🚀 go-pugleaf

I am trying to convert a paper to TeX.  I've had about six hours
to learn the program, and wonder whether anyone can help with a few items I'm
having trouble finding in the TeX manual's index.

1-How can I tell TeX to leave space for me to paste in a figure and figure
caption after it is mentioned in the text?  Can TeX figure out where to place
the extra space in relation to the sizes of the paragraphs and equations, or
do I have to specify the exact spot for placement?  What command(s) do I use
for any of this?

2-Is there a way to tell TeX not to allow widows or orphans, or section
headings at the bottom of pages, or, again, do I have to fix each case as it
occurs?

Thanks for your TeXpertise!   CCM