🚀 go-pugleaf

RetroBBS NetNews Server

Inspired by RockSolid Light RIP Retro Guy

Article View: ieee.tcos
Article #8

mosix.ps (Mosix project description)

#8
From: Darrell Long
Date: Wed, 07 Oct 1992 18:32
339 lines
22240 bytes
%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Creator: dvips 5.479 Copyright 1986-92 Radical Eye Software
%%Title: ie.dvi
%%Pages: 2 1
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
%%DocumentFonts: Times-Roman Times-Bold Times-Italic Times-Oblique
%%EndComments
%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -o ie.ps ie
%%BeginProcSet: tex.pro
/TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N /X{S N}
B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /@rigin{isls{[0 -1 1 0 0 0]
concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{Resolution hsize
-72 div mul 0 TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix
currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put
setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B /@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed
true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N
/IE 0 N /ctr 0 N /df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin /FontType 3 N /FontMatrix
fntrx N /FontBBox FBB N string /base X array /BitMaps X /BuildChar{
CharBuilder}N /Encoding IE N end dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn
put /ctr 0 N[}B /df{/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B /dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0
0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B /E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B /ch-width{ch-data
dup length 5 sub get}B /ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B /ch-xoff{128
ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B /ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127
sub}B /ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B /ch-image{ch-data dup type
/stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B /id 0 N /rw 0 N /rc 0 N /gp 0 N
/cp 0 N /G 0 N /sf 0 N /CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup /base get 2 index get
S /BitMaps get S get /ch-data X pop /ctr 0 N ch-dx 0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height
sub ch-xoff ch-width add ch-yoff setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true[1 0 0
-1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{ch-image}imagemask restore}B /D{/cc X dup
type /stringtype ne{]}if nn /base get cc ctr put nn /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1
ne{dup dup length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if put /ctr ctr 1 add N}
B /I{cc 1 add D}B /bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N @rigin
0 0 moveto}N /eop{SI restore showpage userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}N
/@start{userdict /start-hook known{start-hook}if /VResolution X /Resolution X
1000 div /DVImag X /IE 256 array N 0 1 255{IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn
put}for 65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N /p{show}N /RMat[1 0 0 -1
0 0]N /BDot 260 string N /rulex 0 N /ruley 0 N /v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B /V
statusdict begin /product where{pop product dup length 7 ge{0 7 getinterval
(Display)eq}{pop false}ifelse}{false}ifelse end{{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR 1 1 scale
rulex ruley false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}{{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR rulex
ruley scale 1 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}ifelse B /a{moveto}B
/delta 0 N /tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B /M{S p delta add tail}B /b{S p tail}
B /c{-4 M}B /d{-3 M}B /e{-2 M}B /f{-1 M}B /g{0 M}B /h{1 M}B /i{2 M}B /j{3 M}B
