🚀 go-pugleaf

$BED4](B@$BElBg$G$9!#(B

# $B>\$7$/$O$J$$$G$9$,!"$3$NA0(B Inside AppleTalk $B$r<P$aFI$_$9$k5!2q$,$"$j(B
# $B$^$7$?$N$G!D(B
# $BIaCJ$O$I$A$i$b$rFI$s$G$$$J$$$N$G!"=q$-$C$Q$J$7$K$J$C$F$7$^$C$?$i$4$a(B
# $B$s$J$5$$!#(B

In article <KJM.96Apr22115126@indy-eo.yonka.ngy.mhi.co.jp> kjm@yonka.ngy.mhi.co.jp (KOJIMA Hajime/=?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCPi5FZ0glGyhC?=) writes:

> <4l7jte$b6t@nhkgw.strl.nhk.or.jp> $B$N5-;v$K$*$$$F(B
> inouet@strl.nhk.or.jp (Tomoyuki INOUE) $B$5$s$O=q$-$^$7$?(B:
> 
> || $B!V$"$kCO6h$N(BEtherTalk$B$N%V%m!<%I%-%c%9%H!&(B
> || $B!!(B $B%^%k%A%-%c%9%H$,B>$NCO6h$N%M%C%H%o!<%/Ii2Y$K(B
> |      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> | EtherTalk $B$O%^%k%A%-%c%9%H$O=P$5$J$$$H;W$$$^$9!#(B
> 
> $B!!(BEtherTalk $B$O%^%k%A%-%c%9%H$r;H$$$^$9!#0J2<$K!"(Bfj.sys.mac.comm $B$+$i$N5-;v(B
> $B$rE:IU$7$^$9!'(B

phase 1 (nonextended network) $B$O(B broadcast,
phase 2 (   extended network) $B$O(B multicast $B$N$h$&$G$9$M!#(B

> From: bm@berry.osa.sumikin.co.jp (Bunpei Matoba)
> Subject: Re: [Q] AppleTalk bridging VS routing
> Message-ID: <bm-1704960323050001@157.117.200.245>

> $B$J$*!$;d$N4Q;!$7$?HO0O$G$O!$(BEtherTalk$B$G$O(B
> IP$B$N(BARP$B%V%m!<%I%-%c%9%H$N$h$&$J(B
> $B%V%m!<%I%-%c%9%H$O$$$C$5$$=P$J$$$h$&$K8+$($^$7$?!%(B

EtherTalk phase 2 $B5!4oF1;N$G$O(B 9:0:7:ff:ff:ff $B$r(B broadcast $B$N$h$&$K07$C(B
$B$F$$$^$9!#$9$J$o$A$9$Y$F$N(B EtherTalk phase 2 $B5!4o$O(B 9:0:7:ff:ff:ff $B$r(B
$BI,$:=&$$$^$9!#(Bzone $B$KFCM-$G$+$DITFCDjB??t$"$F$N>pJs$O(B 9:0:7 $B$N$=$NB>$N(B 
address $B08$XAw$j$^$9!#(Bzone name -> multicast address $B$X$O2?$i$+$N(B hash 
$B4X?t$rMQ$$$FJQ49$7$F$$$k$h$&$G$9!#3F5!4o$O<+J,$NB0$7$F$$$k(B zone $B$N(B 
multicast address $B$X$N(B packet $B$r=&$&$h$&$K(B config $B$5$l$^$9!#(B

$B$H$$$&$3$H$N$h$&$G$9!#(B

> $B3N$+$K!$%k!<%?$G%>!<%s2=$7$F$$$J$$%7%s%0%k$N(B
> EtherTalk$B%M%C%H%o!<%/$N>l9g!$(B
> $B%;%l%/%?$r3+$$$?;~$G$O$J$/!"3+$$$F$$$k4V$:$C$H!$(B
> $B%^%k%A%-%c%9%H$,=P$F$$$^$7$?!%(B
> 09-00-07-FF-FF-FF ANBP DDP SNAP 802.2  ETHERNET
> $B$H$$$&$d$D$G$9!%#1IC4V$K#2H/$0$i$$!%(B
> $B%;%l%/%?$O3+$-$C$Q$J$7$K$7$J$$$[$&$,$$$$$G$9$M!%(B
> 
> $B%k!<%?$G%>!<%s2=$7$?(BEtherTalk$B%M%C%H%o!<%/$N>l9g!$(B
> $B$3$N$h$&$J$N$O8+$i$l$^$;$s$G$7$?!%(B

$B$=$&$$$&$o$1$G!"$3$l$O!"(Bzone $B$K3d$jEv$F$i$l$F$$$k(B address $B$X(B packet $B$,(B
$B=P$F$$$k$N$G$O$J$$$G$7$g$&$+(B?


