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You've really gotta love those generals -Tom

For information and education purposes only 1/15/97

From: rivero@accessone.com (Michael Rivero)
Newsgroups: alt.thebird,alt.current-events.clinton.whitewater,alt.conspiracy,alt
.activism,alt.government.abuse
Subject: "MAY HAVE" EVIDENCE OF IRAQUI BIO-EXPERIMENTS
Date: 14 Jan 1998 23:50:18 -0800
Message-ID: <69kf3q$c9f$1@blaze.accessone.com>



  All day long, the message has been loud and clear. The United States
government "may have" evidence that the government of Iraq has conducted
biological experiments on it's prisoners.

 "May have".

  Odd choice of words.

  See, evidence is like virginity. Either one has it, or one does not.
If the US government has this evidence, let us see it.

  Otherwise, this "may have" is just cheap innuendo by an administration
desperate to start a war to distract from it's domestic scandals, sexual harassm
ent
lawsuits, holes where they should not be in the heads of Commerce Secretarys,
and a rapidly deteriorating cover up of a certain mishap with a missile.

  I'm not even sure, as the bodies of dead White House lawyers and Commerce
Secretaries continue to stir restlessly in their graves, that the United States
retains the moral right to tell another nation how or how not to conduct
human experiments.

  As will be seen by the following, our nation does not have a track record
consistant with our public display of indignation over what "may be" happening 
in Iraq. The US isn't really offended by such experiments; it's just another
"big lie" (like the discredited  Kuwaiti incubators or the Bosnian "Concentratio
n 
camp" photo) to incite us to sacrifice our young blood for another media
event. A convenient "cause d' jour" to justify the war that Bill Clinton
hopes will save his sphincter.

  Where does the United States government claim the moral right to sit in 
judgement of another nation's human experiments?

  In 1977, the U.S. Army admitted carrying out hundreds of chemical and 
biological warfare tests, including at least 25 that targeted civilian 
populations. Previously classified records show that between 1951 and 
1967, on at least 48 occasions, the Army used disease causing microbes 
in open air tests.

 In 1985, a U.S. Supreme Court decision absolved the U.S. military from 
any liability in cases where the military might be caught experimenting 
on unknowing and unwilling human subjects. In effect, the Supreme Court
has ruled that the US military may conduct the very sorts of experiments
we now accuse Iraq of conducting.

 In its decision, written by Justice Antonin Scalia, the Court determined 
that actions against the military would tend to disrupt the military 
chain of command. This element was the key point of concern rather than 
any legal foundations which might have been espoused. Thus, the military 
was essentially absolved from all past wrongdoing while at the same time 
being given a green light to undertake new activities . It was a decision 
which shocked fellow conservative, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor who, in an 
impassioned dissent, cited the principles of fundamental human rights, and the
concepts formulated after the Nuremberg War Crime Tribunals, as ample reason 
to hold American military commanders culpable for their misdeeds.

 Human experimentation in the United States is not news. The infamous 
Tuskegee Study, where 400 black men with syphilis were left untreated, 
some for as long as 40 years, was only discontinued after it became public. 
More recently, we have seen that many more people were victims of
radiation experiments which were conducted without required disclosure 
by our own Atomic Energy Commission. 

  One of the most disturbing experiments was undertaken during the 1930's
where a single pathologist undertook studies in which he knowingly
infected his human subjects with cancer. This physician, Dr. Cornelious 
Rhoads of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Investigations, undertook 
his experiments with little concern for his patients. In fact, Dr. Rhoads' 
attitude about his subjects was chronicled in a letter which later served 
as the basis for a criminal investigation. With regard to the subjects and 
location of his experiments in Puerto Rico, Dr. Rhoads wrote:

               "What the island needs is not public
   health work, but a tidal wave or something
   to totally exterminate the population."

 A criminal investigation, however, exonerated Dr. Rhoads in the
deaths of his patients. The prosecutor appointed by the North
American governor of the island dismissed the case, calling Rhoads
merely "a mentally ill person or a man of few scruples."
Interestingly enough, Dr. Rhoads went on to direct the
establishment of U.S. Army chemical warfare laboratories in
Maryland, Utah, and the Panama Canal Zone. This "mentally ill"
doctor was subsequently awarded 'The Legion of Merit', and was
appointed to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.


