit
From U.S., EU Cooperation................................Page 216
European Commission to Simplify
Environmental Regulations................................Page 217
Nepal, European Union Sign
Cooperative Agreement....................................Page 217
Greece to Receive Funds
For Water Treatment......................................Page 217
European Commission Downplays
Concerns Over Sellafield.................................Page 218
Lawmakers Seek ECU800 Million
For Rejuvenated LIFE Program.............................Page 219
Indonesia to Expand Pulp, Paper Base,
More Recycled Paper Needed...............................Page 219
European Union, Mediterranean States
Set Environmental Agenda.................................Page 219
Australia Moves to Sample Oil
From Ships to Track Pollution............................Page 220
New Zealand, Australia Launch
Cooperative Waste Program................................Page 221
Melbourne University Critical
Of Waste Management Practices............................Page 221
News Briefs..............................................Page 222
Business Briefs..........................................Page 223
SLANTS & TRENDS
CULTIVATING GOOD RELATIONS: International competition in the
environment industry is fierce. Cognizant of this fact, the
European Union (EU) is taking aggressive action to promote better
scientific, economic, political and social ties with its trading
partners to stimulate environmental goods and services sales.
These moves can only boost the competitiveness of environmental
firms in such industry leading EU members as France, Italy,
Germany and Britain to the disadvantage of U.S. companies.
By way of long-range planning, EU officials are targeting
Japan, one of the most advanced industrial states outside North
America and Western Europe. Japan is known for both its relatively
vigorous environmental protection initiatives and its
competitiveness in the international environmental products
market.
In late November, EU and Japanese officials gathered for the
16th Annual EU-Japan Interparliamentary Conference to cultivate
"active cooperation" and "healthy competition." The discussions
examined a wide range of cooperative projects, but special
attention was paid to science and technology, particularly in the
field of environmental protection. The exchange of information on
efficient industrial practices also was emphasized.
Meanwhile, the EU in recent weeks has looked to improve
environmental cooperation with North America and the Mediterranean
while reexamining its own environmental laws and regulations. This
edition of WER looks at several EU initiatives, and similar
efforts by fellow Commonwealth member Australia, and the possible
effect they may have on the international environment industry.
European Union
Environment Industry to Benefit
From U.S., EU Cooperation
European Union (EU) and U.S. officials tentatively have agreed
to join forces to combat such global and transnational issues as
environmental protection and nuclear safety.
Meeting in Madrid Dec. 3, officials agreed that only by
improving scientific, economic, social and political ties will
such major environmental and human health threats as those in Cen-
tral and Eastern Europe be adequately addressed. The cooperative
attitude is seen as potentially benefitting environmental firms on
both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
Global Challenges
Specific goals outlined agreed to by U.S. and EU officials in
presummit talks include:
o A more intensive dialogue and coordination of negotiating
positions on major global environmental issues, including the
United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development and the
Global Environmental Facility;
o More discussion on regulatory cooperation on chemicals
issues, including hazardous chemicals trade, harmonization of
labeling and classification rules, and reduction of risks from
hazardous substances;
o Continuing work on biotechnology;
o Advancing efforts to cut air pollution;
o Joint projects to help Central and Eastern Europe plus the
Newly Independent States (NIS) address their environmental
problems;
o Joint efforts to secure the safety of all nuclear power
stations throughout Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, the
Ukraine and the NIS; and
o Promoting the ratification of the International Convention on
Nuclear Safety.
[Text removed for brevity]
Contact: European Union, 2100 M St., NW, #707, Washington, DC
20037; +1-202-862-9500; fax: +1-202-429-1766.
Greece to Receive Funds for Water Treatment
The European Commission Nov. 30 approved ECU173.7 million for
seven water projects in Greece. The projects are seen as part of
a larger program to help bring southern European states fully up
to speed with their northern counterparts.
The initiatives, according to an EC statement, are:
o Supply of water to Thessaloniki from the Aliakmon River.
In addition to design and consultancy work, this project
provides for finishing of the pipeline from the River Axios to
the Sindos pumping station, the construction of filters, various
pipelines for the supply of drinking water, connecting the
Aliakmon aqueduct to various installations and renovating and
repairing the connecting canal.
