🚀 go-pugleaf

In article <1jmumhINNe3d@roche.csl.sri.com> boucher@csl.sri.com (Peter K. Boucher) writes:

   > In 1976, given economies of scale, each [custom built DES] Integrated
   > Circuit would cost ~$10 ([therefore] $10M/machine).  Allow a factor of
   > two, for other hardware and you pay $20M/machine.  Amortize costs over
   > 5 years, and you pay $10K/day.
   > [ ... ]
   > These are 1976 figures.  Even if we are optimistic by an order
   > of magnitude, the cost of computation falls in 5 years by a factor 
   > of 10; in 15 years (by now) by 1,000.


But you're talking about chip design, not computation.


Have a look at a hardware budget for your chip, which holds
one copy of DES circuitry.  A swag at such an accounting is
shown below.  It is wrong (optimistic) because it assumes
the cost of the permutations and shufflings is zero, whereas
on silicon, gates are cheap and wires are expensive.

  a.  56 bit register for key bits                        336 gates
  b.  64 bit input register                               384 gates
  c   16 ranks of   32b  register pairs                  6144 gates
  d.  16 ranks of   (32  2-bit-XOR)                      1024 gates
  e.  16 copies of  (32b scramblers using S boxes)        480 gates
  f.  64 bit output register                              384 gates
                                                     -----------------
               TOTAL                                     8752 gates


Your $10-per-chip-in-1976 figure, divided by your "computation
cost reduction factor" of 1000, gives today's cost per chip of
$0.01.  Balderdash! Not in this universe in the year of our lord 1993.

But in today's practice we'd of course use high levels of integration,
putting (say) 32 DES hardware widgets on a single chip.  The
resultant VLSI device would have 280,000 logic gates (about the
complexity of the Intel 486 microprocessor).  Your cost figure
for this device would be $0.32.  Not in this universe in 1993.

Hire some genius to optimize the holy snot out of the hardware,
assume Allah is on your side and the gate count drops by 4X.
Now you can get 128 DES widgets on an i486 sized chip and
you pay the silicon fab $1.28 for this IC.  Good luck Mr. Phelps.


   --- Mark Johnson