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Started by uunetmollyvlcek Jim Vlcek
Wed, 29 Dec 1993 16:14
comp.unix.unixware Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Author: uunetmollyvlcek Jim Vlcek
Date: Wed, 29 Dec 1993 16:14
Date: Wed, 29 Dec 1993 16:14
1610 lines
63889 bytes
63889 bytes
Archive-name: unix-faq/unixware/general
Last-modified: Wed Dec 29 15:55:05 GMT 1993
Version: 1.0
This is the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) list for the Usenet newsgroup
comp.unix.unixware and the Univel mailing list (univel-request@telly.on.ca).
This FAQ is posted to comp.unix.unixware and related groups, including
news.answers and comp.answers, roughly one a month. Readers of this FAQ with
access to the Internet should be able to find this document archived in the
news.answers archive at rtfm.mit.edu and available by anonymous ftp. The
location of this FAQ is:
rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/unix-faq/unixware/general
I welcome comments and/or suggestions from interested readers. Particularly
useful are suggestions for FAQs which are written up in Q/A form. Please
send your comments and/or suggestions to
uunet!molly!vlcek (uucp)
molly!vlcek@uunet.uu.net (Internet)
Please state in your email whether I may print your name and/or email address
along with the FAQ information you have provided. Printing these may result
in other Net or mailing list readers contacting you, thus I will not print
them unless explicitly authorized.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The FAQ is divided into four main categories:
(G) General, for items of nonspecific interest
(U) User, for items of interest to general users
(S) SysAdmin, for items of interest to UnixWare system administrators
(D) Developer, for items of interest to software developers/programmers
Each question in the fact is preceded by the text string "Subject: " (to
enable newsreaders to identify the individual FAQs) and a unique question
number. A complete listing of these question numbers follows:
G1) What is UnixWare?
G2) Where can I purchase UnixWare?
G3) How much does UnixWare cost?
G4) What are UnixWare's hardware requirements? Does it run on a PC?
G5) Which system vendors will sell you a machine with UnixWare installed?
G6) What is the UnixWare "Personal Edition"?
G7) What is the UnixWare "Application Server"?
G8) Are there any books I can read/purchase about UnixWare?
G9) How about review articles on UnixWare?
G10) Are there anonymous ftp / mail server sites with UnixWare archives?
G11) Why does Univel have a Sun system as its FTP server?
G12) Where can I get online information on UnixWare?
G13) Where can I get a hardware compatibility list for UnixWare?
G14) Where can I find a driver for [accelerated graphics card]?
G15) I have release 1.0; how do I get my release 1.1 upgrade?
G16) What has been upgraded in release 1.1?
U1) Are there any books I can read/purchase about UnixWare?
U2) Can I run DOS/Windows programs under UnixWare?
U3) Can DOS NetWare users log in to a UnixWare box via IPX?
U4) Are there CD-ROM of freeware binaries precompiled for UnixWare?
U5) Why can't I type in an "at sign" (@) at a command prompt?
U6) How can I access the standard UNIX `man' pages from the command line?
S1) What books on UnixWare system administration might I read/purchase?
S2) What traditional Unix utilities have been left out of the UnixWare PE/AS?
S3) Does UnixWare come with TCP/IP and/or NFS?
S4) Will UnixWare 1.1 have TCP/IP bundled with the Personal Edition?
S5) Can I replace the stock UnixWare X server with something faster?
S6) Why can't I access the CD-ROM drive after I've just installed from it?
S7) Why does my data comm package lose characters constantly at high speeds?
S8) How can I make or get an emergency boot floppy?
S9) How do I set a dialup password on UnixWare for a specific port?
S10) How do I configure electronic mail on UnixWare?
S11) How many updates are there, what are they, and where do I get them?
S12) How do I know which updates I've already got installed?
S13) How can I make the `man' pages accessible from the command line?
S14) Are there disk compression utilties for UnixWare?
S15) How do I install a package downloaded from one of the ftp servers?
S16) How can I speed up the loading of Windows programs from floppies?
D1) What books on UnixWare programming might I read/purchase?
D2) Are there alternatives for programmers to the UnixWare SDK?
D3) I installed the Prime Time SDK, and now I can't log in?!
D4) Will UnixWare version 1.1 bundle Motif?
D5) How do I avoid problems programming with the UCB compatibility libraries?
D6) Where can I get Emacs?
D7) How can I compile X clients without a complete X11 source tree?
QUESTIONS
GENERAL
Subject: G1) What is UnixWare?
UnixWare is Novell's Unix offering, combining Unix System V Release 4.2 for
80x86 processors with NetWare client connectivity, DOS Merge, Motif, support
and documentation. It provides a graphical user interface based on the X11R5
windowing system, and is capable of running Unix, DOS, and/or Windows
programs.
UnixWare, first released in November 1992, was the product of a jointly-owned
venture, named Univel, between Novell and Unix Systems Laboratories (USL,
then a part of AT&T). In the spring of 1993, Novell completed its
acquisition of USL and, by extension, Univel. USL and Univel have since been
folded into the newly-formed Novell Unix Systems Group (USG, the namesake of
an earlier group by the same name at AT&T). One still sees the Univel name
frequently, but it is being gradually phased out over time. In this FAQ, I
will use the phrase "Novell USG" to refer to the Unix Systems Group where
once "Univel" would have been used.
The current version of UnixWare is version 1.0. Release 1.1 has been frozen
and is now moving to manufacturing/shipping. The best current guess for the
availability date for end users is mid-January.
The "UNIX" trademark, previously owned by AT&T and then deeded to USL, passed
to Novell with the acquisition of USL. After a brief period of negotiations
with rival Unix vendors Sun Microsystems, Santa Cruz Operation, International
Business Machines, and Hewlett-Packard, Novell deeded the UNIX trademark to
X/Open Co. Ltd., an Open Systems industry standards branding agent based in
the United Kingdom. Henceforth, the granting of licenses for the trademark
UNIX will be handled exclusively by X/Open; eventually, licenses will be
granted only for products which exhibit conformance with the so-called
Spec1170, a set of 1,170 applications programming interfaces (APIs) drawn
from the following standards:
IEEE Portable Operating System's Interface (POSIX) 1003.1
AT&T's System V Interface Definition SVIDIII
X/Open's XPG-4 interface specification
"Use-based" APIs drawn from an assortment of third-party vendors
Strict conformance to Spec1170 has not yet been implemented by X/Open (to my
knowledge, no current commercial UNIX offering is fully conformant with
Spec1170) to allow grandfathering in of existing UNIX flavors. Strict
conformance will likely be implemented by late 1994 or 1995.
Subject: G2) Where can I purchase UnixWare?
You can contact Novell USG for reseller information at 1-800-879-6168 between
the hours:
Monday through Friday 5AM-6PM Pacific Time
Saturday 8AM-2PM Pacific Time
Another vendor offering UnixWare, including mixes of options not available
from Univel, is the Information Foundation. They can be reached at by phone
at (303) 572-6486 or 1-800-GET-UNIX, or via email at "sales@if.com".