> $B$H$3$m$G!$(BEtherTalk$B$N%^%7%s$,B>$K2?$b$J$$$h$&$J(B
> $B%M%C%H$K#1Bf$@$1N)$A>e$,$C$?;~$K$O!$(B
> 
> 09-00-07-FF-FF-FF AppleTalk ARP SNAP 802.2 ETHERNET
> 09-00-07-FF-FF-FF DDP SNAP 802.2 ETHERNET
> 09-00-07-FF-FF-FF ANBP DDP SNAP 802.2 ETHERNET
> 09-00-07-FF-FF-FF DDP SNAP 802.2 ETHERNET
> 09-00-07-FF-FF-FF RTMP DDP SNAP 802.2 ETHERNET
> 09-00-07-00-00-DO ANBP DDP SNAP 802.2 ETHERNET
> 
> $B$H$$$&$h$&$J%^%k%A%-%c%9%H$r9g7W(B19$BH/$b=P$7$^$7$?!%(B
> 
> $B!t>e5-$N$h$&$J%^%k%A%-%c%9%H%"%I%l%9$N0UL#$r$I$J$?$+(B
> $B!t$*65$($$$?$@$1$J$$$G$7$g$&$+!)(B

$B$3$l$O6qBNE*$K$O$h$/$o$+$j$^$;$s!#$,!"%k!<%?$r$5$,$9%7!<%1%s%9$G$O$J$$(B
$B$+$H;W$$$^$9!#$5$$$4$K(B 9:0:7:0:0:d0 $B$,$"$kJU$j$+$i$7$F!"2a5n$K(B router 
$B$,$"$C$F(B zone $B$b;H$C$F$$$?;~$N5-21$rMj$j$K$=$N>pJs$r(B validate $B$7$h$&$H(B
$B$7$F$$$k$N$G$O$J$$$G$7$g$&$+(B?

$B<P$aFI$_$7$?$@$1$J$N$G!"$3$l$r=P$9$N$b5$$,0z$1$k$N$G$9$,!">\$7$$?M$,(B 
debug $B$7$F$/$l$k$+$bCN$l$J$$$N$G!"0l1~IU$1$F$*$-$^$9!#(B
$B;d$,!"(BInside AppleTalk $B$rFI$s$@;~$K=q$$$?%a%b$G$9!#(B
$B$H$"$kMQ;v$NA0?6$jMQ$K=q$$$?$b$N$J$N$G$=$NMQ;v$KI,MW$=$&$J$3$H$7$+=q$$(B
$B$F$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B@5$7$$$+$I$&$+$OKM<+?H$h$/$o$+$j$^$;$s!#(B^^;
$B4V0c$C$F$$$?$i$*$7$($F$/$@$5$$!#(B

$B$G$O!#(B

$BED4](B $BGn@2(B   `Shining Darkness'    tamaru@ap.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
  $BEl5~Bg3X(B $BBg3X1!(B $B9)3X7O8&5f2J(B $BJ*M}9)3X@l96(B $B5\Ln8&5f<<(B D2
----
1. tamaru's AppleTalk digest

$B;d$,IU$1>F$-Ea$G(B Inside AppleTalk 2nd edit. $B$r$J$J$a$KFI$s$GM}2r$7$?$3(B
$B$H$NCf$G!"8eH>$NOC$K4X78$N$"$j$=$&$J;v9`$r$^$H$a$F$*$-$^$9!#8m$j$,$"$C(B
$B$?$i;XE&$7$F2<$5$$!#4pK\E*$K(B EtherTalk (Phase 2) $B$N(B network (AppleTalk 
$BMQ8l$G$$$&(B internet ($B!b(B Internet)) $B$K$D$$$F9M$($F$$$^$9!#(B

