Article View: comp.dsp
Article #1238Re: Optimizing frequency reolution with DFT
From: Joe Campbell
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 1992 18:49
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 1992 18:49
73 lines
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3827 bytes
In article <3061@news.cerf.net> jcbhrb@nic.cerf.net (Jacob Hirbawi) writes: >In comp.dsp, <dak.718418083@messua> >David Kastrup , <dak@messua.informatik.rwth-aachen.de> writes: > >> sjreeves@eng.auburn.edu (Stan Reeves) writes: >> >> >In order to optimize the tradeoff between main lobe width and side lobe >> >height, one has to have a criterion. Do you want more resolution and more >> >variance or do you want less variance and less resolution? I suppose that >> >one could come up with a criterion based on expected mean-square error >> >between the estimated and actual power spectrum, but I don't know of any >> >neat closed-form expressions for this. > >> Well, if you define bandwidth (and timespread) as the variance of a >> similar-spread probability density function, you get a sort of >> square mean error. The product of the time width and the bandwidth >> is limited downwards, it cannot get better than an optimum, that is >> provided by a gaussian curve which again transforms into a Gaussian >> in the frequency domain. You cannot get any better, but this is definitely >> a closed-form expression. So mean square criterions will not get you >> too far, but will show you the direction. > >This is all very true for the measures of optimality you have described. >There are at least three differnet sets of parameters that we often deal >with in this kind of work; I think it will be helpful to list them here: > > (1.1) minimize time-domain "variance" > (1.2) minimize frequency-domain "variance" > > (2.1) minimize mainlobe width > (2.2) minimize sidelobe level > > (3.1) maximize energy within a time interval > (3.2) maximize energy within a freuquency band > >In the first case where "variance" of a function is defined by > > <x^2> - <x>^2 > >where < H > is defined as: integral( H f(x) f^*(x) dx ). >Then the optimal functions are in fact as you have noted guassian. >(please excuse the mixing up of continuous functions with discrete windows) > >In the second case, if I remember right, the Tchebychev windows actually >minimize mainlobe width for a given sidelobe level. There is definitely >a closed form solution for these. > >In the third case the optimal functions are Prolate Spheroidal functions >which are approximated by Kaiser-Bessel windows; these windows also have a >closed form solution. > >Jacob Hirbawi >JcbHrb@CERF.net I'd like to add my favorite window design criterion: Lineu C. Barbosa, "A Maximum-Energy-Concentration Spectral Window," IBM J. Res. Develop., Vol. 30, No. 3, May 1986, p. 321-325. An elegant method for designing a time-discrete solution for realization of a spectral window which is ideal from an energy concentration viewpoint. This window is one that concentrates the maximum amount of energy in a specified bandwidth and hence provides optimal spectral resolution. Unlike Kaiser windows, this window is a discrete-time realization having the same objectives as the continuous-time prolate spheroidal function; at the expense of not having a closed form solution. Joe -- ............................................................................. ; Joe Campbell N3JBC jpcampb@afterlife.ncsc.mil 74040.305@compuserve.com ; ; My opinions are mine! Happiness = Reality - Expectations, Click & Clack ; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Path: arc1-ca.pugleaf.net!sparky!uunet!dtix!mimsy!afterlife!jpcampb From: jpcampb@afterlife.ncsc.mil (Joe Campbell) Newsgroups: comp.dsp Subject: Re: Optimizing frequency reolution with DFT Message-ID: <1992Oct10.184945.14163@afterlife.ncsc.mil> Date: 10 Oct 92 18:49:45 GMT References: <3061@news.cerf.net> Organization: The Great Beyond Lines: 73