Every mail-order software house I've contacted so far has carried UnixWare.
This includes the following:
Computer Discount Warehouse Programmer's Paradise
1-800-891-4CDW 1-800-445-7899
ASAP Software Express Inmac
1-800-248-ASAP 1-800-323-6905
Subject: G3) How much does UnixWare cost?
So far, Information Foundation appears to be the price leader by offering the
UnixWare Personal Edition for $166 (CD-ROM version only). The last I heard,
Univel's list price was $249, although that may have since changed. Dealer
prices may beat both of these.
Subject: G4) What are UnixWare's hardware requirements? Does it run on a PC?
Yes, UnixWare runs on PCs. The necessary hardware configuration for
installing and running UnixWare is:
* A personal computer running an Intel 80386 or higher processor
with a minimum speed of 25MHz.
The ISA, EISA, and MCA bus architectures are supported.
* A minimum of 8MB RAM for the Personal Edition.
* A minimum of 12 MB RAM for the Application Server.
* A minimum 80MB hard disk for the Personal Edition.
* A minimum 120 MB hard disk for the Application Server.
* A minimum 40MB if you have a second hard disk (optional).
* A 3.5-inch or 5.25-inch diskette drive for booting UnixWare.
* A serial, bus, or PS/2-compatible mouse is recommended, but not required.
Evan Leibovitch (evan@telly.on.ca) notes that, while UnixWare does not
absolutely require a 3.5" diskette drive, it is a practical necessity in real
world usage. Many useful/necessary packages only come on 3.5" media.
Eric Raymond used to post in the Usenet group comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit a
guide to hardware compatibility for Unix versions that run on Intel-based
hardware. While not specifically devoted to UnixWare, it was handy for
discussions of the difficulties that may be encountered in installing Unix on
PC hardware. Unfortunately, nothing has been heard from Raymond in recent
times and, while you can probably find a copy of the last version of the
pc-clone hardware guide in the rtfm.mit.edu archives, the information therein
is getting more dated by the minute.
Subject: G5) Which system vendors will sell you a machine with UnixWare
installed?
I do not currently have an official list of vendors offering bundled
UnixWare. Can anyone supply one?
I _do_ know that AST Research offers UnixWare bundled on its machines, as the
infamous October SunWorld article on Unix-on-Intel mentioned that they
stripped the bundled UnixWare off their AST in order to experience the "joy"
of reinstalling it. Call:
AST Research
1-800-876-4AST
Mobius Computer of Pleasanton CA will sell you an Intel box with UnixWare
preinstalled, among other Unix offerings:
Mobius Computer
5627 Stoneridge Drive,
Building 312
Pleasanton, CA 94588-8503
(800) MOBIUS1
(510) 460-5252
FAX (510) 460-5249
Mobius does have email access, although they don't seem to attach the same
importance to it that Usenet readers would. They don't list a general sales
or info address; you might try sales@mobius.com or info@mobius.com.
Sound Software Ltd. of Brampton Ontario resells UnixWare as software alone,
or bundled with an Intel box:
Sound Software Ltd.
20 Abelard Avenue,
Brampton, Ontario Canada
L6Y 2K8
(905) 452-0504
(905) 452-9754 FAX
sound@telly.on.ca
Subject: G6) What is the UnixWare "Personal Edition"?
The UnixWare "Personal Edition" is the desktop version of UnixWare. The
following laundry list is lifted from Information Foundation's bounce-back
email information server:
UnixWare Personal Edition
UNIX System V Release 4.2 Base System
Printer Support
Network Support Utilities
Graphics Utilities
Enhanced Application Compatibility
Adobe Type Manager
TypeScaler Fonts
Networked Graphics
X11 Windowing System
Graphical Desktop Manager
Windowing Korn Shell
CD-ROM File System Support
Ethernet Hardware Support
Token Ring Hardware Support
European Language Supplement
DOS Merge for DOS/Windows Support
Novell Network Services
Subject: G7) What is the UnixWare "Application Server"?
As the name implies, the Application Server is the server version of
UnixWare. Originally, at least, the idea was that an enterprise network
would be built up of DOS, Windows, and UnixWare clients, with a NetWare box
providing file services and a UnixWare AS running applications which would
display on the PE clients. I don't know if this is still the plan or not.
The laundry list (again lifted from the IF literature) is:
UnixWare Application Server
Personal Edition (Unlimited User License)
Personal Utilities
TCP/IP & NFS
where UnixWare Personal Utilities =
Advanced UNIX Utilities
BSD Compatibility
Advanced Administration Utilities
Subject: G8) Are there any books I can read/purchase about UnixWare?
The manuals you get with UnixWare are pretty slim indeed, and you'll probably
find yourself needing one or more of the UNIX Press books on Unix SVR4.2 to
supplement the bundled documentation. The following is a complete list of
the Unix SVR4.2 series (ISBNs being added as I determine them):
Title ISBN #
- User's Series -
Guide to the Unix Desktop
User's Guide 0-13-017708-3
- Administration Series -
Basic System Administration 0-13-142573-7
Advanced System Administration 0-13-042565-6
Network Administration 0-13-017633-8
- Programming Series -
UNIX Software Development
Programming in Standard C 0-13-017666-4
Programming with UNIX System Calls
Character User Interface Programming
Graphical User Interface Programming
Network Programming Interfaces 0-13-017641-9
- Reference Series -
Command Reference (a-l)
Command Reference (m-z)
Operating System API Reference 0-13-017658-3
Windowing System Reference
System Files and Devices Reference
Device Driver Reference
To order single copies of this documentation, call (515) 284-6761.
For bulk purchases (more than 30 copies), contact
Corporate Sales Dept.
PTR Prentice Hall
113 Sylvan Avenue
Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632
(201) 592-2863
(201) 592-2249
Samuel Ko (kko@sfu.ca or sko@wimsey.bc.ca) maintains the "Concise Guide to
UNIX Books", which is posted regularly to the Usenet newsgroups
misc.books.technical, alt.books.technical, biz.books.technical,
comp.unix.questions, comp.unix.wizards, comp.unix.admin, comp.answers, and
news.answers. It can also be downloaded from the Internet via anonymous ftp
at rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/books/unix. This list contains many
titles of interest to UNIX users both new and old, and is well worth the
trouble to acquire.
Subject: G9) How about review articles on UnixWare?
The June 15, 1993 PC Magazine reviewed UnixWare favorably, rating it the
Editor's Choice for "Intel Unix" above Consensys V4.2, Dell Unix (RIP),
Interactive, SCO Open Desktop, NeXTStep on Intel and Solaris x86. (Note that
the last two were reviewed prior to release.) The review concluded ``This
just may be the Unix for the masses.''
UnixWorld magazine profiled UnixWare over a two-part series in the July and
August 1993 issues. UnixWorld looked at UnixWare from the traditional Unix
user's point of view, predicting that ``power Unix users will dismiss
UnixWare out of hand,'' but also noting the advantages of the tight
integration with NetWare. The UnixWorld reviews are probably much more
useful to a system administrator than an ordinary user.
