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Article #16

[PGP ONLY TO IP] Applications libres seulement pour Grandes Personnes ?

#16
From: Laetitia
Date: Sat, 11 Oct 2008 11:59
107 lines
6222 bytes
Salut (hallo, if you prefer), et (ou) Pour Grand Public ?

[EN WIKI MODE] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a computer program that provides 
cryptographic privacy and authentication.

PGP is often used for signing, encrypting and decrypting e-mails to 
increase the security of e-mail communications.

It was originally created by [PZ] Philip Zimmermann (in 1991).

How PGP encryption works

PGP encryption uses public-key cryptography and includes a system which 
binds the public keys to a user name and/or an e-mail address. The 
first version of this system was generally known as a web of trust to 
contrast with the X.509 system which uses a hierarchical approach based 
on certificate authority and which was added to PGP implementations 
later.

Current versions of PGP encryption include both alternatives through an 
automated key management server ...

Digital signatures [edit]

PGP supports message authentication and integrity checking.

The latter is used to detect whether a message has been altered since 
it was completed (the message integrity property), and the former to 
determine whether it was actually sent by the person/entity claimed to 
be the sender (a digital signature).

In PGP, these are used by default in conjunction with encryption, but 
can be applied to plaintext as well. The sender uses PGP to create a 
digital signature for the message with either the RSA or DSA signature 
algorithms. To do so, PGP computes a hash (also called a message 
digest) from the plaintext, and then creates the digital signature from 
that hash using the sender's private keys.

The message recipient uses the sender's public key and the digital 
signature to recover the original message digest.

He compares this message digest with the message digest he computed 
her/himself from the (recovered) plaintext. If the signature matches 
the received plaintext's message digest, it must be presumed (to a very 
high degree of confidence) that the message received has not been 
corrupted, either deliberately or accidentally.

As well, since it was properly signed, it is very likely (to a very 
high degree of confidence) that the claimed sender actually did send it 
...

[FR WIKI MODE] http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_good_privacy

Pretty good privacy, un article de Wikip�dia : l'encyclop�die (en 
ligne) dite "libre" ...

Le logiciel Pretty Good Privacy (ou PGP) fut un logiciel de chiffrement 
et (ou) de signature de donn�es utilisant la cryptographie asym�trique 
(mais �galement la cryptographie sym�trique). Il ferait (donc) partie 
des logiciels de cryptographie dit hybride ...

Philip Zimmermann, son d�veloppeur, mit PGP en libre t�l�chargement en 
1991. Violant de fa�on subtile les restrictions � l'exportation pour 
les produits cryptographiques (il l'avait ajout� sur un c�l�bre site 
web am�ricain o� il �tait possible de le charger, depuis n'importe 
o�...), PGP fut tr�s mal accueilli par le gouvernement am�ricain qui 
ouvrit une enqu�te en 1993 -- enqu�te abandonn�e en 1996, et sans 
jamais dire pourquoi ?

� l'�poque o� GnuPG, autre logiciel "libre" dit compatible (utilisant 
le m�me format mais en OpenPGP), n'�tait pas encore tr�s utilis�, PGP 
fut un logiciel gratuit (pas libre mais "semi-libre")r�put� en 
cryptographie asym�trique, comme �tant le plus s�r au monde ?

Son code source �tant ouvert (bien qu'il (ne) soit pas (en) "open 
source"), et �tant (toujours) soutenu par son auteur Philip Zimmerman, 
il poss�derait encore la confiance relative d'un grand nombre 
d'utilisateurs (en particulier envers la pr�sence �ventuelle de 
backdoors...) ?

Zimmermann soulignera lors du proc�s qu'il d�veloppait PGP dans un 
souci du droit � la vie priv�e et (ou) de progr�s d�mocratique ? �... 
PGP donnerait aux gens le pouvoir de prendre en main leur intimit� ... 
Il y aurait un besoin social croissant pour cela ... C'est pourquoi je 
l'avais cr�� ...�

Il explique aussi que � Si l'intimit� est mise hors la loi, seuls les 
hors-la-loi auront une intimit�... Les agences de renseignement avaient 
acc�s � ces technologies cryptographiques, depuis des lustres... De 
m�me que les trafiquants d'armes et de drogue ?

Mais les personnes *ordinaires* et (ou) *organisations politiques* 
dites de base n'avaient "jamais" eu acc�s � ces technologies 
cryptographiques dites de : �... *qualit� militaire*� abordable. 
Jusqu'� pr�sent ...� (pour la plupart d'entre-elles) ?

Merci (thanks, but fu2:fr.sci.zetetique, only).
Not fu2:fr.comp.securite (french civil lounge usenet because reserved)

-- 
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rg, fv yrf enerf fheivinagf cneivraarag � ar cyhf pbzceraqer
yrhef t�avnhk pbaprcgrhef, y'vapbzce�urafvba qrivraqen gbgnyr,
pr fren nybef rasva y'ncbpnylcfr rg, gnag q�fve�r cne pregnvaf ?
Signature francophone, r�dig�e en rot13.
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Subject: [PGP ONLY TO IP] Applications libres seulement pour Grandes Personnes ?
From: Laetitia <lgeme@invalid.fr>
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