The purpose is to supply water to the 1 million inhabitants of
Thessaloniki. Funding is set at ECU80 million, or 85% of the
eligible cost.
o Second phase of the enlargement and finishing of the sewage
treatment facilities at Thessaloniki.
The treated waste will be discharged into the Gulf of Thermai.
Financial aid from the European Union will reach ECU56 million,
or 85 percent of the total.
o Reinforcement and safeguarding of the Mornos aqueduct in
order to reduce by 25 percent the loss of water caused by leaks.
Assistance totals ECU11 million, or 85 percent of total costs.
o Biological treatment station at Agrinio; Water supply, waste
water disposal and biological treatment at Thiva; Waste water
disposal and biological treatment station at Pyrgos; and Waste
water disposal and biological treatment station at Yannitsa.
These four decisions involve waste water disposal systems and
the building of biological treatment stations in four regional
capitals. The projects will comply with community standards
since the towns are situated in sensitive regions. Community aid
for these four projects amounts to ECU26.7 million.
Contact: Greek Embassy, 2221 Massachusetts Ave., NW,
Washington, DC 20008; +1-202-332-2727; fax: +1-202-265-4931.
European Commission to Simplify
Its Environmental Regulations
The European Commission (EC) announced Nov. 22 it would
simplify its environmental regulations along with other rules
affecting a wide spectrum of industry.
Although some fear streamlining environmental compliance will
lead to more pollution, others say making it easier for industry
to act responsibly will stimulate sales of environmental goods and
services.
The work, to continue through 1996, will provide regulatory
relief and alternatives to legislation, including voluntary
agreements with on environmental protection.
Work already has begun with the chemical, electronics and
recycling industries on voluntary environmental protection
initiatives, according to an EC statement.
[Text removed for brevity]
Nepal, European Union Sign
Cooperation Agreement
Pursuing official relations established in 1977, the European
Union and Nepal have inked an agreement on improving environmental
cooperation.
"We do have a lot of problems in Nepal," Nepali Foreign
Minister Prakash Chandra Lohani said in a statement.
"We are a poor country just starting the process of economic
transition ... and we have all the problems associated with that."
Particular issues include deforestation, flooding, and urban popu-
lation growth of 10 percent per annum.
The agreement, the first between the European Union and Nepal,
calls for the creation of a permanent mechanism for facilitating
communication on environmental and other issues, the statement
said.
European Commission Downplays
Concerns Over Sellafield's THORP
The European Commission (EC) largely dismissed alleged
radiation hazards posed by the Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant
(THORP) at Sellafield in northern England during Nov. 27-28
hearings conducted by the European Parliament's Petitions
Committee. The concern is said to demonstrate the never ending
need for advanced nuclear safety and remediation equipment, and
for good public relations at contaminated sites.
THORP reprocesses spent oxide fuel from nuclear power stations
into uranium oxide, radioactive waste products and plutonium.
Two petitions, one from Ireland and one from Britain, expressed
concern about the possible environmental and health risks posed by
Sellafield, especially residual radiation from the 1957
experimental reactor fire.
[Text removed for brevity]
The petitions will be forwarded to Parliament's Environment
Committee. The next committee meeting will be held Dec. 18-19.
Contact: European Union, 2100 M St., NW, #707, Washington, DC
20037; (202) 862-9500; fax: (202) 429-1766.
Lawmakers Seek ECU800 Million
For Rejuvenated LIFE Program
LIFE, the European Union's only specific financial mechanism in
support of the environment, should be funded at ECU800 million
between 1996 and 1999, not merely ECU450 million as earlier
recommended by EU environment ministers, according to the European
Parliament.
The Environment Council earlier approved a commission request
LIFE be extended through 1999. LIFE I ends Dec. 31. The ministers
agreed to the commission's ECU450 million budget but wanted the
funding level reviewed 1997.
The LIFE II initiative should be expanded to include air
pollution and water management, according to a report submitted to
the Parliament's Environment Committee.