AppleTalk $B$G$OO@M}(B segment (broadcast $B$NFO$/HO0O(B)$B$r(B `network' $B$H8F$S!"(B
$B$=$l$i$,$D$J$,$C$?AmBN$r(B `internet' $B$H8F$s$G$$$^$9!#(B

$B$J$*!"!V(BAppleTalk$B!W$OAm>N$G!"(Bdata link $BAX$N0c$$$K$h$j!"(BLocalTalk,
EtherTalk, TokenTalk, FDDITalk, IPTalk (KIP) $B$H8DJL$NL>A0$,$D$$$F$$$^(B
$B$9!#(B

o address = network number (16bits) + node ID (8bits)
  
  $B$"$k(B internet address $B$O(B 16 bits $B$N(B network number $B$H(B 8 bits $B$N(B node
  ID $B$+$i$J$k!#$3$l$,(B IP $B$N@$3&$N(B IP address $B$N$h$&$J$b$N$G!"DL?.$N:](B
  $B$K(B internet $BCf$K$"$k(B machine (interface) $B$r0l0U$KFCDj$9$k!#(Bmac $B>e$G(B
  $B$3$N(B address $B$r8+$k$3$H$O$"$^$j$J$$$,!"=q$/>l9g$K$O!"(BIP address $B$N$h(B
  $B$&$K!"(B128.1.3 $B$J$I$H(B 0 $B$+$i(B 255 $B$^$G$N?tCM$r(B dot $B$G6h@Z$C$F=q$/$3$H(B
  $B$,B?$$$h$&$@!#$3$3$G!"(B128.1 $B$,(B network number $B$G(B 3 $B$,(B node ID $B$G$"$k!#(B
  
  packet $B$K$O(B source address, destination address $B$,F~$C$F$$$F!"F1$8(B 
  network $BFb$KL5$$>l9g$O!":G4s$j$N(B router $B$KEj$2$k$H!"<+F0E*$K(B routing 
  $B$5$l$k$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!#$?$@$7!"3F(B node $B$O!"B>$N(B network $B$+$i$N(B 
  packet $B$r<u$1<h$k$H!"$=$ND>A0$N(B node ($B$D$^$j!"(Bsource address $B$X$N(B 
  best route router $B$N(B node) $B$r$=$N(B network $B$HBP1~$E$1$F(B cache $B$9$k$N(B
  $B$G!"(B2$B2sL\0J9_$O!V:G4s$j!W$N(B router $B$G$O$J$/!V:GA1!W$N(B router $B$KEO$9(B
  $B$h$&$K$J$k!#(B

o ranges of net num's & node ID's
  
  network number $B$K$OFCJL$JMQES$KM=Ls$5$l$?$b$N$,$"$k!#(B
  0.0              : invalid (unknown)$B!#<B:]$K$O!V$3$N!W(Bnetwork $B$N0U!#(B
  255.0 -- 255.254 : $B5/F0;~$H(B router $B$,B8:_$7$J$$>l9g$K;H$&$?$aM=Ls(B
  255.255          : $BM=Ls(B

  node ID $B$K$bM=Ls$5$l$?$b$N$,$"$k!#(B
  0   : invalid (unknown)$B!#<B:]$K$O$=$N(B network $B$N(B router $B$N$I$l$+!#(B
  254 : $BM=Ls(B
  255 : broadcast
  
  $B$^$?!"M}M3$O>J$/$,!"<g$H$7$F(B client $B$H$J$k(B node $B$O(B 1 -- 127 $B$r(B
  $B<g$H$7$F(B server $B$H$J$k(B node $B$O(B 128 -- 253 $B$r$=$l$>$l(B node ID $B$H$7$F(B
  $B;HMQ$9$k!#(B

  $B$J$*!"(BEtherTalk phase 2 (extended network) $B$K$*$$$F$O(B ethernet level 
  $B$G$O!"(Bbroadcast $B$H$$$&$N$O(B multicast $B$K$h$j<B8=$5$l$F$$$k!#(Bmulticast
  address $B$O(B 9:0:7:ff:ff:ff $B$G!"$3$l$O(B AppleTalk Multicast $B$H$7$FEPO?(B
  $B$5$l$F$$$k!#(B

