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From: kuszewsk@euler.biology.yale.edu (John Kuszewski)
Date: 13 May 91 19:29:55 GMT
>
>Hi!
>
>Can anyone send me some good references on VLIW?  On a related note, 
>Teraplex,  
>Inc. (Champaign, IL) was working on a VLIW-based processor called the "MISC"  
>(minimal inst. set computing) chip.  They seem to have given up.  Does anyone  
>have any more details?
>
>---
>John Kuszewski
>kuszewsk@euler.biology.yale.edu

VLIW refs:
==========

Any early work by Josh Fisher circa 1977-1985 from Yale.  Several
papers.

A compiler for the Yale ELI VLIW:
John R. Ellis, 1986, _Bulldog: A Compiler for VLIW
Architectures_, Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press

Excellent in-depth article describing Multiflow Trace:
Robert Colwell, et al., "A VLIW Architecture for a Trace
Scheduling Compiler", IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol 37, No.
8, p967-969

Patterson and Hennessy discuss a VLIW extension to their DLX
machine.  However, they do not look at it favorably (if I read
between the lines correctly (oh, this is in Computer
Architecture, A Quantitative Approach, of course)).

FPS machines:
Alan Charlesworth, "An Approach to Scientific Array Processing:
The Architectural Design of the AP-120B/FPS-164 Family", IEEE
Computer, 1981, vol 14, no 8 (sept), 18-27

Woodrow Wittmayer, "Array Processor Provides High Throughput
Rates", IEEE Computer, 1978, march, 93-100

Good coverage of AP-120B:
Kai Hwang and Faye Briggs, _Computer Architecture and parallel
Processing_, 1984

(Note on the AP-120B and FPS-164:  I am not sure if these
qualify as VLIWs, although I am pretty sure they are.  They are
back-end processors attached to a host computer.  I believe that
box (if that is correct) itself is a full-fledged VLIW, and that
the host uses the processor by giving high-level commands, if you
will, and the processor executes them by executing a hand-coded,
highly optimized sort of subroutine in its native language.  The
AP-120B has(had) only a Multiplier and a Divider (floating point
that is), so transcendentals and such would have to be handled be
a subroutine of some sort.  I can post a more detailed
description at a later date, but I suggest reading the Hwang and
Briggs ref first, then one or both of the other articles.)

Ellis mentions a system called the MARS-432, although I have not
found any published literature on this system.

There is a description of an ECL version of the Multiflow Trace
that was given at Supercomputing '90.  I have not seen this
reference.

Trace scheduling is important for VLIWs (exploitation of
fine-grained parallelism).  See Ellis and Fisher papers for this. 
I believe that several other compilation/scheduling methods arose
from trace:  percolation scheduling is one.

(I realize that some of this is a bit sketchy, but I am in the
process of moving, and my notes are packed away.)

Robert M. Bultman
Speed Scientific School
University of Louisville