Byte Magazine, after a September 1992 "Is Unix dead?" cover story that looks
rather silly now in retrospect, gave UnixWare (then still in beta) a friendly
reception in its January 1993 issue. ``On features alone, UnixWare is one
hot number: networked file, mail, printer, and application sharing; NetWare
client connectivity; DOS compatibility; high-performance multitasking and
virtual memory; a network-capable windowing system with scalable Adobe Type
Manager fonts; two levels of hypertext help -- and these are just the highest
of the high points'' opined the Byte reviewer (Tom Yager
[tyager@bytepb.byte.com], Byte's Multimedia Lab).
Subject: G10) Are there anonymous ftp / mail server sites with UnixWare
archives?
Univel provides an anonymous ftp service at gateway.univel.com (137.65.12.1),
also known as ftp.univel.com. UnixWare binaries of handy things like the GNU
development tools, perl, Seyon and GhostScript are starting to show up there.
Novell also has an anonymous ftp service at ftp.novell.com (137.65.4.1).
UnixWare files can be found under ~ftp/pub/unixware.
The helpful bunch at Novell Germany have set up UnixWare archives at
ftp.novell.de (193.97.1.1), or accessed as devnull.novell.de if coming from
the United States (much faster).
The US4BINR archive contains binaries for UNIX System V Release 4 for 386/486
PCs, including UnixWare. From the US4BINR mail server:
US4BINR is now available on wuarchive.wustl.edu in the
/systems/svr4-pc directory. wuarchive.wustl.edu supports both
anonymous FTP and NFS mount. wuarchive is the primary
site for this project.
The mail server is still available. For help, send mail to
request@us4binr.login.qc.ca with the simple message (no special
subject).
begin
reply your_email_adress
help
quit
Another mailserver site for UnixWare binaries and sources is
mail-server@uel.co.uk
To obtain an index of the contents, send an email to that address with the
following contents:
begin
mail <reply-address>
send INDEX
end
Subject: G11) Why does Univel have a Sun system as its FTP server?
Pat Campbell of Novell USG writes:
When Univel decided to support a ftp site we looked
around for a "spare" system to use. All UnixWare
capable systems were on developers desks or in the
testing lab. There was a Sun machine available,
so we used it.
The ftp site in Germany is a UnixWare system, so
obviously UnixWare does work as an ftp server.
I have heard rumors that the ftp server will soon
be a UnixWare system, as soon as a new machine can
be budgeted in. I personally think this is a waste
of time, it works why change it?
Hear, hear.
Subject: G12) Where can I get online information on UnixWare?
*** PHONE ***
Quoting from UnixWare documentation:
``You can speak with a Univel representative regarding Univel product
information and services Monday through Friday between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00
p.m. Mountain Standard Time.
``Univel's main telephone numbers are:
``* U.S. and Canada: 1-800-4-UNIVEL (1-800-486-4835)
* International: 801-568-8548
* Germany (European Support Center): +49-211-5277-744 (support for Europe,
Middle East, and Africa)
* Australia: +61-2-925-3000
* Hong Kong: +852-827-2223
* Japan: +81-3-5481-1141''
*** FAX ***
You can call the 1-800-4UNIVEL number outside of their normal business hours
and reach the USG FAX hot line (option 1), which enables you to have UnixWare
information FAXed back to you.
The FAX hot line will ask you for the document number of the information
packet you'd like. You will also be given an option to receive one of four
catalogs:
Catalog # Description
2 Product information and beta programs
3 Reseller information
4 Developer's programs and information
5 Univel education programs
The most useful of these is catalog 2, which includes a listing of some
important available documents. This is probably the best bet for a
first-time user. Some useful document numbers for starters are:
2000 How to use the FaxBack service
2020 UnixWare product data sheets (4 pages)
2025 Personal Edition details (excerpted from Buyer's Guide, 8 pages)
2030 Application Server details (excerpted from Buyer's Guide, 9 pages)
Comments and/or suggestions regarding UnixWare can be FAXed back to USG at
408-473-8774.
*** COMPUSERVE ***
Novell maintains a UnixWare forum on CompuServe. If you have a CompuServe ID
and wish to access this form, type:
GO UNIXWARE
at any CompuServe prompt. There are message sections for General
Information, Product Information, Developers, DOS Merge, Installation, X
Windows, Networking, Device Drivers, Printing, Communications, Applications,
Bug Watchers, and Updates.
If you do not have a CompuServe ID, contact CompuServe Customer Service at
800-848-8990 or 614-457-8650 for information on setting up an account.
*** USENET ***
If you have access to Usenet, look into the newsgroups comp.unix.unixware or
biz.univel.misc (being replaced by comp.unix.unixware). These are forums for
the discussion of all issues related to UnixWare. Other newsgroups possibly
of interest to UnixWare users are comp.unix.sys5.r4 (for discussions relating
to the System V Release 4 version of Unix, which includes Novell's UnixWare)
and comp.unix.misc (for miscellaneous discussions of Unix).
If you do not have access to Usenet, you have a variety of options. If you
have access to a Unix system, chances are good that it may already provide
Usenet access - particularly if it is at an academic or research site. If
you do not have access to a Unix system, your best bet is to get an account
with one of the increasing number of public-access Unix systems being set up
by entrepreneurial Unix sysadmins. You can find the contact phone numbers
for such systems in any one of the many books on the Internet now beginning
to flood the popular press.
*** MAILING LIST ***
The comp.unix.unixware/biz.univel.misc newsgroup is gatewayed into a mailing
list for the benefit of those users with email, but not Usenet, access. I
quote from Evan Leibovitch's instructions for that list:
TO SUBSCRIBE/UNSUBSCRIBE/GET HELP/ETC:
Send an appropriate message to any *one* of the following addresses,
each of which is addressed to the list server mechanism at this site
(listed in order of my preference):
listproc@telly.on.ca
univel-request@telly.on.ca
listserv@telly.on.ca
The body of your message should contain one of the following lines
*AS ITS ONLY CONTENT*:
subscribe univel Your_Full_Name (Not your e-mail address, the system
will pick that up from the headers.)
unsubscribe univel
recipients univel (gets a list of subscribers)
help (duh.)
*** EMAIL ***
Novell USG has recently set up a email box for support queries:
unixware@novell.com
Email sent to this address will be automatically directed to the appropriate
staff members at USG, so long as the message body of the letter is
constructed from a form template currently being set up. Pointers to the
form template will be posted in this FAQ as soon as it is available. In the
meantime, Novell USG asks:
``we ask that you be specific in your questions and that you
include all pertinent information (i.e. updates installed, controllers,
peripherals, RAM, Video, SoftWare used, versions, detailed problem
descriptions, etc. etc.).''
Similarly, queries regarding product information can be sent to:
prodinfo@novell.com
Before Novell USG announced its email address for UnixWare support, a helpful
group of three members of European Univel Support set up an email address to
which users could send questions about UnixWare. This email alias was:
univel@novell.de
and will still probably generate responses.