/k{4 M}B /w{0 rmoveto}B /l{p -4 w}B /m{p -3 w}B /n{p -2 w}B /o{p -1 w}B /q{p 1
w}B /r{p 2 w}B /s{p 3 w}B /t{p 4 w}B /x{0 S rmoveto}B /y{3 2 roll p a}B /bos{
/SS save N}B /eos{SS restore}B end
%%EndProcSet
%%BeginProcSet: texps.pro
TeXDict begin /rf{655360 div mul 7227 div Resolution mul /PixPerEm X findfont
dup length 1 add dict /nn X{1 index /FID ne{nn 3 1 roll put}{pop pop}ifelse}
forall nn /Encoding get 1 0 1 255{2 index exch get /.notdef ne{1 add}if}for
dict begin 0 1 255{255 exch sub 2 copy get 3 index 2 index get 1000 mul
PixPerEm div def pop}for pop pop nn /Metrics currentdict put end{/foo setfont}
2 array copy cvx dup 0 nn dup definefont[PixPerEm 0 0 PixPerEm VResolution mul
Resolution div neg 0 0]makefont dup /nn X put N}N /ObliqueSlant{dup sin S cos
div neg}B /SlantFont{/foo X[1 0 foo 1 0 0]TransFont}N /ExtendFont{/foo X 3 2
roll[S{foo div}forall]3 1 roll[foo 0 0 1 0 0]TransFont}N /TransFont{S findfont
S makefont dup length dict /nn X{1 index /FID ne{nn 3 1 roll put}{pop pop}
ifelse}forall dup nn definefont pop}N end
%%EndProcSet
TeXDict begin 40258437 52099154 1000 300 300 @start /Fa [ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 10 14 17 21 21 35 32 14 14 14 21 23 10 14 10 12 21 21 21
21 21 21 21 21 21 21 12 12 23 23 23 18 38 30 28 28 30 25 23
30 30 14 16 30 25 37 30 30 23 30 28 23 25 30 30 39 30 30 25
14 12 14 19 21 14 18 21 18 21 18 14 21 21 12 12 21 12 32 21
21 21 21 14 16 12 21 21 30 21 21 18 20 8 20 22 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14
21 21 7 21 21 21 21 7 18 21 14 14 23 23 0 21 21 21 10 0 19
15 14 18 18 21 42 42 0 18 0 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 0 14 14
0 14 14 14 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 11 0 0 0
0 25 30 37 13 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 12 0 0 12 21 30 21 0 0 0 0
] /Times-Oblique /Times-Roman .167 SlantFont 1000 655360 rf
/Fb [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 10 14 17 21 21 35 32 14 14 14 21 28 10 14 10 12 21
21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 14 14 28 28 28 21 38 25 25 28 30
25 25 30 30 14 18 28 23 35 28 30 25 30 25 21 23 30 25 35 25
23 23 16 12 16 18 21 14 21 21 18 21 18 12 21 21 12 12 18 12
30 21 21 21 21 16 16 12 21 18 28 18 18 16 17 11 17 22 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 16 21 21 7 21 21 21 21 9 23 21 14 14 21 21 0 21 21 21 10
0 22 15 14 23 23 21 37 42 0 21 0 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 0
14 14 0 14 14 14 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 11
0 0 0 0 23 30 39 13 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 12 0 0 12 21 28 21 0
0 0 0 ] /Times-Italic 1000 655360 rf /Fc [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 14 17
17 28 26 11 11 11 17 19 8 11 8 9 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17
17 9 9 19 19 19 15 31 24 22 22 24 20 18 24 24 11 13 24 20 30
24 24 18 24 22 18 20 24 24 31 24 24 20 11 9 11 16 17 11 15
17 15 17 15 11 17 17 9 9 17 9 26 17 17 17 17 11 13 9 17 17
24 17 17 15 16 7 16 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 17 17 6 17 17 17 17 6 15
17 11 11 18 18 0 17 17 17 8 0 15 12 11 15 15 17 33 33 0 15
0 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 0 11 11 0 11 11 11 33 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 9 0 0 0 0 20 24 30 10 0 0 0 0 0 22
0 0 0 9 0 0 9 17 24 17 0 0 0 0 ] /Times-Roman 1000 524288 rf
/Fd [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 6 8 10 12 12 21 19 8 8 8 12 14 6 8 6 7 12 12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 7 7 14 14 14 11 23 18 17 17 18 15 14 18 18
8 10 18 15 22 18 18 14 18 17 14 15 18 18 24 18 18 15 8 7 8
12 12 8 11 12 11 12 11 8 12 12 7 7 12 7 19 12 12 12 12 8 10
7 12 12 18 12 12 11 12 5 12 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 12 12 4 12 12 12