  Phase 1 (non-extended network) $B$G$O!"(Bethernet level $B$G$b(B broadcast
  (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) $B$r;HMQ$7$F$$$k!#(B

o node ID assignment
  
  node ID $B$O3F(B node $B$,5/F0$9$k;~$K(B dynamic $B$K<hF@$9$k(B (Plug'n'Play)$B!#(B
  strategy $B$O$*$h$=<!$NDL$j(B:
  a. $BE,Ev$K(B ID $B$rA*$V(B ($BA02s;H$C$?CM(B or random)$B!#(B
  b. $B$=$N(B ID $B$r;HMQ$7$F$$$k(B node $B$,$"$k$+$r(B broadcast $B$GLd$$9g$o$;$k!#(B
  c. reply $B$,$"$l$P!"JL$N(B ID $B$rA*$s$G7+$jJV$9!#(B
  d. reply $B$,$J$1$l$P!"$=$N(B ID $B$r;HMQ$9$k!#(B

o network number assignment
  
  . network number $B$O(B Plug'n'Play $B$G$O$J$/!"4IM}<T$,D>@\;XDj$9$k!#(B
  . $B$"$k(B network number $B$O$R$H$D$N(B network $B$N$_$K3d$jEv$F$k$3$H$,=PMh$k!#(B
  . $B3F(B network $B$O$R$H$D0J>e$N(B network number ($B$?$@$7O"B3$7$F$$$k$3$H(B;
    network number range $B$H8F$V(B) $B$r$b$D!#(B
  . network number $B$O!"$9$Y$F(B router $B$N$_$G4IM}$5$l$F$$$k!#(B
    router $B0J30$N(B node $B$OI,$:(B router $B$K(B network number range $B$rLd$$9g(B
    $B$o$;$?>e$G$=$NCM$rMQ$$$k!#(B
  . $B$h$C$F(B router $B$N$J$$(B network $B$K$O!"(Bdefined $B$J(B network number $B$OB8(B
    $B:_$7$($J$$!#$3$N>l9g(B node $B$O(B boot up $B;~$K(B*$B2>$K(B*$B;HMQ$9$k(B 255.0 --
    255.254 ($B$^$?$OA02s5/F0;~$K;HMQ$7$?(B network number)$B$r$=$N$^$^(B 
    network number $B$H$7$F;H$$B3$1$k!#(Brouter $B$,8+$($k$h$&$K$J$C$?;~E@$G(B
    (router $B$,Dj4|E*$K(B broadcast $B$9$k(B RTMP $B$N(B packet $B$r8+$D$1$?;~E@$G(B)
    $B:FEY(B network number $B$N<hF@$r;n$_$k!#(B
  . router $B$O<+J,$,D>@\$D$J$,$C$F$$$k(B network $B$N3F!9$K$D$$$F!"(B(a) seed
    router $B$G$"$k!"$+!"(B(b) seed router $B$G$J$$!"$H$$$&B0@-$r$b$D!#(Bseed
    router $B$O$=$N(B network $B$N(B network number range $B$r(B static $B$K;}$C$F$$(B
    $B$F!"Ld$$9g$o$;$KBP$7$FI,$:$=$NCM$GEz$($k!#(Bseed router $B$G$J$$(B 
    router $B$O!"(Bnetwork $BCf$K(B broadcast $B$5$l$F$$$k(B network number range 
    $B$r$R$m$C$F(B cache $B$7!"Ld$$9g$o$;$KEz$($k!#(B
  . $B3F(B network $B$K$O!"$R$H$D0J>e$N(B seed router $B$,I,MW$G$"$k!#C"$7!"$R$H(B
    $B$D$N(B network $B$KJ#?t$N(B seed router $B$,$"$k>l9g$K$O!"$9$Y$F$N(B seed
    router $B$N;}$D>pJs$,40A4$K0lCW$7$F$$$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#$=$&$G$J$1$l(B
    $B$P@5>o$JDL?.$O4|BT$G$-$J$$!#(Brouter $B$O8e=R$9$k$h$&$K(B zone $B>pJs$b4I(B
    $BM}$9$k$,!"(Bzone $B>pJs$bF1MM$J4IM}$,I,MW$G$"$k!#(B