*** FTP ***
Novell maintains an official UnixWare FTP site at gateway.univel.com. To
access this server, you will of course need Internet access. Type
ftp gateway.univel.com
At the login prompt, type
anonymous
When it asks for a password, enter your full email address.
*** WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) ***
Novell maintains a World Wide Web (WWW) server at:
http://WWW.Novell.COM/
European sites may prefer to visit
http://www.novell.de/
Via the WWW server at www.novell.com, you can submit product inquiries and
technical support queries without having to use the email form templates.
Plus, there's quite a bit of documentation there to be perused.
For xmosaic to access the WWW server:
ftp to ftp.novell.com and look in ~ftp/pub/xmosaic for
xmosaic-unixware.tar.Z
Sources are available from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in ~ftp/Web.
Andrew Josey (andrew@uel.co.uk) advises of another location for xmosaic
binaries:
We have also added a pkgadd format package for mosaic including
a class database and icon to allow graphical point and click startup.
This is on our mail-server (mail-server@uel.co.uk). To receive it,
send an email to that address with the following contents:
begin
mail <reply-address>
send BINARIES/mosaic-2.0.tar
end
(There is also a mosaic-2.0.README that is obtained in the same fashion.)
Send comments on the WWW services to `webmaster@novell.com'
Subject: G13) Where can I get a hardware compatibility list for UnixWare?
Call 1-800-4-UNIVEL (1-800-486-4835; 801-568-8548 outside the US), select
option 1, and you will be connected to the Univel FAX hotline. You can then
follow the prompts to order a catalog of FAX titles, from which you can
choose the particular item you need. Be aware that the complete UnixWare
compatibility guide now exceeds 80 pages and is split into several sections.
These are listed below, along with their FAX hotline document number (the
size of the document in pages is printed in parentheses):
Introduction 2041 Video Adapters (13)
2035 Computer Systems (14) 2042 Multivideo Adapters
2036 Host Adapters (7) 2043 Terminal Servers (1)
2037 Network Adapters (8) 2044 X Terminals (4)
2038 Tape Drives (5) 2045 Pointing Devices (2)
2039 Mass Storage Devices (8) 2046 Printing Solutions (2)
2040 Multiport Adapters (13) 2047 Hardware Vendors Contact List (4)
As noted earlier, Eric Raymond periodically posts in the Usenet group
comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit a guide to hardware compatibility for Unix versions
that run on Intel-based hardware. While not specifically devoted to
UnixWare, it is handy for discussions of the difficulties that may be
encountered in installing Unix on PC hardware.
Subject: G14) Where can I find a driver for [accelerated graphics card]?
Try ftp'ing to ftp.novell.de, and look in the /pub/unixware/X directory.
Check the README file there for a listing of currently available drivers.
Subject: G15) I have release 1.0; how do I get my release 1.1 upgrade?
As a holiday present, Novell is providing a free upgrade to release 1.1 to
all owners of the release 1.0 product.
To upgrade, UnixWare customers need to call one of the following phone
numbers and be prepared to provide their rev. 1.0 product serial numbers
or proof of purchase.
Location Voice FAX
========================================================
Austria 0660-8443 0660-8125
Belgium 078-111062 078-111061
Canada 317-364-7276 317-364-0787
Denmark 800-10930 800-10545
France 05-905995 05-905995
Germany 0130-812444 0130-812443
Italy 1678-8388 1678-78398
Norway 050-11310 050-11309
Spain 900-993170 900-993169
Sweden 020-795736 020-795735
Switz. 155-1846 155-1847
UK 0800-960274 0800-960273
US 800-457-1767 317-364-0787
All Others +31-55-434472 +31-55-434435
Subject: G16) What has been upgraded in release 1.1?
Evan Leibovitch (evan@telly.on.ca) quotes from the December 1993 Novell
International Bulletin the following features and benefits of release 1.1:
* Improved quality and performance across the entire family of UnixWare
products;
* Additional support for European languages. Along with existing
support for English and Japanese, UnixWare 1.1 will be available in
native versions of French, Italian, German and Spanish by the second
quarter of fiscal year 1994.
* Additional support for popular low-cost PC hardware.
* Aggressively priced and feature-rich Software Development Kit (SDK).
This new SDK will be very popular with ISVs and corporate developers.
The new SDK offers the complete set of UnixWare development tools for
a suggested retail price of US $99.
The Software Development Kit now includes the following packages
which used to be separate options:
- Motif Development Tools
- Driver Development Tools
- Personal Utilities
* Bundled TCP/IP in Personal Edition
* Motif 1.2 and Motif wksh for greater COSE compilance
* NetWare 4.X support for file and print services
* Support for third-party compilers
USER
Subject: U1) Are there any books I can read/purchase about UnixWare?
A good starting place is the UNIX Press UNIX SVR4.2 documentation set:
- User's Series -
Title ISBN #
Guide to the Unix Desktop
User's Guide 0-13-017708-3
Two books on Unix System V that have received good reviews are
The Waite Group's UNIX System V Primer
Mitchell Waite, Don Martin, and Stephen Prata
Sams 1992
ISBN: 0-672-30194-6
Unix System V Release 4, An Introduction
Kenneth Rosen, Richard Rosinski, and James Farber
McGraw-Hill
ISBN: 0-07-881552-5
For users new to Unix, "The Rookie's Guide to UnixWare" from Novell Press
presents a simplified introduction to the operating system and its user
interface. It covers that basics: logging in, opening, closing, creating and
deleting files and folders, customizing the desktop etc. The book's baseball
theme (UnixWare is presented as "A Major League Operating System") is clearly
intended to make the treatment more palatable to computerphobes. Salty old
Unix veterans, on the other hand, will likely find the book embarrassingly
childish in tone.
The Rookie's Guide to UnixWare
Susan Adams, Colleene Isaacs, and Marcus Kaufman
Novell Press, 1993
ISBN: 0-7821-1376-1
And, of course, for the true neophyte or general Uniphobe, there's:
UNIX for the Impatient
Paul W. Abrahams and Bruce A. Larson
Addison-Wesley
ISBN: 0-201-55703-7
UNIX for Dummies
John R. Levine & Margaret Levine Young
IDG Books, 1993
ISBN: 1-878058-58-4
Subject: U2) Can I run DOS/Windows programs under UnixWare?
Yes. UnixWare comes with the capability to run DOS programs via Locus Merge
and a limited version of Novell's DR-DOS 6.0 (provided). DOS version 5.0 may
also be installed in place of DR-DOS 6.0, although users must provide their
own copy. DOS version 6.x is currently not compatible with Merge; the next
release of Merge is projected to support DOS 6.x. Purchasers of the Personal
Edition are entitled to the Windows Merge software, but may need to request
their copy from:
By Phone: By FAX: By Mail:
US: 800-892-4650 303-294-0939 Univel Fulfillment Center
Int'l: 303-297-8372 (US & Int'l) P.O. Box 5205
Denver, CO 80217-9259
Microsoft Windows is _not_ included in any UnixWare Edition; you must supply
your own.