12 4 11 12 8 8 14 14 0 12 12 12 6 0 11 9 8 11 11 12 25 25 0
11 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 8 8 0 8 8 8 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 22 0 7 0 0 0 0 15 18 22 8 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 7 0
0 7 12 18 12 0 0 0 0 ] /Times-Roman 1000 393216 rf /Fe [ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 7 10 12 15 15 24 23 10 10 10 15 16 7 10 7 8 15 15 15 15 15
15 15 15 15 15 8 8 16 16 16 13 27 21 19 19 21 18 16 21 21 10
11 21 18 26 21 21 16 21 19 16 18 21 21 27 21 21 18 10 8 10
14 15 10 13 15 13 15 13 10 15 15 8 8 15 8 23 15 15 15 15 10
11 8 15 15 21 15 15 13 14 6 14 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 15 15 5 15 15
15 15 5 13 15 10 10 16 16 0 15 15 15 7 0 13 10 10 13 13 15
29 29 0 13 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 0 10 10 0 10 10 10 29
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 8 0 0 0 0 18 21 26 9 0
0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 8 0 0 8 15 21 15 0 0 0 0 ] /Times-Roman 1000
458752 rf /Ff [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 14 23 21 21 42 35 14 14 14 21 24 10
14 10 12 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 14 14 24 24 24 21 39
30 28 30 30 28 25 32 32 16 21 32 28 39 30 32 25 32 30 23 28
30 30 42 30 30 28 14 12 14 24 21 14 21 23 18 23 18 14 21 23
12 14 23 12 35 23 21 23 23 18 16 14 23 21 30 21 21 18 16 9
16 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 21 21 7 21 21 21 21 12 21 21 14 14 23 23 0
21 21 21 10 0 22 15 14 21 21 21 42 42 0 21 0 14 14 14 14 14
14 14 14 0 14 14 0 14 14 14 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 42 0 12 0 0 0 0 28 32 42 14 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 12 0 0 12
21 30 23 0 0 0 0 ] /Times-Bold 1000 655360 rf /Fg [ 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
14 17 21 21 35 32 14 14 14 21 23 10 14 10 12 21 21 21 21 21
21 21 21 21 21 12 12 23 23 23 18 38 30 28 28 30 25 23 30 30
14 16 30 25 37 30 30 23 30 28 23 25 30 30 39 30 30 25 14 12
14 19 21 14 18 21 18 21 18 14 21 21 12 12 21 12 32 21 21 21
21 14 16 12 21 21 30 21 21 18 20 8 20 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 21 21
7 21 21 21 21 7 18 21 14 14 23 23 0 21 21 21 10 0 19 15 14
18 18 21 42 42 0 18 0 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 0 14 14 0 14
14 14 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 11 0 0 0 0 25
30 37 13 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 12 0 0 12 21 30 21 0 0 0 0 ] /Times-Roman
1000 655360 rf /Fh [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 19 32 29 29 58 48 19 19 19 29
33 15 19 15 16 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 19 19 33 33 33
29 54 42 39 42 42 39 36 45 45 23 29 45 39 55 42 45 36 45 42
32 39 42 42 58 42 42 39 19 16 19 34 29 19 29 32 26 32 26 19
29 32 16 19 32 16 48 32 29 32 32 26 23 19 32 29 42 29 29 26
23 13 23 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 29 29 10 29 29 29 29 16 29 29 19 19
32 32 0 29 29 29 15 0 31 20 19 29 29 29 58 58 0 29 0 19 19
19 19 19 19 19 19 0 19 19 0 19 19 19 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 58 0 17 0 0 0 0 39 45 58 19 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0
16 0 0 16 29 42 32 0 0 0 0 ] /Times-Bold 1000 917504 rf /Fi
[ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 12 17 20 25 25 41 39 17 17 17 25 28 12 17 12 14 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 14 14 28 28 28 22 46 36 33 33 36 30
28 36 36 17 19 36 30 44 36 36 28 36 33 28 30 36 36 47 36 36
30 17 14 17 23 25 17 22 25 22 25 22 17 25 25 14 14 25 14 39
25 25 25 25 17 19 14 25 25 36 25 25 22 24 10 24 27 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
17 25 25 8 25 25 25 25 9 22 25 17 17 28 28 0 25 25 25 12 0
23 17 17 22 22 25 50 50 0 22 0 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 0 17