o routing (RTMP)
    
  routing $B>pJs$O(B Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP) $B$K$h$C$F(B 
  dynamic $B$K4IM}$5$l$F$$$k!#$3$N(B protocol $B$O!"(BIP $B$N@$3&$N(B RIP $B$KNI$/;w(B
  $B$?$b$N$G$"$j!"DL>o$O(B split horizon technique $B$r;HMQ$7$F$$$k!#$9$J$o(B
  $B$A!"<!$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$"$k(B:
  
  . $B3F(B router $B$O!"(B(network number range, hop $B?t(B, next router) $B$H$$$&AH(B
    $B$N(B table $B$r4{CN$N(B network $B$K$D$$$FJ]B8$9$k(B(aging $B$"$j(B)$B!#(B
  . $B3F(B router $B$O!"<+J,$,D>@\$D$J$,$C$F$$$k$9$Y$F$N(B network $B$KBP$7$F(B 10 
    $BIC$K(B 1 $B2s$3$N(B routing table $B$N>pJs$r(B RTMP packet $B$H$7$F(B broadcast 
    $B$9$k!#(B
  . RTMP packet $B$r<u$1<h$C$?(B router $B$O!"$=$N>pJs$K4p$E$-3F(B network $B$X(B
    $B$N:GC;7PO)$r7W;;$7!"<+J,$N(B table $B$r99?7$9$k!#(B
  . $B$J$*!"(BA $B$H$$$&(B network $B$K(B broadcast $B$9$k(B RTMP packet $B$K$O!"!V(Bnext
    router $B$,(B A $B$K$"$k$h$&$J7PO)>pJs!W$O4^$a$J$$(B (split horizon)$B!#(B

o zones (ZIP)

  AppleTalk $B$G>e=R$N(B address $B$rL@<(E*$K;XDj$9$k$3$H$O$^$:$J$$!#DL>o$O(B
  $B8e=R$9$k!VL>A0!W$r;HMQ$9$k!#(Bzone $B$O$=$N!VL>A0!W$r(B group $B$o$1$9$k$?$a(B
  $B$b$N$G$"$k!#(B

  . zone $B$O(B 32 byte $B0JFb$NJ8;zNs$K$h$j<1JL$5$l$k!#(B
    case insensitive $B$G$"$k!#(B
  . zone $B$O(B network number range $BF1MM$K!"(Brouter $B$N$_$K$h$C$F4IM}$5$l$k!#(B
    $B$h$C$F(B router $B$NL5$$(B network $B$K$O(B zone $B$OB8:_$7$J$$!#(B
  . router $B$O(B RTMP $B$K2C$($F(B Zone Infomation Protocol (ZIP) $B$r;HMQ$7$F!"(B
    zone $B>pJs$N8r49$r9T$J$&!#(B
  . router $B$NB8:_$9$k(B network $B$O!"$R$H$D0J>e$N(B zone $B$r$b$D!#(B
  . router $B$NB8:_$9$k(B network $B$K$OI,$:(B default zone $B$,B8:_$9$k!#$R$H$D(B
    $B$7$+(B zone $B$NL5$$(B network $B$G$OEvA3$=$l$,(B default zone $B$H$J$k!#(B
  . $BF1$8(B zone $B$rJ#?t$N(B network $B$K3d$jEv$F$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B
  . $B3F(B network $B$N(B zone $BL>$O(B network number range $B$N(B seed router $B$,(B 
    static $B$KJ]B8$7!"$=$l0J30$N(B router $B$K(B advertise $B$9$k!#(B
  . $B3F(B node $B$O!"$=$N(B network $B$N(B zone $B$NCf$N$R$H$D$K(B($B$=$7$F!"$?$@$R$H$D(B
    $B$K(B) $B=jB0$9$k!#(B
  . $B3F(B router $B$O!"<+J,$N;}$D(B routing table $B$KEPO?$5$l$F$$$kA4(B network 
    $B$K$D$$$F!"3F(B network $B$N(B zone (list) $B$r(B cache $B$9$k!#(B

