Article View: gnu.misc.discuss
Article #72588On the multiple definitions of "free"
From: Conway Yee
Date: Tue, 28 Jan 1992 01:26
Date: Tue, 28 Jan 1992 01:26
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2302 bytes
It has been stated here on gnu.misc.discuss and elsewhere that the definition of "free" wrt gnu means unencumbered so that people are "free" to use existing source code NOT "free" as in cost. This may be the definition in use today, but was it always so? I quote from the "GNU Manifesto" found in the GNU Emacs Manual First Edition, Emacs Version 16 which was dated June 1985 and authored by Richard Stallman. On page 183 at the bottom, I quote: "Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software free, just like air. This means much more than just saving everyone the price of a Unix license. It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming effort will be avoided. This effort can go instead into advancing the state of the art." Of the 4 sentences quoted, the last two explicitly mean the current definition of "free" as in unencumbered but the first two sentences imply the lack of cost definition. This is implied in sentence 1 since air is used without cost. In sentence 2, he says "... saving everyone the price ...". To me, this is an explicit reference to the lack of cost definition of "free". Thus, it appears as if Richard Stallman originally meant for "free" to mean BOTH definitions of "free". Has the GNU definition of "free" been retconned? Comments anyone? -- Blockley Hall, 4th floor| Conway Yee, N2JWQ 418 Service Drive |yee@ming.mipg.upenn.edu (preferred) Philadelphia, PA 19104 |cy5@cunixa.cc.columbia.edu (forwarded to above) (215) 662-6780 |yee@bnlx26.nsls.bnl.gov (rarely checked)
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X-Google-Language: ENGLISH,ASCII-7-bit X-Google-Thread: 1025b4,c1e13a8fc31fc719,start X-Google-Attributes: gid1025b4,public X-Google-ArrivalTime: 1992-01-27 21:22:52 PST Path: arc1-ca.pugleaf.net!sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu!linac!uchinews!msuinfo!netnews.upenn.edu!mipgsun.mipg.upenn.edu From: yee@mipgsun.mipg.upenn.edu (Conway Yee) Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss Subject: On the multiple definitions of "free" Message-ID: <63899@netnews.upenn.edu> Date: 28 Jan 92 01:26:14 GMT Sender: news@netnews.upenn.edu Distribution: gnu Organization: University of Pennsylvania Lines: 39 Nntp-Posting-Host: mipgsun.mipg.upenn.edu