17 0 17 17 17 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 0 14 0
0 0 0 30 36 44 15 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 14 0 0 14 25 36 25 0 0
0 0 ] /Times-Roman 1000 786432 rf /Fj [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 23 29 35 35
59 55 23 23 23 35 40 18 23 18 20 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35
35 20 20 40 40 40 31 65 51 47 47 51 43 39 51 51 23 27 51 43
63 51 51 39 51 47 39 43 51 51 67 51 51 43 23 20 23 33 35 23
31 35 31 35 31 23 35 35 20 20 35 20 55 35 35 35 35 23 27 20
35 35 51 35 35 31 34 14 34 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 35 35 12 35 35 35
35 13 31 35 23 23 39 39 0 35 35 35 18 0 32 25 23 31 31 35 71
71 0 31 0 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 0 23 23 0 23 23 23 71 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 0 19 0 0 0 0 43 51 63 22 0 0
0 0 0 47 0 0 0 20 0 0 20 35 51 35 0 0 0 0 ] /Times-Roman 1000
1114112 rf end
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
%%Feature: *Resolution 300
TeXDict begin

%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
bop 861 286 a Fj(MOSIX)539 407 y Fi(The)13 b(Hebrew)f(University)g(of)g
(Jerusalem,)h(Israel)0 570 y Fh(Personnel)144 654 y Fg(Principal)d
(investigator)47 b(Amnon)10 b(Barak)550 704 y(Gad)h(Aharoni)550
754 y(Ron)f(Ben-Natan)550 804 y(Shai)h(Guday)550 853 y(Michal)f(Miskin)550
903 y(Ury)g(Segal)550 953 y(Y)-5 b(uval)11 b(Y)l(arom)0 1083
y Fh(Contact)0 1178 y Fg(Prof.)f(Amnon)g(Barak)0 1228 y(Department)g(of)g
(Computer)g(Science)0 1277 y(The)h(Hebrew)g(University)d(of)i(Jerusalem)0
1327 y(Jerusalem)h(91904,)f(Israel)0 1377 y(amnon@cs.huji.ac.il)0
1522 y Fh(Pr)o(oject)0 1617 y Ff(MOSIX)17 b Fg(is)f(a)g(general-purpose)f
Ff(M)p Fg(ulticomputer)g Ff(O)p Fg(perating)0 1666 y Ff(S)p
Fg(ystem)g(which)f Ff(I)p Fg(ntegrates)h(a)g(cluster)f(of)g(loosely)g
(connected,)0 1716 y(independent)22 b(computers)i(\(nodes\))f(into)f(a)i
(single-machine)0 1766 y(UNI)p Ff(X)104 1751 y Fe(1)131 1766
y Fg(environment.)16 b(The)11 b(main)g(properties)f(of)g(MOSIX)h(are)0
1816 y(its)d(high)g(degree)h(of)g(integration)e(and)i(the)f(possibility)e(of)
j(scaling)0 1866 y(the)i(con\256guration)f(to)h(a)i(lar)o(ge)f(number)f(of)g
(nodes.)19 b(Developed)0 1915 y(originally)6 b(for)j(a)g(network)f(of)h
(uniprocessor)f(nodes,)i(it)e(was)h(also)0 1965 y(enhanced)i(to)f(support)f
(nodes)h(with)f(multiple)g(processors.)0 2110 y Fh(Description)0
2205 y Fg(The)15 b(motivation)e(behind)g(the)i(MOSIX)f(project)g(has)h(been)g
(re-)0 2254 y(search)d(and)f(development)f(in)g(distributed)f(operating)g
(systems,)0 2304 y(including)e(the)i(exploration)f(of)h(kernel)g
(architectures,)h(internal-)0 2354 y(system)e(mechanisms,)i(communication)c
(protocols,)h(control)f(al-)0 2404 y(gorithms,)h(scaling)f(and)h(the)g
(support)f(of)g(concurrency)m(,)j(and)e(mul-)0 2454 y(tiprocessing.)27
b(The)15 b(resulting)f(system)h(is)f(intended)g(for)g(lar)o(ge)0
2504 y(multiuser)c(environments,)h(for)f(users)h(executing)g(a)g(lar)o(ge)h
(num-)0 2553 y(ber)g(of)f(independent)f(tasks,)i(e.g.,)h(multiple)d(windows,)
h(and)h(for)p 0 2593 382 2 v 45 2620 a Fd(1)60 2632 y Fc(UNIX)c(is)h(a)f
(trademark)e(of)i(A)l(T&T)n(.)996 570 y Fg(applications)13
b(that)g(can)i(bene\256t)f(from)g(concurrent)f(processing)996
619 y(with)f(coarse)i(or)e(medium)h(granularity)e(using)h(a)i(lar)o(ge)f
(number)996 669 y(of)d(nodes.)1037 724 y(By)29 b(restructuring)e(the)i(UNIX)g
(kernel)g(into)f(machine-)996 774 y(dependent)12 b(and)h(machine-independent)
g(parts,)g(each)h(MOSIX)996 824 y(kernel)d(isolates)g(the)g(user)r(')n(s)f
(processes)j(from)e(the)g(speci\256c)h(pro-)996 873 y(cessor)f(in)f(which)g
(they)g(execute,)i(while)e(at)h(the)f(same)i(time)f(pro-)996
923 y(viding)e(these)j(processes)g(with)e(the)h(standard)g(UNIX)g(interface.)