  . ethernet level $B$G$O!"(Bzone $B$O!"(B9:0:7:0:0:0 -- 9:0:7:0:0:fc $B$r;H$C$?(B 
    multicast $B$G<B8=$5$l$F$$$k!#(BIP multicast $BF1MM$K(B zone $B?t$,B?$$;~$O(B 
    multiplex $B$7$F$$$k!#(B

o names (NBP)

  AppleTalk $B$G$O(B Network Visible Entity (NVE) $B$O(B node $B>e$N(B socket (IP
  $B$G$$$&(B port $B$N$h$&$J$b$N$?$@$7!"(BTCP, UDP $B$N$h$&$J6hJL$O$J$$(B)$B$G$"$k!#(B
  NVE $B$O(B 0 $B8D0J>e$NL>A0$r;}$D$3$H$,=PMh$k!#(B

  . $BL>A0$O!"(Bname:type@zone $B$H$$$&7A<0$G;XDj$5$l$k!#(B
    case insensitive $B$G$"$k!#(B
  . name $B$OG$0U$G$"$k!#(Btype $B$O(B LaserWriter $B$H$+!"(BFileServer $B$H$+$=$N<j(B
    $B$N<oJL$rI=$7!"DL>o(B well known $B$J$b$N$r;HMQ$9$k!#(B
  . name $B$H(B type $B$G$O(B `=' $B$r;XDj$9$k$H(B any $B$N0UL#$K$J$k!#(Bcharacter
    code 0xc5 $B$N(B 'nearly equal' $B$r;H$&$HItJ,0lCW$N0UL#$K$J$k!#(B
  . zone $B$K(B `*' $B$r;XDj$9$k$H$=$N(B node $B$N=jB0$9$k(B zone $B$N0UL#$K$J$k$,!"(B
    LocalTalk $B0J30$G$O(B network $B$K=P$9A0$KL@<(E*$J(B zone $B$K=$@5$7$J$1$l$P(B
    $B$J$i$J$$$3$H$K$J$C$F$$$k$N$G!"$3$3$G$O9MN8$7$J$$!#(BLocalTalk $B$G$O(B 
    router $B$,=q49$($r$*$3$J$&!#(B
    $B$?$@$7!"(Brouter $B$NL5$$(B network $B$G$O(B zone $B$OI,$:(B `*' $B$r;H$&!#(B
  . $B3F(B NVE $B$O<+J,$N(B node $B$N(B Name Binding Protocol (NBP) service
    $B$KBP$7$F<+J,$NL>A0$rEPO?$9$k!#(BNBP service $B$O(B internet $B>e$K$=$NL>A0(B
    $B$,$9$G$K;H$o$l$F$$$J$$$+$rLd$$9g$o$;!"L$;HMQ$J$i$P<+J,$N(B node $B>e$N(B
    $BL>A0$H$7$FEPO?$9$k!#(B
  . $B$3$N$h$&$K!"(Bname server $B$H$$$&$b$N$OB8:_$;$:!"L>A0$K$D$$$F$NLd$$9g(B
    $B$o$;$K$O3F(B node $B$,<+J,$+$I$&$+$rH=CG$7!"<+J,$G1~Ez$9$k!#(B
  . $B$?$@$7!"Ld$$9g$o$;$,(B network $B$r1[$($FEA$o$k$h$&$J5!9=$OJLESMQ0U$5(B
    $B$l$F$$$k!#Nc$r8e=R$9$k!#(B

o boot up
  
  node $B$,(B boot up $B$9$k;~$NF0:n$rNc$H$7$F$"$2$k!#$?$@$7!"K\Ev$K@5$7$$$+(B
  $B$O$A$g$C$H<+?.$,L5$$!#(B

