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Started by Francois Velde
Mon, 23 Nov 1992 23:10
Byzantine Heraldry
Author: Francois Velde
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1992 23:10
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1992 23:10
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5160 bytes
A few more blazons of Byzantine families, and an entry from the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium: it claims that heraldry never really evolved in Byzantium. The earliest appearance of the double-headed eagle as emblem of an imperial family or an emperor seems to be early 14th c. The 4 B's are described as firesteels (the Greek word being purekbolon, that which throws out fire). I also found a few other Greek/Byzantine names in the Rietstap. I only have the illustrations handy, so I am describing from the plates. Here goes: Angelos: gules, 4 lozenges Or with an angel on each. (Greece) Cantacuzene: Gules, a double-headed eagle displayed crowned, Or. (Greece) Comnene: Or, beneath an imperial crown proper, a two-headed eagle displayed Sable on a sword per pale Argent, the hilt Or. (Corsica, Savoy) Comneno: Or, beneath an imperial crown proper, a double-headed eagle displayed Sable, displayed Or, holding in each claw a sword paleways Argent; on its breast an oval escutcheon, Argent 3 bells (?) Azure. (Milan) Comnenos (emperors of Trebizonde): Argent, three fess Sable. (Greece) Ducas: Azure, a cross Argent. (Greece) Koressio (dukes): Sable, beneath an imperial crown proper, a two-headed eagle displayed Or, holding in each claw a sword paleways Argent. (Greece) Lascaris: Or, a double-headed eagle Sable, beaked Gules, beneath an eastern crown Or. (Greece) Lascaris: Gules, a double-headed eagle displayed crowned, Or; on its breast an escutcheon: Gules, a sun Or. (Verona, Dalmatia) Lascaris: quartered Azure and Argent, on which an double-headed eagle Sable, membered, beaked, crowned Or; on its breast an escutcheon: Gules, a sun Or. (Verona). Lascaris: Gules, a double-headed eagle displayed crowned, Or. (Greece, Provence) Lascaris: quartered Gules a chief Or; and Gules, a double-headed eagle displayed crowned, Or. Lascaris-Castellar: Or, a double-headed eagle Sable, membered, beaked Gules. (Italy) Palaelogos: Gules, a Cross and four B's Or. (Greece) Paleologue: Gules, a double-headed eagle displayed crowned, Or. (Greece, Piedmont) Vatatzes: Vert, a double-headed eagle displayed Or, above each head an estoile Argent. (Greece) The following comes from the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (1991). I suppose anything called the Oxford Whatever is authoritative, but who knows what it's really worth. COATS OF ARMS: The use of heraldic insignia as a symbolic representation of families did not develop in Byzantium. The broad range of images (Christ, the Virgin, the Cross, various saints) found on seals are personal rather than familial. Certain blazons have, however, been interpreted by some scholars as official imperial or familial coats of arms. Soloviev considered the double-headed eagle as an emblem of the Komnenoi and the tetragrammatic cross with four B's as the blazon (from ca. 1377) of the Palaiologoi. G. Vikan (ArtB 63 (1981) 326) has connected other emblems (including a multipetal flower, a swastika, and 4 overlapping bars) with the Palaiologoi family. Some of these symbols--whether blazons or not--were placed on imperial standards. Thus a ceremonial book states that on ordinary warships the customary imperial banner (phlamoulon) was displayed, that is, the cross with purekbola (flints?) probably the tetragrammatic cross--whereas the ship of the megas doux displayed the image of the mounted emperor. In August 1439 John VIII Palaiologos conferred upon Giacomo de Morellis, a citizen of Florence, the right to place on his banner the imperial blazon (semeion); on the chrysobull beneath the text is pictured a two-headed eagle. Sources: A. Soloviev: les emble`mes he'raldiques de Byzance et les Slaves, Seminarium Kondakovianum 7 (1935) 119-164. D. Cernovodeanu: contributions a` l'e'tude de l'he'ralfique byzantine et post-byzantine, Jahrbuch der O"sterreichischen Byzantinik 32.2 (1982) 409-22. W.H. Ru"dt von Collenberg: Byzantinische Pra"heraldik des 10. & 11. Jhs, recueil du 12e congre`s International des Sciences He'raldique et Ge'ne'alogique (Stuttgart 1978), 169-81. (also published in Der Herold, Bd. 8, Heft 10, april-june 1977, p. 197-209). EAGLE: [I summarize: the date of the apparition of the double-headed eagle has been much discussed. It was certainly employed by members of the Palaiologoi dynasty, and was appropriated by John VI Kantakouzenos (1347-54). Was used by Venice on a ship greeting John VIII Palaiologos. Last occurence is perhaps on the floor of a church in Mistra where Constantine XI was crowned in 1451.] Sources: G. Gerola: l'aquila bizantina e l'aquila imperiale a due teste, Felix Ravenna 43 (1934) 7-36. A. Fourlas: Adler & Doppeladler, in Phyloxenia (Mu"nster 1980), 97-120. -- Francois Velde
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