996 973 y(In)d(order)g(to)f(provide)g(ef)o(\256cient)i(network-wide)e
(services,)j(dif)o(fer)o(-)996 1023 y(ent)g(MOSIX)h(kernels)f(interact)g(at)h
(the)f(system-call)h(level.)16 b(This)996 1073 y(means)g(that)e(processes)i
(are)f(executed)g(in)f(a)i(site-independent)996 1123 y(mode)c(and)h(that)e
(all)h(system)h(calls)g(are)g(executed)g(in)e(a)i(uniform)996
1172 y(way)m(,)d(regardless)f(of)g(the)g(initiating)d(site)j(and)g(the)f
(site)h(which)g(has)996 1222 y(the)i(tar)o(get)h(object.)20
b(The)12 b(or)o(ganization)f(of)h(the)g(MOSIX)f(kernel)996
1272 y(allows)f(a)h(uni\256ed,)f(network-wide)f(interaction)g(among)h
(hetero-)996 1322 y(geneous)16 b(computers,)j(i.e.,)g(it)d(can)h(be)g
(implemented)f(on)g(any)996 1372 y(hardware.)33 b(Another)16
b(outcome)g(of)g(this)f(or)o(ganization)g(is)h(the)996 1421
y(possibility)f(for)i(process)h(migration)f(among)h(\(homogeneous)996
1471 y(subsets)10 b(of\))g(processors)g(to)g(improve)g(the)g(response)h
(time.)1037 1526 y(The)16 b(other)e(main)h(property)f(of)g(MOSIX)h(is)f(the)h
(possibility)996 1576 y(of)d(scaling)g(the)g(con\256guration)f(to)h(a)h(lar)o
(ge)g(number)g(of)f(proces-)996 1626 y(sors.)18 b(This)11 b(is)g(achieved)h
(by)f(ensuring)g(that)f(all)h(kernel)g(interac-)996 1676 y(tions)f(involve)h
(at)g(most)h(two)f(processors,)i(and)f(by)f(limiting)e(the)996
1725 y(network-related)i(activities)g(at)h(each)i(node,)f(using)e
(probabilis-)996 1775 y(tic)h(algorithms.)20 b(In)12 b(other)g(words,)h(the)f
(design)g(of)g(the)g(internal)996 1825 y(management)7 b(and)g(control)g
(algorithms)g(in)g(MO)o(SIX)g(is)g(such)g(t)o(hat)996 1875
y(each)j(processor)f(has)g(a)h(\256xed)f(amount)f(of)h(overhead,)h
(regardless)996 1925 y(of)g(the)g(size)h(of)f(the)g(network.)1037
1979 y(The)24 b(hardware)g(con\256guration)e(for)g(MOSIX)h(is)h(a)f(clus-)996
2029 y(ter)17 b(of)g(loosely-coupled,)h(independent)f(computers)g(\(nodes\),)
996 2079 y(which)k(may)i(consist)e(of)h(any)g(combination)e(of)i(uniproces-)
996 2129 y(sor)15 b(nodes,)i(shared-memory)f(multiprocessors,)g(and)g
(shared-)996 2179 y(device)8 b(multicomputers,)f(interconnected)g(by)g
(communication)996 2229 y(links.)17 b(These)12 b(communication)f(links)f(are)
i(used)g(for)e(kernel-to-)996 2278 y(kernel)g(interaction.)k(In)9
b(order)h(to)f(provide)g(high)g(reliability)f(and)996 2328
y(ef)o(\256ciency)18 b(and)g(to)f(support)f(scaling,)k(MOSIX)d(uses)i
(private)996 2378 y(communication)13 b(protocols)f(which)h(have)i(been)f
(carefully)f(de-)996 2428 y(signed)f(to)g(guarantee)h(bus)g(performance)g
(and)g(reliability)d(over)996 2478 y(a)h(local)f(area)h(network)f(\(LAN\).)