The current version of Merge does not support running Microsoft Windows in
386 enhanced mode. This includes, among others:
- Borland's Quattro Pro
- Microsoft Access
- WordPerfect for Windows 6.0
Locus plans to support enhanced mode Windows in a future version; no release
date is known at present.
Subject: U3) Can DOS NetWare users log in to a UnixWare box via IPX?
Yes. Dave W. of Novell explains the NetWare Virtual Terminal:
[NVT] is a method for a DOS user to communicate via IPX to a
UnixWare machine. You load a TSR on the dos box that redirects
int14 or int6b (serial communications) over an NVT protocol to the
UnixWare machine who establishes a login session. With the TSR
loaded, you run a terminal emulator that uses the standard bios
interrupts (rather than going straight to the hardware) and you've
got a connection. There are some terminal packages that support
NVT directly (without the TSR)
For example: Rational Data Systems - PopTerm.
Subject: U4) Are there CD-ROM of freeware binaries precompiled for UnixWare?
Yes. Look into the LEMIS Free Software CD-ROM for Unix System V 4.2, which
includes "utility and development software, graphics demonstrations and
X-based games. All binaries are packaged in the standard pkgadd format..."
LEMIS
Lehey Microcomputer Systems
Schellnhausen 2
36325 Feldatal
Germany
+49-6637-1488
+49-6637-1489 FAX
Mail: lemis@lemis.de
Greg (Lehey) notes:
"Please don't send orders via email - we need paper."
The Prime Time Freeware software development kit for UnixWare also includes
some oft-used non-development utilities such as Emacs, TeX and GhostScript.
Prime Time SDK for Intel SVR4.2, Issue 1-1
ISBN 1-88 1957-12-8
Steve Zwaska, Editor
Prime Time Freeware
370 Altair Way, #150
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
+1 408 433 9662 Voice
+1 408 433 0727 FAX
ptf@cfcl.com
I have not yet seen a UnixWare CD-ROM from Ready-to-Run Software, a leading
supplier of precompiled Unix freeware, but I suspect one is not long in
coming. Contact them at:
Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
Rustic Trail
Groton, MA 01450
(508) 448-3959
(508) 448-2989 FAX
info@rtr.com
In Europe, Ready-to-Run products are available through:
User Interface Technologies
P.O. Box 145
Cambridge, CB4 1GQ
England
+44 223 302 041
+44 223 302 042
info@uit.co.uk
Subject: U5) Why can't I type in an "at sign" (@) at a command prompt?
This is because, incredible though it may seem, UnixWare ships with
the same terminal configuration tailored twenty-odd years ago for
ASR-33 teletypes. '@' is thus the line-kill character. Try putting
the following line in your .profile (Bourne shell or Korn shell
users) or .cshrc (C shell users) file in your home directory:
stty erase '^H' kill '^U' intr '^C'
(Type these in just as you seem them; there's no need to try and
enter the actual control characters, and many reasons not to anyway.)
If you remotely log in to your UnixWare box from another system that
places a "Delete" key at the upper right corner of the main keypad, you
will have to execute the command
stty erase '^?'
to inform the shell that your current keyboard is slightly different.
Otherwise, you may end up seeing things like "la^Hs: Command not found".
Subject: U6) How can I access the standard UNIX `man' pages from the command
line?
Include the following in your shell startup files:
.profile (/usr/bin/sh or /usr/bin/ksh):
MANPATH=/usr/flib/books/man
export MANPATH
PATH=$PATH:/usr/ucb
.cshrc (/usr/bin/csh):
setenv MANPATH /usr/flib/books/man
set path=($path /usr/ucb)
Alternately, talk to your SysAdmin about setting up the symbolic links for
the man pages described in the next section.
SYSADMIN
Subject: S1) What books on UnixWare system administration might I
read/purchase?
Well, let's start with the UNIX Press books:
- Administration Series -
Title ISBN #
Basic System Administration 0-13-142573-7
Advanced System Administration 0-13-042565-6
Network Administration 0-13-017633-8
Mick Galvin (mick@ddiq.com) adds:
``As I think one of the points of Unixware is the integration of Netware
with Unix I would highly recommend "Novell's Guide to Integrating UNIX and
NetWare Networks" by James E. Gaskin, published by Novell PRESS. This is
a *very* current book (1993) and amongst other things offers thoughts on
topics like why netware for unix is not available on UnixWare (even though
the Univel fax back server suggests it is!) It is sprinkled with humour.''
Novell's Guide to Integrating UNIX and NetWare Networks
James E. Gaskin, Novell Press, 1993
ISBN: 0-7821-1129-7
A must for Unix sysadmins is:
UNIX Power Tools
Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly, and Mike Loukides
O'Reilly and Associates/Bantam 1993
ISBN 0-553-35402-7
This book combines 1000+ pages of text-mode Unix advice with a CD-ROM of
precompiled binaries for various popular UNIX platforms (including SCO, which
should run on UnixWare) of a large variety of useful text-mode applications.
Subject: S2) What traditional Unix utilities have been left out of the
UnixWare PE/AS?
A common complaint among long-time Unix users is the omission of numerous
standard Unix utilities from the Personal Edition. While ordinary users
might not typically use these commands, shell scripts do, and thus Univel may
have - if inadvertently - introduced yet another Unix version incompatibility
into the already-too-large mix.
Among the items lacking in the Personal edition are: the C and Korn shells
(the Windowing Korn Shell [wksh] _is_ included, however), banner, calendar,
head, join and dc. These commands _are_ available, however, in the Advanced
Utilities module (an add-on optional package).
Oh, and of course TCP/IP has been left out of the Personal Edition, too :-)
Subject: S3) Does UnixWare come with TCP/IP and/or NFS?
Currently, the Personal Edition does not include TCP/IP or NFS in the basic
system. A TCP/IP+NFS package is available from Univel; a similar offer, plus
a TCP/IP-only option, is available from Information Foundation.
TCP/IP and NFS are bundled with the UnixWare Application Server.
Subject: S4) Will UnixWare 1.1 have TCP/IP bundled with the Personal Edition?
Apparently so. Evan Leibovitch (evan@telly.on.ca) states:
``Yes. I have had this confirmed repeatedly by UnixWare people.''
Subject: S5) Can I replace the stock UnixWare X server with something faster?
Yes. Several vendors sell X servers which can be used to speed up X on your
UnixWare system. Typically, these vendors will also sell you drivers for
specific cards as well. A partial list of such vendors follows:
Quarterdeck Office Systems' Hyper-X
150 Pico Boulevard
Santa Monica, CA 90405
(310) 392-9851
(310) 314-4219 FAX
hyperx@qdeck.com
info@qdeck.com
Call 800-354-3222 Extension 8G8 for special introductory offer
Hyper-X should also be available through conventional distribution
channels, eg dealers selling other Quarterdeck products (QEMM, Desqview)
Metrolink Metro-X
2213 W. McNab Road
Pompano Beach, FL 33069
(305) 970-7353
(305) 970-7351 FAX
sales@metrolink.com
Snitily Graphics Consulting Service (renamed/acquired-by X/Inside?)
