🚀 go-pugleaf

In article <305@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu> windley@iris.ucdavis.edu (Phil Windley) writes:
>In article <275@nih-csl.UUCP> keith@nih-csl.UUCP (keith gorlen) writes:
>>          since C++ is strongly typed, 
>
>Can C++ (or any of the others in this contest) be weakly typed as well
>as strongly typed?  Does the programmer have any control over this?
>Any advantages to letting the programmer have a choice?  Just curious.
>

Isn't the difference more between static and dynamic typing than between
weak and strong typing ?

Admitted, C is not very strongly typed. But when you compare Objective-C and
C++, the difference is elsewhere. In C++, the typing is static, that is you
check the validity of your expressions at compilation time, and if necessary
the compiler does automatic type casting (C++ is VERY good at that!!). In
Objective-C, at least in the "object environment", the typing is completely
dynamic : at compile time you only translate a message [object message] into
a call to the _msg() function, which at run time searches for the right
method in the class tables.

This provides dynamic binding in Objective-C. In C++, you have to declare a
function as virtual to get a limited dynamic binding.

What is better? It depends what you do. Objective-C will give you a less
rigid environment, but you lose strictness and a bit efficiency. In addition,
if your concern is to write reliable code (in the sofware engineering
sense), you might want to have most problems detected at compile time; then
C++ is for you. If you want to write a prototype without knowing exactly all
the aspects of the final product, but with more efficiency than Smalltalk,
go for Objective-C.

The debate is one between two philosophies in object-oriented programming:
the Smalltalk approach and the Simula (or C++) approach. To put it
schematically, and not very strictly (please do not flame me on this, I'm
just having a little fun generalizing), we can say that:

   In Smalltalk or Objective-C everything which is not explicitely
prohibited is allowed.
   In Simula-67 or C++ everything which is not explicitely authorized (or
let us say planned in advance) is prohibited.

Any comments?

--- Karl Tombre @ CRIN (Centre de Recherche en Informatique de Nancy)
EMAIL : tombre@crin.crin.fr  --   tombre@crin.UUCP
POST  : Karl Tombre, CRIN, B.P. 239, 54506 VANDOEUVRE CEDEX, France
PHONE : +33  83.91.21.25