[Text removed for brevity]
Asia
Indonesia to Expand Pulp, Paper Base
But More Recycled Paper Needed
Indonesia, already under criticism for its forest management
practices, said Nov. 22 it plans to expand its share of the world
pulp and paper market. The country currently is ranked 14th in
pulp and 15th in paper production. Limited supplies of pulp wood
and recycled paper, however, may limit expansion, the country's
Ministry of Industry said in a statement.
The country, which recovers only about 25 percent of its paper,
or 600,000 metric tons per year, even must import recovered paper.
Indonesia wants to produce 6.4 million metric tons of pulp and 7.2
million metric tons of paper per year by the end of the century.
Total annual world pulp production in 1994 was 164.78 million
metric tons.
[Text removed for brevity]
Mediterranean
European Union, Mediterranean States
Establish Environmental Agenda
Companies looking for environmental markets in the
Mediterranean region are expected to benefit from an accord on
environmental, economic and cultural cooperation reached Nov. 27
in Barcelona between the 15 European Union members and
representatives from 11 Mediterranean states plus the Palestinian
Authority.
The summit was the first time virtually all Mediterranean basin
states gathered with their European Union counterparts. Although
few concrete measures were embraced, the summit was seen as a
symbolic bid to improve regional environmental protection and
communication.
[Text removed for brevity]
Oceania
Australia Moves to Sample Oil
From Ships to Track Pollution
The Australian Parliament's Transportation Committee issued a
report Nov. 27 calling for mandated sampling of ship oil stores to
facilitate tracking in the event of a spill.
The Newcastle Port Authority, which already has a sampling
program underway, says the procedure costs about A$7 per ship and
acts as a deterrent to crews that might otherwise discharge oil at
sea.
"The Newcastle program is low cost, helps identify the source
of oil spills and has helped to reduce pollution incidents," the
report says. The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA),
however, argues that the sampling will be labor intensive and
costly.
The report was drafted to review the country's ability to
respond to major oil spills. Although much attention is paid to
major spills from tanker accidents, such spillages only account
for roughly 12 percent of marine oil pollution, the report says.
[Text removed for brevity]
National Strategy
In a related development, a national strategy to combat
pollution from ships was adopted Nov. 24 by the Australian and New
Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) (see related
story, next page). The program addresses pollution from 11 major
sources, including ballast waster and inadequate port-side waste
facilities.
More public education and greater cooperation with Aboriginal
peoples also is included in the strategy, ANZECC said in a
statement.
[Text removed for brevity]
As with Australia, the European Parliament (EP) is considering
a proposal (COM(95)269) that international safety standards be
applied uniformly to all European Union ships to help reduce the
incident of marine pollution.
Although all EU members are supposed to adhere to International
Maritime Organization (IMO) safety rules, enforcement varies
widely from state to state, the EP said in a statement.
[Text removed for brevity]
Spinoff Environment Industry Termed Worth Preserving
Ecotourism, worth A$250 million annually, may start falling
off in Australia if the country does not dedicate more resources
to rehabilitating and protecting natural areas, the Ecotourism
Association of Australia (EAA) told a late November national
conference in Alice Springs, Northern Territories. Although
Australia could become a world leader in ecotourism, the general
lack of appreciation by government of the role national parks
and protected areas play could hurt growth, the EAA said.
Ecotourism today represents about 3 percent of the country's
total tourism earnings and may double by 2000. In addition to
lax infrastructure maintenance, poor waste management and other
problems often dissuades tourists, the EAA said. The
association asked funds be redirected from such major attrac-
tions as Uluru, Kakadu, Wet Tropis and the Great Barrier Reef to
such places as Fraser Island. The association argues that a
relatively small investment could make Australia a world leader
in both conservation and the presentation of wildlife. Canberra
earlier announced a A$10 million National Ecotourism Strategy.
The goal was to guide tourism companies on how to form policies
and facilitate ecotourism. Contact: Ecotourism Association of
Australia, GPO Box 1122, Brisbaine, Queensland 4001, Australia;
+61-7-221-1811; fax: +61-7-221-3270.