 The following additional examples are taken from information declassified in 19
77
and private sources. 

 1900:

 A U.S. doctor doing research in the Philippines infected of number
of prisoners with the Plague. He continued his research by
inducing Beriberi in another 29 prisoners. The experiments
resulted in two known fatalities.

 1915:

 A doctor in Mississippi produced Pellagra in twelve white
Mississippi inmates in an attempt to discover a cure for the
disease.    ^^^^^^^

 1931:

 The Puerto Rican Cancer Experiment was undertaken by Dr. Cornelius
Rhoads. Under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Investigations, Rhoads purposely infected his subjects
with cancer cells. Thirteen of the subjects died. When the
experiment was uncovered, and in spite of Rhoads' written opinions
that the Puerto Rican population should be eradicated, Rhoads went
on to establish U.S. Army Biological Warfare facilities in
Maryland, Utah, and Panama. He later was named to the U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission and was at the heart of the recently revealed
radiation experiments on prisoners, hospital patients, and
soldiers.

 1932:

 The Tuskegee Syphilis Study began. Two hundred (200) poor black
men with syphilis began a long term experiment in which those men
were to be studied. They were never told of their illness, and
treatment was denied them. As many as 100 of the original 200 died
as a direct or indirect result of the illness. The wives and
children of the subjects also suffered as a result of the disease.
(The government office supervising the study was the predecessor
to today's Centers for Disease Control (CDC)).

 1940's:

 In a crash program to develop new drugs to fight Malaria during
World War II, doctors in the Chicago area infected nearly 400
prisoners with the disease. Although the Chicago inmates were
given general information that they were helping with the war
effort, they were not provided adequate information in accordance
with the later standards set by the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal.
Nazi doctors on trial at Nuremberg cited the Chicago studies as
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
precedents to defend their own behavior in aiding the German war
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
effort.
^^^^^^^

 1950:

 The U.S. Navy sprayed a cloud of bacteria over San Francisco. The
Navy claimed that the bacteria was harmless, and used only to
track a simulated attack, but many San Francisco residents became
ill with pneumonia-like symptoms, and one is known to have died.

 1950 - 1953:

 An array of germ warfare weapons were allegedly used against North
Korea. Accounts claim that there were releases of feathers
infected with anthrax, fleas and mosquitoes dosed with Plague and
Yellow Fever, and rodents infected with a variety of diseases.
These were precisely the same techniques used in immunity from
prosecution in exchange for the results of that research. The
Eisenhower administration later pressed Sedition Charges against
three Americans who published charges of these activities.
However, none of those charged were convicted.

 1952 - 1953:

 In another series of experiments, the U.S. military released
clouds of "harmless" gases over six (6) U.S. and Canadian cities
to observe the potential for similar releases under chemical and
germ warfare scenarios. A follow-up report by the military noted
the occurrence of respiratory problems in the unwitting civilian
populations.

 1955:

 The Tampa Bay area of Florida experienced a sharp rise in Whooping
Cough cases, including 12 deaths, after a CIA test where a
bacteria withdrawn from the Army's Chemical and Biological Warfare
arsenal was released into the environment. Details of the test are
still classified.

 1956 - 1958:

 In Savannah, Georgia and Avon Park, Florida, the Army carried out
field tests in which mosquitoes were released into residential
neighborhoods from both ground level and from aircraft. Many
people were swarmed by Mosquitoes, and fell ill, some even died.
After each test, U.S. Army personnel posing as public health
officials photographed and tested the victims. It is theorized
that the mosquitoes were infected with a strain of Yellow Fever.
However, details of the testing remain classified.

 1965:

 In a three year study, 70 volunteer prisoners at the Holmesburg
State Prison in Philadelphia were subjected to tests of dioxin,
the highly toxic chemical contaminant in Agent Orange. Lesions
which the men developed were not treated and remained for up to
seven months. None of the subjects was informed that they would
later be studied for the development of cancer. This was the
second such experiment which Dow Chemical undertook on
"volunteers" who did not receive the information which the world
proclaimed was necessary for "informed consent" at Nuremberg.

 1966:

 The U.S. Army dispensed a bacillus throughout the New York City
subway system. Materials available on the incident noted the
Army's justification for the experiment was the fact that there
are many subways in the (former) Soviet Union, Europe, and South
America. Although there are no harmful effects known for this
release, details of the experiment are still classified.

