Thread View: sci.crypt
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Started by Rob Warnock
Wed, 08 Apr 1992 04:58
Re: Random-dot stereograms
Author: Rob Warnock
Date: Wed, 08 Apr 1992 04:58
Date: Wed, 08 Apr 1992 04:58
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+---------------
| richard@aiai.ed.ac.uk (Richard Tobin) writes:
| > The recipient would be provided in advance with one half of the
| > stereogram, and the other half would be constructed when needed.
+---------------
Cute! I like it!
graham@sees.bangor.ac.uk (The Land of Confusion) writes:
+---------------
| As the information in a random dot stereogram is stored in the disparities
| between corresponding dots in the pair of images, isn't it necessary to
| have the plain text in advance of constructing *both* images? This seems
| to indicate that the `key' half is not in fact independent of the information
| to be securely transmitted and could therefore not be provided `in advance'.
+---------------
No, not at all. The "key" image *can* be pre-computed, and indeed can be
used as the "key" for several coded images. [Hey, this is neat!]
You're thinking of a *particular* implementation which, given two copies
of the random background, initially identical, encodes the stereogram by
displacing dots from each copy in opposite directions, filling in "exposed"
area with "new" random dots. That is, take pixel {x,y} and move it to {x+d,y}
in the left picture and {x-d,y} in the right, replacing {x,y} in each picture
with a new random pixel, *different* in each picture [provided, of course,
that {x,y} is not also part of the "elevated" portion of the picture]. This
is indeed the easiest way to think of the process, and the simplest to code.
But consider another way of doing it. Again, start with two identical copies
of a background image, but initialize the background to the "key" image. As
we proceed, only one of the images will be changed, and the other will remain
constant. Let's assume the "key" is the left image. To code the "text", copy
the pixel {x+d,y} from the left picture into {x-d,y} in the right picture, and
substitute a new random pixel for {x,y} in the right picture only [again, only
if {x,y} is not also part of the elevated portion]. A correct *implementation*
of the second method may be a little trickier, but the results are the same.
(In both methods, you have to be a little careful not to add the "new"
random pixels to "exposed" background until you have done all the moving
you're going to do, and then don't step on one of the moved pixels. Small
matter of bookeeping.)
I claim that both methods give identical results in terms of the resulting
correlations between the images *and* in the statistics of the isolated
images. That is, the images of the "key+text" pair are individually "just
as random" as the images of the "text_LEFT/text_RIGHT" pair.
And this is *only* true because the "key" image is truly random. It doesn't
matter whether the {x-d,y} pixel in the "text_RIGHT" is a copy of {x,y} in
some common initial "text_BOTH" background or was copied from "key" {x+d,y}.
It's "just as random" either way.
-Rob
-----
Rob Warnock, MS-9U/510 rpw3@sgi.com
Silicon Graphics, Inc. (415)335-1673
2011 N. Shoreline Blvd.
Mountain View, CA 94039-7311
Re: Random-dot stereograms
Author: Peter Wayner
Date: Wed, 08 Apr 1992 14:56
Date: Wed, 08 Apr 1992 14:56
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rpw3@rigden.wpd.sgi.com (Rob Warnock) writes: >+--------------- >| richard@aiai.ed.ac.uk (Richard Tobin) writes: >| > The recipient would be provided in advance with one half of the >| > stereogram, and the other half would be constructed when needed. >+--------------- >Cute! I like it! Here's another trick that's been hanging around the fence: Encode the information in the least significant bits of either photographs or musical data. In fact you can use compression algorithms like JPEG to determine what the "significant" bits are. Just compress and see which areas of the photo are mapped into the same value. The bits that used to distinguish the very subtle color shades in this region probably aren't that valuable. This way you can let all the compression guys worry about psycho-physical thresholds. There is sooo much noise in the world just waiting to hold the secret messages of the world. -Peter -- Peter Wayner Department of Computer Science Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY 14850 EMail:wayner@cs.cornell.edu Office: 607-255-9202 or 255-1008 Home: 116 Oak Ave, Ithaca, NY 14850 Phone: 607-277-6678
Re: Random-dot stereograms
Author: Richard Tobin
Date: Wed, 08 Apr 1992 17:00
Date: Wed, 08 Apr 1992 17:00
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In article <j98fm2s@sgi.sgi.com> rpw3@rigden.wpd.sgi.com (Rob Warnock) writes: >The "key" image *can* be pre-computed, and indeed can be >used as the "key" for several coded images. [Hey, this is neat!] Using the same key twice has the same problem as using a one-time pad twice. In fact, I suspect (though I don't have any here to try with) that if you used two encoded images from the same key as a pair, you'd see something much like the two plain-images superimposed. -- Richard -- Richard Tobin, AI Applications Institute, R.Tobin@ed.ac.uk Edinburgh University.
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