894 Brookgrove Lane
Cupertino, CA 95014
(408) 255-9665
(800) 645-5501
(408) 255-9740
info@sgcs.com or ...!mips!zok!info
There is also XFree86. From David Wexelblat's 31 Oct 1993 announcement of
the release of XFree86 2.0:
XFree86 is a port of X11R5 that supports several versions of Intel-based
Unix and Unix-like operating systems. The XFree86 servers are derived
from X386 1.2, which was the X server distributed with X11R5. This
release consists of many new features and performance improvements as well
as many bug fixes. The release is available as source patches against the
MIT X11R5 code, as well as binary distributions for many architectures.
Source patches based on X11R5 PL25, from MIT, and as an upgrade from
XFree86 1.3 are available via anonymous FTP from:
ftp.x.org (under /contrib/XFree86)
ftp.physics.su.oz.au (under /XFree86)
ftp.win.tue.nl (under /pub/XFree86)
ftp.prz.tu-berlin.de (under /pub/pc/src/XFree86)
Binaries are available via anonymous FTP from:
ftp.physics.su.oz.au - SVR4 binaries
under /XFree86/SVR4
ftp.win.tue.nl - SVR4 binaries
under /pub/XFree86/SVR4
ftp.tcp.com - SVR4 binaries
under /pub/SVR4/XFree86
stasi.bradley.edu - SVR4 binaries
under /pub/XFree86/SVR4
The next release of the Prime Time Freeware CD-ROM will include XFree86 2.0
in pkgadd format. Contact:
Prime Time Freeware
370 Altair Way, #150
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
+1 408 433 9662 Voice
+1 408 433 0727 FAX
ptf@cfcl.com
If you have access to Usenet news, see the newsgroup comp.windows.x.i386unix
for ongoing discussions of XFree86 and other Intel/Unix/X solutions.
Subject: S6) Why can't I access the CD-ROM drive after I've just installed
from it?
Bill Rosenblatt writes:
This is a known bug that is supposed to be corrected for release 1.1.
There's a relatively simple workaround:
1. Shut down your machine.
2. Open the machine and remove the SCSI adapter card.
3. Leave the cover off and reboot. The system will print an error
message, but it will come up.
4. Shut down again.
5. Replace the SCSI card and put the cover back on the machine.
6. Reboot again. The system will rebuild the kernel, which will
take a few minutes. Then it will tell you to reboot. Do so.
7. When the system comes up again, the CD-ROM should be accessible.
Another method I received from UnixWare tech support proceeds as follows:
When the CD-ROM driver seemingly drops out of sight in UnixWare, one
cannot read from a CD, nor can one mount a cdfs file system.
To correct this, first determine the proper name of your CD-ROM device
driver. Change directory to /dev/cdrom and do an ls. There will be a
driver file there in the form "cxtxlx" where the x's are SCSI controller
number, tag numberm and logical unit number respectively. (e.g. the driver
will be something like "c0t4l0" or c0t3l1") Write this name down!
Next, it is necessary to create a "raw device." Change directory to /dev
and "mkdir rcdrom" to create a directory called /dev/rcdrom. Then change
to this new directory and make nodes for a CD based on the name found in
/dev/cdrom.
mknod c0t4l0 c 0 0
mknod cdrom1 c 0 0
These commands in succession are "make node <device driver> see-zero-zero"
and "make node cdrom1 see-zero-zero." Note that the next-to-last character
in the device driver name is an "ell" not a "one."
While still in the /dev/rcdrom directory, make the whole directory
readable,
writable, and executable to everyone.
chmod 0777 .
chmod 0777 *
and everything should be fine. You can check by clicking on the "Disks
Etc."
icon to see if the CD-ROM icon is there.
Subject: S7) Why does my data comm package lose characters constantly at high
speeds?
Bill Rosenblatt again:
The odds are good that the problem is with the UART on your
serial interface card. If you have a relatively low-end PC,
you probably have an old-style UART that interrupts the CPU after
it receives every character. Unix usually handles serial interrupts
at a low level (lower than DOS does, for example), so it can't keep
up if the speed is too high, usually above 9600bps.
To fix this, you need to get a new UART, a 16550 UART that has
a 16-byte buffer. The 16540 UART, with a 2-byte buffer, may also
be enough of an improvement. If your UART isn't in a socket,
then you will have to replace the entire card. Luckily, these
are not very expensive--about $40 for a single-port card or
$70 for a standard PC multi-port card.
Additionally, you need a device driver
that knows how to take advantage of the UART's buffering.
UnixWare has such a device driver (asyhp), but the current version is
known to be flaky. Novell should have a fix for this available on
gateway.univel.com before 1.1 comes out. In any case, here's
what you need to do to enable the driver, courtesy of Joao Costa
(jcosta@quimic.pt):
Just go to /etc/conf/sdevice.d, edit asyhp and turn N to Y for
the ports you want, then edit asyc and turn Y to N on those ports.
Rebuild the kernel and, when the new kernel boots, you'll have a status
message about your 16550 ports.
Subject: S8) How can I make or get an emergency boot floppy?
Rick Richardson of DigiBoard (rick@digibd.com) spells out what the EBF is:
What is it?
An emergency boot floppy (EBF) allows you to boot UnixWare off
a floppy disk, with a minimal set of commands available to you.
If possible, the EBF will mount the hard disk partition and let
you recover any data that may be on the partition, or fix important
files (such as /etc/passwd) that you might have lost or corrupted.
An EBF avoids the tedious procedure of having to reload Unix in
these cases.
Every System Administrator should have an EBF in their possession.
An "anonymous" poster from Novell recently broke the good news that many have
been waiting for:
...you can now generate your own Emergency Boot
Floppy (ebf) for UnixWare 1.0. There is an ebf update available
on ftp.univel.com (and on CompuServe). The file is ebf.tar and is
located in /pub/Updates. This package DOES NOT create an ebf, but
installs a utility to do so.
Get ebf.tar, and as usual untar it. chmod the .run file to be
executable and then execute it to install the package.
Once the package is installed, execute the command
/usr/sbin/emergency_disk diskette1 (or diskette2). This ought to
do it.
Subject: S9) How do I set a dialup password on UnixWare for a specific port?
Andrew Josey of Unix Systems Labs Europe (a.josey@uel.co.uk) provides the
following guide:
Two files must be created in the /etc directory, and for ease of
use you can add a user (say called dialup).
(1) /etc/d_passwd
------------------
This is the dialup password file.
# ls -l /etc/d_passwd
-rw------- 1 root root 70 May 13 07:44 /etc/d_passwd
#
This contains entries for login shells (uucico,ksh and sh).
Usually there is no additional password for uucico.
Interactive logins (ksh, and sh) have passwords.
The encrypted password must be put in the file, note spaces and position
of the colon delimiters are critical.