 1968 - 1969:

 The CIA experimented with the possibility of poisoning drinking
water by injecting a chemical substance into the water supply of
the Food And Drug Administration in Washington, D.C.. There were
no harmful effects noted from this experiment. However, none of
the human subjects in the building were ever asked for their
permission, nor was anyone provided with information on the nature
or effects of the chemical used.

 1969:

 On June 9, 1969, Dr. D.M. McArtor, then Deputy Director of
Research and Technology for the Department of Defense, appeared
before the House Subcommittee on Appropriations to request funding
for a project to produce a synthetic biological agent for which
humans have not yet acquired a natural immunity. Dr. McArtor asked
for $10 million dollars to produce this agent over the next 5-10
years. The Congressional Record reveals that according to the plan
for the development of this germ agent, the most important
characteristic of the new disease would be "that it might be
refractory [resistant] to the immunological and therapeutic
processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom
from infectious disease". AIDS first appeared as a public health
risk ten years later.

 1972:

 President Nixon announced a ban on the production and use of
biological (but not chemical) warfare agents. However, as the
Army's own experts reveal, this ban is meaningless because the
studies required to protect against biological warfare weapons are
generally indistinguishable from those for chemical weapons.

 1977:

 Ray Ravenhott, director of the population program of the U.S.
Agency for International Development (AID), publicly announced the
agency's goal to sterilize one quarter of the world's women. In
reports by the St Louis Post-Dispatch, Ravenhott in essence cited
the reasoning for this being U.S. corporate interests in avoiding
the threat of revolutions which might be spawned by chronic
unemployment.

 1980-1981:

 Within months of their incarceration in detention centers in Miami
and Puerto Rico, many male Haitian refugees developed an unusual
condition called "gynecomasia". This is a condition in which males
develop full female breasts. A number of the internees at Ft.
Allen in Puerto Rico claimed that they were forced to undergo a
series of injections which they believed to be hormones.

 1981:

 More than 300,000 Cubans were stricken with dengue hemorrhagic
fever. An investigation by the magazine 'Covert Action Information
Bulletin', which tracks the workings of various intelligence
agencies around the world, suggested that this outbreak was the
result of a release of mosquitoes by Cuban counterrevolutionaries.
The magazine tracked the activities of one CIA operative from a
facility in Panama to the alleged Cuban connections. During the
last 30 years, Cuba has been subjected to an enormous number of
outbreaks of human and crop diseases which are difficult to
attribute purely natural causes.

 1982:

 El Salvadoran trade unionists claimed that epidemics of many
previously unknown diseases had cropped up in areas immediately
after U.S. directed aerial bombings. There is no hard evidence to
support these charges. However, the pattern and types of outbreaks
are consistent with the claims.

 1985:

 An outbreak of Dengue fever strikes Managua Nicaragua shortly
after an increase of U.S. aerial reconnaissance missions. Nearly
half of the capital city's population was stricken with the
disease, and several deaths have been attributed to the outbreak.
It was the first such epidemic in the country and the outbreak was
nearly identical to that which struck Cuba a few years earlier
(1981). Dengue fever variations were the focus of much
experimentation at the Army's Biological Warfare test facility at
Ft. Dietrick, Maryland prior to the 'ban' on such research in
1972.

 1985:

 In ruling on a case in which a former U.S. Army sergeant attempted
to bring a lawsuit against the Army for using experimental drugs
on him, without his knowledge, the U.S. Supreme Court determined
that allowing such an action against the military would disrupt
the chain of command. Thus, nearly all potential actions against
the military for past, or future, misdeeds have been barred as
have actions aimed at the release of classified documents on the
subject.

 1987:

 As the result of a lawsuit by a public interest group, the
Department of Defense was forced to reveal the fact that it still
operated Chemical and Biological Warfare (CBW) research programs
at 127 sites around the United States.

 1996:

  Veterans groups have released information that many of
the medical problems suffered by veterens of the Gulf War may be 
a result of experimental vaccines and innoculations which were given 
to troops during the military buildup. Normal procedures for informed
consent do not appear to have been followed, and many of the medical 
records of those soldiers, detailing the contents of the injections,
have been "lost".




 




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