1037 2532 y(The)e(original)e(version)h(of)g(MOSIX)h(,)g(called)g(MOS,)f(was)i
(com-)996 2582 y(patible)d(with)h(UNIX)g(V)-5 b(ersion)7 b(7.)14
b(It)7 b(was)h(developed)f(in)g(1982)g(for)996 2632 y(a)h(cluster)f(of)g
(PDP-11)g(computers)g(interconnected)g(by)g(ProNET)l(-)p eop
%%Page: 2 2
bop 0 154 a Fg(10,)15 b(a)f(10)f(Mb/s)h(LAN.)g(This)g(system)g(was)h(ported)e
(in)g(1984)g(to)0 203 y(a)f(cluster)f(of)g(CADMUS/PCS,)g(MC68000-based)f
(computers.)0 253 y(Later)j(versions)e(of)h(MOSIX)g(were)h(redeveloped)f(for)
f(Digital')n(s)0 303 y(V)-5 b(AX)17 b(and)g(National')n(s)f(32000)g(families)
h(of)f(computers)h(con-)0 353 y(nected)d(by)f(Ethernet.)25
b(These)15 b(versions)e(are)h(compatible)f(with)0 403 y(A)-5
b(T&T)14 b(UNIX)e(V)-5 b(ersion)13 b(5.2.)21 b(In)12 b(all)g(of)h(these)f
(con\256gurations,)0 452 y(each)j(node)f(is)f(a)h(uniprocessor)n(,)h
(independent)e(UNIX)h(system,)0 502 y(with)9 b(complete)i(hardware)g(and)g
(software)g(facilities,)f(while)g(the)0 552 y(whole)g(cluster)g(behaves)h
(like)f(a)g(single)g(UNIX)g(machine.)42 607 y(In)15 b(1989)g(MOSIX)g(was)i
(enhanced)f(to)f(handle)h(nodes)f(with)0 657 y(several)e(processors.)21
b(As)12 b(in)g(the)g(uniprocessor)f(case,)j(MOSIX)0 707 y(can)h(be)f(used)g
(to)f(integrate)g(a)h(cluster)g(of)g(several)g(such)g(nodes.)0
756 y(However)n(,)k(in)c(this)h(recent)g(implementation,)h(each)h(node)e(is)g
(a)0 806 y(multiprocessor)c(system)h(with)f(several)h(independent)f(process-)
0 856 y(ing)h(elements,)j(each)g(with)d(its)h(own)f(local)h(memory)m(.)25
b(Since)14 b(in)0 906 y(this)7 b(con\256guration)g(several)g(p)o(rocessors)g
(are)g(placed)g(in)g(t)o(he)g(same)0 956 y(enclosure,)j(we)f(call)g(this)g
(multiprocessor)e(node)i(a)h Fb(workstation.)0 1005 y Fg(The)j(term)f
Fb(pr)n(ocessor)i Fg(refers)e(to)g(a)h(single)e(processing)h(element)0
1055 y(within)c(a)j(workstation.)42 1110 y(The)c(main)g(characteristics)h(of)
f(the)g(workstation)e(MOSIX)i(are:)31 1208 y(1.)21 b Ff(Replicated)8
b(kernel)p Fg(:)15 b(the)8 b(system)h(kernel)f(is)g(replicated)g(in)83
1258 y(each)j(processor)31 1361 y(2.)21 b Ff(T)m(ranspar)o(ency)p
Fg(:)27 b(the)16 b(bus)g(and)g(the)g(network)f(are)i(com-)83
1411 y(pletely)9 b(invisible)g(at)h(the)g(user)h(level)31 1514
y(3.)21 b Ff(Decentralized)14 b(contr)o(ol)p Fg(:)19 b(each)14
b(workstation)c(makes)k(all)83 1564 y(its)c(control)f(decisions)g
(independently)31 1667 y(4.)21 b Ff(Autonomy)p Fg(:)12 b(each)e(workstation)c
(is)i(capable)h(of)e(operating)83 1717 y(as)k(an)g(independent)e(system)31
1820 y(5.)21 b Ff(A)9 b(uni\256ed)h(\256le)f(system)p Fg(:)14
b(the)9 b(\256le)h(system)g(consists)e(of)h(one)83 1870 y(tree)i(with)e(a)i
(replicated)f(`super)o(-root')31 1973 y(6.)21 b Ff(Scaling)p
Fg(:)13 b(probabilistic)5 b(algorithms)i(are)i(used)f(for)g(system)83
2023 y(management)16 b(and)g(network)e(related)h(overhead)h(at)f(each)83
2073 y(node)10 b(is)g(limited)31 2176 y(7.)21 b Ff(Adaptive)12