# cat /etc/d_passwd
/usr/lib/uucp/uucico::
/usr/bin/ksh:66NOJGfJw4I.A:
/usr/bin/sh:66NOJGfJw4I.A:
#
(2) /etc/dialups
-----------------
The second file /etc/dialups dictates which devices are
to have the dialup password prompt
# cat /etc/dialups
/dev/tty00
/dev/tty01h
(3) Setting the password
------------------------
To set the password, I have a login entry for a user dialup (this
just executes date as the login shell).
Thus on the day to change the password
i)
# passwd dialup
New password:
Re-enter new password:
#
ii)
# grep dialup /etc/shadow|cut -f2 -d":" >>/etc/d_passwd
This appends the new dialup onto the end of the d_passwd file.
iii)
Edit the file with vi to place the new encrypted password
in the appropriate fields marked XXXX below:
/usr/lib/uucp/uucico::
/usr/bin/ksh:XXXX:
/usr/bin/sh:XXXX:
Subject: S10) How do I configure electronic mail on UnixWare?
From another machine that is already properly connected for email, send a
message to Andrew Josey's mail server at USL Europe to receive some hints:
mail-server@uel.co.uk
The message body should be:
begin
reply <your-email-address>
send HINTS/MAIL/README
end
where, of course, you have substituted your actual email address for
"<your-email-address>".
Subject: S11) How many updates are there, what are they, and where do I get
them?
As of this posting, there are eight (8) updates, not all of which will you
typically need. These updates are to be applied to version 1.0 only; all
changes have been merged into version 1.1. The updates are (listed by their
file names on the UnixWare ftp archive server):
updte1.tar - First UnixWare update
updte2.tar - Update 1.0.2
updte3.tar - Update 1.0.3
upbnu4.tar - Basic Networking Utilities (uucp, serial comm, ttymon) Update 4
mipx.tar - Newer, faster Merge IPX; must have Advanced Merge installed
mhs.tar - Fixes to MHS mail services; replaces earlier mhs.tar versions
atmtp.tar - NFS automounter update 1.0.4
nsupdt.tar - NetWare API Library update 1.0.4, fixes NetWare automounter
The first four of these are those of greatest interest to Usenet readers.
All of these are available from the UnixWare ftp archive server:
gateway.univel.com:~ftp/pub/Updates
They are also available on ftp.novell.de. Andrew Josey (andrew@uel.co.uk)
adds:
``and also from our automated mail server which carries binaries/sources etc
for UnixWare and also mirrors the ftp sites.
To get a list of Updates from our mail server:
mail mail-server@uel.co.uk
with a msg containing:
begin
reply <your-email-address-here!>
index Updates
end
Use send with a filename to request a file. Note that the requests are
case sensitive, for example to get the latest BNU fix:
send MIRRORS/gateway.univel.com/pub/Updates/updbnu4.tar
Subject: S12) How do I know which updates I've already got installed?
Don't laugh; some of us have systems whose vendors installed UnixWare
(including the FAQ maintainer :-). Updates will show up as installed
packages; from the UnixWare desktop, double click:
System_Setup->Application_Setup
Be patient while the installed applications are cataloged. When you get the
browser showing installed packages, you will be able to see the installed
updates.
If you are the impatient sort, Andrew Josey (andrew@uel.co.uk) suggests:
I cancel the cataloging, and then hit
View
Installed Appl'ns
All
Which is usually quicker... and ok when you know you've not reinstalled
anything new recently.
Subject: S13) How can I make the `man' pages accessible from the command
line?
The following symbolic links will enable users to access the standard UNIX
man pages without further action on their part:
ln -s /usr/flib/books/man /usr/share/man
ln -s /usr/flib/bin/fman /usr/bin/man
Subject: S14) Are there disk compression utilties for UnixWare?
Programmed Logic sells such a drop-in replacement compressed file system
that, among other things, can be installed as the root partition and can be
NFS-exported. Programmed Logic claims that it can double a file system's
capacity. For information on the Desktop File System (DTFS), contact:
Programmed Logic
(908) 302-0090 Voice
(908) 302-1903 FAX
Email:
info@prologic.com (information)
Subject: S15) How do I install a package downloaded from one of the ftp
servers?
Rick Richardson (rick@digibd.com) explains:
You can untar the stuff anywhere convenient, say,
under /tmp, and then:
pkgadd -d /tmp
The pkgname is optional. Note that the -d flag assumes that if the
argument begins with a '/', then its a package in filesystem format.
Otherwise, its a magic cookie (e.g. diskette1) to pick a storage device.
I.E., this won't work:
cd /tmp; pkgadd -d .
Subject: S16) How can I speed up the loading of Windows programs from
floppies?
If you find yourself loading a Windows program more than once, for whatever
reason, you might appreciate Rick Richardson's "Handy trick #1427":
Use the file manager to copy each
installation floppy to d:\diskN where N is the disk number.
Then, you can try to install a program as many times as you
want without waiting for floppies. Just run D:\DISK1\SETUP
from the file manager. At least with Word, setup seems
to understand that the files aren't coming from floppies
and will just proceed to install everything it needs
from d:\disk1, d:\disk2, etc. without further prompting.
Discovered purely by accident - I had the disks in
d:\w1, d:\w2, etc. and after setup finished with w1,
it said it couldn't find d:\disk2\somefile. Aha I say!
(FAQ maintainer's observation: I believe this is how some Windows software is
organized on CD-ROMs for installation - that might be why the Windows setup
program understands it.)
DEVELOPER
Subject: D1) What books on UnixWare programming might I read/purchase?
First, the UNIX Press volumes:
- Programming Series -
Title ISBN #
UNIX Software Development
Programming in Standard C 0-13-017666-4
Programming with UNIX System Calls
Character User Interface Programming
Graphical User Interface Programming
Network Programming Interfaces 0-13-017641-9
No UNIX programmer should be caught without the Stevens' books:
Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment
W. Richard Stevens
Addison-Wesley, 1992
ISBN 0-201-56317-7
UNIX Network Programming
W. Richard Stevens
Prentice Hall, 1990
ISBN 0-13-949876-1
Donald Lewine's POSIX programming guide is also indispensable as a reference
for "which standard defines what API?" kind of questions:
POSIX Programmer's Guide
Donald Lewine
O'Reilly and Associates, Inc.
ISBN 0-937175-73-0
Subject: D2) Are there alternatives for programmers to the UnixWare SDK?
Programmers on tight budgets might consider the Prime Time Freeware SDK for
Intel SVR4.2, Issue 1-1, a "complete, stand-along development system" for
UnixWare and similar Intel SVR4.2 Unix systems. This is a Rock Ridge CD-ROM
containing all the major GNU development tools (gcc, gdb, &c), X, InterViews,
Tk and "much much more", plus a 100+ page user's guide. Univel provided
Prime Time with the necessary #include files and static C libraries to make
this product a usable standalone system.
Prime Time SDK for Intel SVR4.2, Issue 1-1
ISBN 1-88 1957-12-8
Steve Zwaska, Editor
Prime Time Freeware
370 Altair Way, #150
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
+1 408 433 9662 Voice
+1 408 433 0727 FAX
ptf@cfcl.com
Subject: D3) I installed the Prime Time SDK, and now I can't log in?!