  . $BA02s;HMQ$7$?(B network number, node ID $B$r;HMQ$7$F$$$k(B node $B$,L5$$$+(B
    $B$r3NG'$9$k$?$a!"Ld$$9g$o$;$r(B broadcast $B$9$k!#$3$N(B packet $B$O(B 
    broadcast $B$J$N$G(B network $B30$K$O(B forward $B$5$l$J$$!#(B
  . $B!VA02s!W$H$$$&$N$,J,$i$J$1$l$P!"(Breserved $B$J(B network number range 
    255.0 -- 255.254 $B$+$iE,Ev$J(B network number $B$rA*$S(B($BG$0U(B)$B!"E,Ev$J(B 
    node ID $B$rA*$SF1MM$KLd$$9g$o$;$r$9$k!#$3$l$i$O!"(Binvalid $B$J$N$GJ#?t(B
    $B$N(B node $B$,F1;~$K5/F0F0:n$r$7$F$$$J$1$l$P!"$9$0$K(B confirm $B$G$-$k!#(B
    $BD>A0$NNc$G(B network number $B$,4V0c$C$F$$$?>l9g(B($B0z1[$7$N8e$J$I(B)$B$bF1MM!#(B
  . $B$H$j$"$($:(B network $BFb$G(B unicast $B$r$9$k$?$a$N(B node ID $B$,<j$K$O$$$C(B
    $B$?$N$G!"(Bnetwork $B>pJs$rMW5a$9$k(B broadcast $B$r9T$J$&!#(B
  . router $B$O!"$=$l$KBP$7$F!"$3$N(B network $B$N(B network number range,
    zone $B0lMw(B, default zone, A-router($B!V:G4s$j!W$N(B router) $B$N(B node ID 
    $B$r(B unicast $B$GEz$($k!#$?$@$7!"(Bnetwork number $B$,(B invalid $B$J>l9g$K$O(B 
    broadcast $B$GEz$($k!#(B
  . invalid $B$J(B network number $B$r;H$C$F$$$?>l9g$O$?$@$7$$$b$N$KJQ99$7$F!"(B
    $B?7$?$K(B node ID $B$r<hF@$9$k!#(B
  . zone $B$,(B valid $B$@$C$?$J$i$P$=$N(B zone $B$r$D$+$&!#(Binvalid $B$@$C$?$J$i!"(B
    $B$H$j$"$($:(B default zone $B$r$D$+$&!#5/F0$7$?3F(B NVE $B$O<+J,$NL>A0$r(B 
    NBP service $B$XEPO?$9$k!#(B
  . $B=`Hw40N;!#(B

  $BJ#;($J<j=g$r$H$C$F$$$k$h$&$K;W$o$l$k$,!"$3$l$O(B router $B$,B8:_$7$J$$(B 
  network $B$G$b$&$^$/(B network $BFbDL?.$,$G$-$k$h$&$K@_7W$5$l$F$$$k$+$i$G(B
  $B$"$k!#(B

o name resolving

  mac $B$r;H$C$F$$$k;~$K(B selector $B$J$I$G(B zone $B$rA*$S0lMw$rI=<($5$;!"$=$N(B
  $BCf$+$i$R$H$D$rA*$V$H$$$&2aDx$G9T$J$o$l$F$$$kDL?.$NNc$r$"$2$k!#(BNVE $B$N(B 
  type $B$O(B TYPE-A$B!"(Buser $B$,A*$s$@(B zone $B$O(B ZONE-A $B$H$9$k!#(B