New Zealand, Australia Launch
Cooperative Waste Program
The environment industry received a ringing endorsement Nov. 24
from the 10th Australian and New Zealand Environment and
Conservation Council (ANZECC).
The organization, which plays a key role in forming
environmental policy in the two countries, calls for reducing
solid waste and shipping pollution plus new initiatives to
preserve natural resources.
ANZECC also agreed to an "interim biogeographical
regionalization of Australia," a framework for identifying
shortcomings in the national wildlife protection. The goal is for
government to create a comprehensive mechanism for protecting
natural areas.
Also announced Nov. 24 was the WasteWise program to cut by 70
percent construction and demolition waste. The 14 million tons of
such waste generated each year represents 30 percent of all
municipal waste, ANZECC said in a statement on the program.
[Text removed for brevity]
Melbourne University Critical
Of Waste Management Practices
The University of Melbourne has determined that poor waste
management patterns was forcing a massive problem onto future
generations.
In a study announced Nov. 24, the school said the country's
solid waste facilities are being filled to capacity, are not being
well maintained, and that there is little regard for the long-term
environmental damage the sites may cause.
The study, which finds the government places too much emphasis
on short-term environmental impact and cost, is the school's
second, year-long study of environmental problems in Australia.
Current practice is to fill storage facilities with unstable
wastes and seal them to prevent biochemical reactions without
regard for the fact the waste must be managed in the future.
[Text removed for brevity]
Contact: Environmental Attache, Australian Embassy, 1601
Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20036; +1-202-797-3000.
News Briefs
o CHINA: The China National Environmental Protection Co. has
announced Alanco Environmental Resources Corp. of Scottsdale,
Ariz., was given permission to market Charged Dry Sorbent
Injection (CDSI) industrial pollution control equipment in China.
CDSI is a sulfur dioxide removal technology. The technology is
especially useful at coal-fired boilers, more than 400,000 of
which are in operation in China. China releases more than 19
million tons of particulates and 18 million tons of sulfur dioxide
into the air annually, resulting in serious acid rain problems.
China ranks third after the United States and Russia for carbon
dioxide emissions from coal-burning facilities. Coal provides
roughly 76 percent of its energy. Contact: Alanco Environmental
Resources Corp., +1-602-874-0448.
o CHINA: Beijing has announced it will make environmental
degradation a criminal offense, according to the English The China
Daily newspaper. The National Environmental Protection Agency was
quoted as saying that companies or individuals causing serious
pollution will be imprisoned or even given capital punishment. The
strong measures come as environmental protection officials
continue to fight a loosing battle with rapid industrialization.
Water, solid waste and air pollution are particular problems,
Sinophiles say. A new law banning unusable solid waste imports and
regulating waste treatment facilities will take effect next
spring, the government says. Further, rules on moving solid waste
from region to region, on noise, and on radioactive materials will
be implemented.
o NORWAY: The European Parliament, acting on complaints Russian
authorities harassed the Norwegian environmental group Bellona,
has adopted a resolution calling on Moscow to stop the activity
and explain its actions. Bellona recently explored nuclear safety
and waste management on the Kola Peninsula. Contact: Bellona
Miljovernstiftelsen, POB 8874, Young Storget, 0028 Oslo, Norway;
+47-2238-2410.
o SOUTH KOREA: Seoul has decided to not build a nuclear waste
repository on Kulop Island, because two fault lines were located
about 2 miles away, the Environment Ministry announced Nov. 30.
The facility, which was to have been built over seven years and
would have been the country's nuclear waste repository, was to
store up to 1 million drums of waste. The failure to proceed with
building plans means South Korea has no specific site to store
waste from its 10 nuclear power plants. (Five more plants are
under construction.) Kulop Island is inhabited by seven people,
the Environment Ministry says. It was selected was selected last
year. Contact: Environmental Attache, South Korean Embassy, 2450
Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008; +1-202-939-6463.
o TAIWAN: Taipei is negotiating with Russia on reprocessing its
nuclear waste. Although Russia officials have said the first
shipment - some 2,000 liters of low-level waste - is to arrive in
Murmansk in April, the nationalized Taiwan Power Co. contends that
although a letter of intent to work cooperatively with Russia on
nuclear waste management was struck last spring, the deal is not
yet set. Taiwan operates three nuclear power stations. A fourth is
being built. Taiwan currently maintains a nuclear waste storage
facility on Orchid Island, the government says. That site will be
at capacity in two years.
