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Java In a Nutshell:
Java manipulates objects 'by reference,' but it passes object references 
to methods 'by value.'" As a result, you cannot write a standard swap 
method to swap objects. 

Java Q&A:
Q: If Java uses the pass-by reference, why won't a swap function work? 

A: Your question demonstrates a common error made by Java language newcomers. 
Indeed, even seasoned veterans find it difficult to keep the terms straight. 

Java does manipulate objects by reference, and all object variables are 
references. However, Java doesn't pass method arguments by reference; it
 passes them by value. 

Take the badSwap() method for example: 

public void badSwap(int var1, int var2)

{

  int temp = var1;

  var1 = var2;

  var2 = temp;

}

When badSwap() returns, the variables passed as arguments will still hol
d their original values. The method will also fail if we change the argu
ments type from int to Object, since Java passes object references by va
lue as well.


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