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Article #387Bandwidth, bandwidth, clock speed, and (mostly) bandwidth (was: What are people paying for when they by a supercomputer?)
From: J. Giles
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 18:59
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 18:59
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That's what's needed. You need bandwidth between the CPU and the memory. What's the use of a GFlop machine if you can only feed it at full speed through a narrow cache? A *large* cache maybe will do, but then the cache is the *real* memory of the machine and what you're calling memory is really solid-state disk. You need bandwidth between the memory and the external storage devices. What's the use of a fast machine if it requires lots of idle cycles while swaps and/or page-faults are handled? You need bandwidth among the CPUs. What's the point of having more than one processor if they spend lots of idle cycles waiting for interprocessor communications? The CPU need be no faster than all this bandwidth can effectively *feed*. That's why some of the most costly components of supercomputers are memory, I/O channels, solid-state disks, fast magnetic disks, etc.. To be sure, there are some algorithms which can use up a lot of CPU cycles without needing much memory access, much less much other communication. Such algorithms can give the so-called "super-micros" some really impressive benchmark numbers. But, if they don't have the bandwidth, such "super-micros" are really very super. And if they *do* have the bandwidth, they end up costing in the same ballpark as existing mainframe supercomputers. -- J. Giles
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Newsgroups: comp.sys.super Path: arc1-ca.pugleaf.net!sparky!uunet!charon.amdahl.com!pacbell.com!sgiblab!sdd.hp.com!cs.utexas.edu!hellgate.utah.edu!lanl!cochiti.lanl.gov!jlg From: jlg@cochiti.lanl.gov (J. Giles) Subject: Bandwidth, bandwidth, clock speed, and (mostly) bandwidth (was: What are people paying for when they by a supercomputer?) Message-ID: <1992Nov18.185914.21462@newshost.lanl.gov> Sender: news@newshost.lanl.gov Organization: Los Alamos National Laboratory References: <JET.92Nov17104503@boxer.nas.nasa.gov> <1992Nov17.192804.4410@news.eng.convex.com> <JET.92Nov17165616@boxer.nas.nasa.gov> <1992Nov18.155005.22300@eagle.lerc.nasa.gov> Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 18:59:14 GMT Lines: 29