Although construction of new facilities is vehemently opposed
by local groups, the Taiwan Power Co. announced earlier it is
looking for a contractor to build an independent spent fuel stor-
age installation for its Chinshan Nuclear Power Station. The
contractor would be required to design, fabricate and deliver
the spent fuel facility, as well as build the foundation,
construct and install the facility itself and commission the
facility. Qualifications are due Dec. 5 to: DNFPP, Taiwan Power
Co., 39 Ho-Ping East Road, Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, Attn:
C.H. Liu, Deputy Director; telex: 21502 TAINUFOS; fax: +886-02-
391-0281.
o UNITED KINGDOM: Despite failing to attack France for its
South Pacific nuclear testing, Britain remains "green," according
to a Nov. 24 statement by Environment Secretary John Gummer.
Britain wants to see programs for testing and monitoring
environmental standards applied uniformly across the European
Union, he told a Brussels gathering of environmental officials.
The methods for achieving those goals, however, should be left to
each state, he said. Evidencing the need for harmonized standards,
Gummer said a water sample recently tested by each EU member
generated results differing by factors of up to 1,000. Contact:
Counsellor for Environment, British Embassy, 3100 Massachusetts
Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008; +1-202-462-1340.
o UNITED KINGDOM: If British packaging firms do not reduce the
massive annual buildup of solid waste for which they are respon-
sible, the government may take action, British Environment
Secretary Frank Dobson said Nov. 22. Dobson, speaking before the
packaging firm Incpen's annual lunch, said leaving it to companies
to do their best was not enough if the companies fail to take
responsibility for the problem. The European Union is considering
a packaging waste directive that require member states recycle 50-
60 percent of all packaging waste by 2001. The recovered material
will be used in incinerators or be reused. Dobson said preventing
waste creation is preferable to reuse. Calling for companies,
local governments and citizens groups to cooperate, Dobson said a
failure to set targets will mean nothing will be accomplished.
Contact: Counsellor for Environment, British Embassy, 3100
Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008; +1-202-462-1340;
fax: +1-202-898-4224.
o U.S./MEXICO: Comprehensive environmental policy plans for the
border area should be ready by January. Officials from both
nations are reviewing comments on draft plans from local
authorities. The final draft will guide governmental actions along
the border until 2000 and include provisions for dealing with
water, air, toxic waste, enforcement, prevention of damage, emer-
gency response capacity, natural resources and public information.
For more information, contact Jose Luis Samaniego, Mexican
Secretariat of Environment, +51-5-628-0602.
o U.S./EU: The American Chamber of Commerce's European Union
Committee, located in Belgium released its 1996 EU Environment
Guide Nov. 28. The guide reviews EU environmental policies,
including rules on waste management, hazardous chemicals, and air
and water pollution. Also included is an organization chart for
the European Commission's environment arm, Directorate General XI,
plus contact names and fax and telephone numbers. Contact: EU
Committee of the American Chamber of Commerce in Belgium, Ave. des
Arts 50, Box 5, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium; +32-2-513-68-92; fax:
+32-2-513-79-28.
o VIETNAM: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
visited Vietnam last week to study plans to develop a nuclear
power industry. The visit is a fact-finding mission designed to
assess the feasibility of installing nuclear power facilities in
the country, according to a statement by Vietnam's Atomic Energy
Commission. Plans to use nuclear energy is in the early stages.
Neither sites nor reactor types have been selected, the commission
said. A full study of how nuclear energy could be used is to be
conducted next year. Hanoi has been considering a $3 billion
nuclear power plant project since July. Under the plan, the
facility would be built over the next 20 years. Although there
appears to be a high-level political commitment to investigate and
implement nuclear power, largely to accommodate economic expan-
sion, concerns about financing and waste storage remain. Vietnam,
a signatory to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, has one
experimental reactor.
