🚀 go-pugleaf

Hello all,
I'm a college student from Canada and I would really appreciate some help in
doing the following chemistry problems. Any solution you may propose is very
welcome. Thanks.


#1. Consider the following ionization energies for the aluminium:

Al(g)--> Al+(g) + e-  I1 = 580kJ/mol

Al+(g)-->Al+2(g) + e-  I2 = 1815kJ/mol

Al+2(g)-->Al+3(g) + e-  I3 = 2740kJ/mol

Al+3(g)-->Al+4(g) + e-  I4 = 11600 kJ/mol

(a) Account for the trend in the values of ionization energies
(b) Explain the large increase between I3 and I4.
(c) Look up the definition of electron affinity and determine which of the
four ions has the greatest electron affinity. Explain.
(d) List the four aluminium ions given above in the order of  increasing
size, and explain your ordering.

#2. From the informations below, identify element X.

1. The wavelenght of the radio waves sent by an FM station broadcasting at
97.1 MHz is 30 million times greater then the wavelenght correspomding to
the energy difference between a particular excited state of the hydrogen
atom and the ground state.

2. Let V represent the principal quantum number of the valence shell of
element X. If an electron in the hydrogen atoms falls from energy level V to
the inner energy level corresponding to the excited state mentionned in part
1, the wavelenght of light emmited is the same as the wavelenght of an
electron moving at a speed of  570m/s.

3. The  number of unpaired electrons for element X is the same as the
maximum number of electrons has the maximum number of electrons inan atom
that can have the quantum number designations n=2, m1 = -1 and ms = -1/2.

4. Let A represent the principal quantum number for the electron in an
excitted He+ ion in which the single electron has the same energy as the
electron in the ground state of a hydrogen atom. This value of A represents
the angular momemtum quantum number for the orbital containing the unpaired
electron(s) for element X.

#3. Determine the Lewis structure for N2O. Taking into account the following
bond lenghts :

 N-N  167 pm    N=O  115 pm

 N=N  120 pm    N-O  147 pm

N=N  110 pm

Rationalize the observations that NN bond lenght in the N2O is 112 pm and
that the NO bond lenght is 119 pm. Assign formal charges to all possible
structures. Can you eliminate any structures on the basis of a formal charge
?