Some permissions were not set properly by the SDK install. The fix is to su
to root and:
chmod -R go+rx /usr/include
chmod -R go+rx /usr/lib
There is a sticker on the CD-ROM envelope informing users of this need, but
it seems to have been accidentally left off of some early shipments. Steve
Zwaska (stz@netcom.com) notes of these trials and tribulations:
We have fixed all of the script problems for version 2-1 (mid-January
release) and have added a bunch of stuff (YEA XFree86-2.0 is on htere in
pkgadd format!)
There is a FTP site for the corrected Install scripts and make_links at
ftp.netcom.com - pub/ptsdk/movers.uu
Subject: D4) Will UnixWare version 1.1 bundle Motif?
Evan Leibovitch (evan@telly.on.ca) writes:
``[Motif is] presently a separate add-on to the UnixWare SDK. It will likely
be bundled with the 1.1 SDK ... Not sure about run-time libraries.''
I have heard conflicting stories on whether it will be Motif 1.1 or 1.2; it
seems likely to be 1.2, however... JCV 12/22/93
Subject: D5) How do I avoid problems programming with the UCB compatibility
libraries?
There are two problems that are typically encountered when compiling/linking
code that uses Berklisms:
- Undefined symbols at link time
- Incompatibilities between the SysV header files and the UCB libraries
C code using Berklisms such as index/rindex will generate "undefined symbol"
messages for each of the BSD-specific functions. To get around this, you
have one of two options:
a) Compile with the "UCB" compiler (/usr/ucb/cc). This is actually a shell
script wrapper around the standard C compiler (/usr/ccs/bin/cc) that
sets up the necessary #include and library paths. This is the path to
take if you want a more "pure" BSD environment for your development.
b) If you want a SysV environment, but need to link in some functions
only available in the BSD library (eg, you'll replace gethostname() with
uname() later), simply link in the UCB libraries _after_ the standard
(SysV) libraries. For example:
cc -o foo foo.c -lc -L /usr/ucblib -lucb
Note the order of the library specifications, and that "-lc" should
precede the UCB library specification to resolve all possible synonyms
against the SysV library, rather than the BSD library.
Be careful exercising option (b), however. Merely linking against the UCB
library, without the preceding "-lc", will cause code to be compiled against
the SysV #include files (located in /usr/include) and then linked against the
UCB libraries:
cc -o foo foo.c -L /usr/ucblib -lucb # Don't do this
(Note that an implicit "-lc" is appended to the command line.) Differences
in such things as structure sizes between the SysV #includes and the UCB
libraries can wreak all kinds of havoc - as your friendly FAQ maintainer
discovered in just this fashion when trying to use setjmp in a source module
that also called some UCB functions. One way to get around this is to insert
a
"-I /usr/ucbinclude" directive into the command line, but this is essentially
the effect of using /usr/ucb/cc.
On this general topic, I'll include some notes from the net.
Gordon W. Ross <gwr@mc.com> observes:
I just wanted to mention here that most people I have helped with
porting problems related to the dirent or directory libraries have
caused their own problems by incorrectly using the UCB library.
The directory(3) routines in the UCB library only work with the
header files in /usr/ucbinclude so if you fail to put that in
your include path and just link with -lucb you end up with
seriously broken programs. The stuff in /usr/ucbinclude/ and
/usr/ucblib/ was meant to be used by /usr/ucb/cc only, and
when used that way it (mostly) works. I have usually found it
easiest to just stay away from the UCB library entirely.
I would advise others to do the same. (The UCB library has
well known problems in signal and some dbm functions.)
Robert Withrow (witr@rwwa.com) adds:
In addition, checking the following things will almost always yield a
working port for any reasonably ``well behaved program'':
1 Replace bcopy et.al with the apropriate memcpy functions...
#define bcopy(b1,b2,len) memmove((b2), (b1), (size_t)(len))
#define bzero(b,len) memset((b), 0, (size_t)(len))
#define bcmp(b1,b2,len) memcmp((b1), (b2), (size_t)(len))
2 Replace index and rindex approprately:
#define index(a,b) strchr((a),(b))
#define rindex(a,b) strrchr((a),(b))
3 Don't use the SVR4 library's signal() routine, since it doesn't
work as posix and bsd signal() does.
/* Reliable signals */
/* This was taken from Stevens... */
#include <signal.h>
typedef void Sigfunc(int);
Sigfunc *signal(int signo, Sigfunc *func)
{
struct sigaction act, oact;
act.sa_handler = func;
sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
act.sa_flags = 0;
if (signo != SIGALRM) {
act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;
}
if (sigaction(signo, &act, &oact) < 0)
return(SIG_ERR);
return(oact.sa_handler);
}
4 Replace random with lrand
#define random() lrand48()
#define srandom(seed) srand48((seed))
5 Replace the bsd readdir code with the Posix code (requires changing an
include file and a declaration usually, but also perhaps a symbol with a
strlen.)
6 Replace wait3 and wait4 with posix wait code. This is complicated
because some code *writes* into the values that posix only provides read
access to.
Lest all this seem too dreadfully complicated, Rick Richardson
(rick@digibd.com) shrugs:
Its much easier to port stuff than most people think.
I've found that 99.99% of applications with BSDisms can be ported
by simply compiling normally, but linking with -lc -lucb. This
resolves the SVR4 C library first, avoiding problems with dirent
and the like, but also lets you pick up any BSD-isms like
random(), index(), etc.
Really, its painless.
Subject: D6) Where can I get Emacs?
John Angelo Gnassi (jgnassi@hstbme.mit.edu) answers your prayers:
``If you live and die by Emacs, trying to get a new system up
without it is torture. You don't have to. There is a version,
18.59.5, in binary format ready for anonymous ftp from
ftp.univel.com:/pub/developer/emacs.UWbin.tar.Z. A pristine 19.19
will not compile directly with the standard tools (preprocessor and
other problems), but more than a half dozen people have told me they
had no problems compiling it with gcc.''
The Prime Time SDK CD-ROM mentioned earlier also contains Emacs.
Subject: D7) How can I compile X clients without a complete X11 source tree?
Pat Campbell of Novell USG writes:
To compile most if not all X clients WITHOUT a complete X tree
use:
imake -I/usr/X/lib/config -DUseInstalled
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Not necessary if you have set IMAKEINCLUDE environment variable.
The "-DUseInstalled" directs imake to use the installed include
and library files.
Special note for motif applications:
You will need three more libraries, -lXm -lXIM -lgen, during
the link stage. I prepend them to the following variables
within the Imakefile like this.
LOCAL_LIBRARIES = -lXm -lXIM [ whatever was already here ]
SYS_LIBRARIES = -lgen [ whatever was already here ]
This is a working solution, not necessarily the correct/elegant solution
:-)
---
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Novell, NetWare and UnixWare are trademarks of Novell, Inc.
--
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Jim Vlcek SVR4.2: A standard for UNIX
uunet!molly!vlcek OpenStep: A standard for OO
Beautiful downtown St. Paul Windows: A standard for CYA
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