  . $B!V:G4s$j!W$N(B router $B$X(B internet $BCf$NA4(B zone $B$N0lMw$r(B unicast $B$GMW5a!#(B
  . router $BF1;N$O>o;~(B zone $B>pJs$r8r49$7$F$$$k$N$G!"(Brouter $B$,(B cache $B$7(B
    $B$F$$$k>pJs$r(B unicast $B$GJVEz!#(B
  . node $B$O!V:G4s$j!W$N(B router $B$X(B `=:TYPE-A@ZONE-A' $B$H$$$&(B NBP $BLd$$9g(B
    $B$o$;$r(B broadcast $B$9$k$h$&$KMW5a$9$k(B(unicast)$B!#(B
  . router $B$O!"(Brouting & zone $B>pJs(B table ($B@53N$K$O0[$J$k(B service $B$,6((B
    $BD4$7$J$,$i!"$=$l$>$l4IM}$7$F$$$k(B) $B$r$_$F!"(BZONE-A $B$r4^$`(B network $B$r(B
    $B$9$Y$FC5$7!"$=$l$i$N(B network $B$N(B node ID 0 ($B$=$N(B network $B$G$b$C$H$b(B
    $B$3$N(B network $B$K6a$$(B router) $B$X(B broadcast $BMW5a$r(B forward $B$9$k(B
    (unicast; $B$?$@$7$b$A$m$s(Binternet $BCf$r(B routing $B$9$k(B)$B!#(B
  . broadcast $BMW5a$r(B forward $B$5$l$?(B router $B$O!"$=$N(B network $B$X(B 
    (ethernet $B$N(B multicast $B$r;H$C$F(B) `=:TYPE-A@ZONE-A' $B$NLd$$9g$o$;$r(B 
    $B$=$N(B zone $B$X(B broadcast $B$9$k!#(B
  . $BLd$$9g$o$;$N(B broadcast $B$r<u$1<h$C$?(B node ($B$N(B NBP service)$B$O!"<+J,(B
    $B$,$=$NL>A0$K(B match $B$9$k$+$rH=CG$7!"(Bmatch $B$9$k>l9g$O!"$=$NL>A0(B($B$3$3(B
    $B$G$O(B meta character $B$OF~$i$J$$(B)$B$H(B address, socket $B$r!"$=$b$=$b$NLd(B
    $B$$9g$o$;$r$7$?(B node $B$XD>@\(B unicast $B$GJVEz$9$k!#(B
  . node $B$O$3$NJVEz$r=8$a!"0lMw$H$7$F(B user $B$KI=<($7A*$P$;$k!#$h$C$FA*(B
    $B$s$@;~$K$O(B NVE $B$O(B address, socket $B$H$$$&6qBNE*$J7A$GFCDj$G$-$F$$$k!#(B

o $B9M;!(B

  . AppleTalk $B$O!"(Bnode $B$d(B router$B!"$=$7$F(B network $B$,8=$l$?$j>C$($?$j$9(B
    $B$k$3$H$OA[Dj$5$l$F$$$k$,!"(Bseed router $B$N$b$D(B*$B>pJs(B*$B$K$O@dBP$N?.Mj$r(B
    $B$*$$$F$$$k!#$h$C$F$3$l$i$N@_Dj$,(B consistant $B$GL5$$>l9g$K$O!"(B
    internet $BCf$,:.Mp$9$k!#(B

  . node ID $B$O(B dynamic assignment $B$J$N$G!"$R$H$D$N(B 
    network $B$,J#?t$NJ*M}(B segment $B$KJL$l$F$$$F!">c32$K$h$j(B isolate $B$9$k(B
    $B$3$H$,$"$k$HLdBj$,@8$8$k!#$D$^$j(B isolate $B$7$?(B A $B$H$$$&ItJ,$H(B B $B$H(B
    $B$$$&ItJ,$G$O!"$=$l$>$l$K(B node ID N $B$H$$$&$b$N$,B8:_$G$-$F$7$^$&$,!"(B
    network $B$,I|5l$7$?=V4V$K(B node ID $B$N(B conflict $B$,H/@8$7!"DL?.$,GKC>(B
    $B$9$k!#J*M}(B segment $B$HO@M}(B segment $B$r0lCW$5$;$l$P$3$NLdBj$O@8$8$J$$(B
    ($B$O$:(B?)$B!#(B

  . $B$9$Y$F$N(B network $B$K6&DL$N(B zone $B$r:n$C$?>l9g!"(Bname resolving $B$NNc$G(B
    $B$"$2$?$h$&$K!"$9$Y$F$N(B network $B$K>o$K(B broadcast $B$,N.$lB3$1$k$3$H$K(B
    $B$J$k!#(Btraffic $B$H$7$F$O!"(Brouting $B>pJs$d(B forwarding packet $B$bH/@8$9(B
    $B$k$3$H$r9M$($k$H!"(Brouter $B$r(B learning bridge $B$H$7$F1?MQ$7$F$$$k;~$h(B
    $B$j$bA}$($F$7$^$&$b$N$H;W$o$l$k(B(?)$B!#(B