Business Briefs
o CANADA: Cascades Inc. of Kingsey Falls, Quebec, announced
Nov. 22 its Recuperation Cascades Inc. unit has been awarded a
government contract for recycling waste paper from government
offices in the Ottawa area over the next five years. Cascades said
the contract is worth more than C$10 million. The company will
collect more than 13,000 metric tons of waste paper annually and
convert it into at the company's board and paper mills. The
contract becomes effective Feb. 1.
o CANADA: Philip Environmental Inc. of Hamilton, Ontario,
announced Nov. 30 it has bought CyanoKEM Inc. and ThermalKEM
Inc., from American NuKem Corp. CyanoKEM and ThermalKEM operate
chemical waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities in
Detroit, Mich., and Rock Hill, S.C. The plants are licensed to re-
ceive a variety of chemical and hazardous waste, Philip
Environmental said. The facilities are expected to generate
revenue C$20 million next year. Contact: Allen Fracassi, +1-905-
521-1600.
o FRANCE: Britain's Northumbrian Water, based in Newcastle,
agreed Nov. 23 to a 823 million pound takeover bid from the French
group Lyonnaise des Eaux, which said it will create a group to
generate "significant employment and investment opportunities" in
the region. Northumbrian, with low leakage levels and high
efficiency, is said to be one of the best water companies in
Britain. It owns Kielder Reservoir, the largest man-made lake in
Europe. Lyonnaise des Eaux, one of France's largest utilities,
already owns North East Water and has been aggressively buying
other British water, waste and construction firms. Northumbrian
Water also deals with sewage from 2.6 million people from the
Scottish border to the Teesside. On Nov. 30, London's Board of
Trade announced there is room for competition in the waste and
potable water industry, opening the door for the possibility con-
sumers will be allowed to choose their water company.
o PORTUGAL: Foster Wheeler divisions Power Systems Inc. and
Conception Etudes Entretien have been selected to design and build
a municipal solid waste power plant in Loures, Portugal, the
companies announced Nov. 27. The contract was let by Valorizacao e
Tratamento de Residuos Solidos da Area Metropolitana de Lisboa
S.A. The mother company, Foster Wheeler Corp., is headquartered in
Clinton, N.J. The plan will treat 2,000 tons of refuse from
Amadora, Lisbon, Loures and Villa Franca de Xira each day and
produce 41.5 megawatts of electric, which will be sold to
Electricidade de Portugal. Contact: Foster Wheeler, +1-908-730-
4000.
o MEXICO: Metalclad Co. of Newport Beach, Calif., announced
Nov. 24 it has won an agreement to open a hazardous waste
treatment plant at an existing but unused landfill in Mexico. The
facility will operate for five years. The agreement, signed by La
Procuraduria Federal de Proteccion al Ambiente and El Instituto de
Ecologia, will let Metalclad begin operating the facility in a few
weeks. Construction of the treatment facility was completed in
March but operation has been delayed by safety and environmental
impact studies. Metalclad also will remediate the existing waste
transfer station.
o UNITED KINGDOM: Waste management group Shanks & McEwan has
announced Rechem, its incineration company, will succeed despite a
falloff in overseas contracts. The company will benefit in coming
years from new landfill regulations, Shanks & McEwan said. "Waste
services should continue to perform satisfactorily and [the
company] will seek to expand its activities both geographically
and in new technologies," the company said.
END
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X-Google-Language: ENGLISH,ASCII-7-bit X-Google-Thread: f84dc,faf4e3c5169f1e4d,start X-Google-Attributes: gidf84dc,public From: bpinews@clark.net (Business Publishers Inc.) Subject: World Environment Report Date: 1996/01/06 Message-ID: <4cmlmv$5ht@clarknet.clark.net> X-Deja-AN: 134298583 content-type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=ISO-8859-1 organization: Business Publishers Inc. mime-version: 1.0 reply-to: bpinews@clark.net newsgroups: ca.water