b(load)g(balancing)p Fg(:)18 b(the)12 b(system)h(initiates)e(pro-)83
2226 y(cess)e(migration)d(within)g(the)i(workstation)e(and)h(among)h(dif-)83
2276 y(ferent)i(workstations)f(to)g(improve)h(performance)31
2379 y(8.)21 b Ff(Dynamic)6 b(con\256guration)p Fg(:)12 b(workstations)6
b(may)h(be)g(added)83 2429 y(or)j(removed)g(at)g(any)h(time)f(and)g
(processors)g(may)h(fail)e(with)83 2479 y(minimal)h(ef)o(fect)h(on)f(the)g
(system)31 2582 y(9.)21 b Ff(Compatibility)p Fg(:)10 b(the)e(system)g(is)f
(compatible)g(with)g(A)-5 b(T&T)83 2632 y(UNIX)10 b(V)-5 b(ersion)10
b(5.2)996 154 y Fh(Refer)o(ences)996 246 y Fg([1])20 b(A.)9
b(Barak)f(and)h(A.)f(Litman,)h(\252)p Fa(MOS:)g(a)g(multiprocessor)e(dis-)
1065 296 y(tributed)12 b(operating)h(system)s Fg(\272.)25 b
Fb(Softwar)n(e\320Practice)14 b(and)1065 346 y(Experience)e
Ff(15\(8\))p Fg(,)e(pp.)g(725\261737,)f(August)g(1985.)996
429 y([2])20 b(A.)c(Barak)g(and)g(O.)g(G.)h(Paradise,)h(\252)p
Fa(MOS)e(\320)g(scaling)f(up)1065 479 y(UNIX)t Fg(\272.)f(In)9
b Fb(Pr)n(oc.)j(Summer)d(1986)g(USENIX)h(Confer)n(ence)p Fg(,)1065
528 y(pp.)g(414\261418,)f(Atlanta,)h(GA,)h(June)f(1986.)996
611 y([3])20 b(A.)28 b(Barak)g(and)g(O.)h(G.)f(Paradise,)33
b(\252)p Fa(MOS\320a)c(load-)1065 661 y(balancing)18 b(UNIX)t
Fg(\272.)36 b(In)18 b Fb(EUUG)p Fg(,)h(pp.)f(273\261280,)h(Man-)1065
711 y(chaster)n(,)12 b(Autumn)d(1986.)996 794 y([4])20 b(A.)7
b(Barak,)h(A.)f(Shilo,)g(and)g(R.)g(Wheeler)n(,)h(\252)p Fa(Flood)f
(prevention)1065 844 y(in)j(the)h(MOSIX)g(load-balancing)f(scheme)r
Fg(\272.)19 b Fb(IEEE-TCOS)1065 894 y(Newsletter)10 b Ff(3\(1\))p
Fg(,)g(pp.)g(24\26127,)g(1989.)996 977 y([5])20 b(A.)8 b(Barak)g(and)f(A.)h
(Shiloh,)f(\252)p Fa(A)h(distributed)d(load-balancing)1065
1027 y(policy)j(for)h(a)h(multicomputer)s Fg(\272.)j Fb(Softwar)n
(e\320Practice)d(and)1065 1076 y(Experience)i Ff(15\(9\))p
Fg(,)e(pp.)g(901\261913,)f(September)i(1985.)996 1159 y([6])20
b(A.)e(Barak)h(and)f(R.)g(Wheeler)n(,)k(\252)p Fa(MOSIX:)c(an)g(integrated)
1065 1209 y(multiprocessor)12 b(UNIX)t Fg(\272.)22 b(In)13
b Fb(Pr)n(oc.)i(of)d(the)h(W)n(inter)f(1989)1065 1259 y(USENIX)j(Confer)n
(ence)p Fg(,)i(pp.)e(101\261112,)f(San)h(Diego,)h(CA,)1065
1309 y(February)10 b(1989.)p eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF
Technical Details
Message-ID: <1avagpINN305@darkstar.UCSC.EDU>
Path: arc1-ca.pugleaf.net!sparky!uunet!zeus.ieee.org!darkstar.UCSC.EDU!darrell

Show Full Headers
Complete Article Headers
Path: arc1-ca.pugleaf.net!sparky!uunet!zeus.ieee.org!darkstar.UCSC.EDU!darrell
From: darrell@cse.ucsc.edu (Darrell Long)
Newsgroups: ieee.tcos
Subject: mosix.ps (Mosix project description)
Date: 7 Oct 1992 18:32:57 GMT
Organization: University of California, Santa Cruz (CE/CIS Boards)
Lines: 339
Approved: tcos@cse.ucsc.edu
Distribution: ieee
Message-ID: <1avagpINN305@darkstar.UCSC.EDU>
NNTP-Posting-Host: cypress.ucsc.edu