🚀 go-pugleaf

shang@corp.mot.com (David (Lujun) Shang) writes:

>In article <1992Jul19.151041.5458@taumet.com> steve@taumet.com (Steve Clamage)  
>> The proposals have been to allow runtime type information only for types
>> with virtual functions.  (Some questions were raised this past week at the
>> C++ meeting about type information for built-in types, but that doesn't
>> apply to this discussion.)  Type information would then be tied to the
>> virtual table for the type.  There would be no space overhead in any
>> object.  (The type information is per class type, not per object.)
>> 

>You still need reverse information for classes with virtual functions for a  
>proper downcast from a virtual base to the derived.

That is part of the RTTI, not necessarily stored in the object.  Example:

class b1 { ... };
class b2 { ... };
class d : virtual public b1, virtual public b2 { ... };
class e : virtual public b1, public d { ... };

b1 *p = ...;

Variable p will point to some object of type b1, d, or e.  To cast from
b1* to e*, we use a "checked cast", which looks up the type information
at run time.  The data needed for the conversion is part of the type
info.  Typically, the virtual base is contiguous with the rest of the
object, so only an offset is needed.  Non-contiguous virtual bases
cause a number of problems which the implementation would have to
solve, including this problem.

We don't need to specify in the standard something which turns out to
be perfectly efficient for any conceivable implementation.  The
standard does not require virtual tables or pointers to them, for
example, but merely allows them.  Less-efficient implementations are
possible and allowable.  More efficient implementations might be
possible with smarter compilers and linkers, and would likewise be
allowable.

An implementation which required reverse pointers in objects would
still be allowable, but users would probably vote with their purchase
orders for other implementations.
-- 

Steve Clamage, TauMetric Corp, steve@taumet.com
Vice Chair, ANSI C++ Committee, X3J16