🚀 go-pugleaf

Torbjorn Larsson wrote:
> 
> 
> I can't find the ion pump action here. All I see is a powered active carbon
> filter that periodically dumps all of its waste back into the water stream.

Powdered activated carbon in an ordinary filter does not absorb 
much NaCl, Ca, Mg, and other small ionized molecules to the extent that
a capacitor does. In a flow through capacitor, the carbon is
charged with a small voltage, which is what makes the difference.
By ion pump, It is meant the capacitor can actively
pump ions from a solution being purified 
into a selected volume of waste when that waste is re-introduced
into the capacitor during successive discharge cycles.  This
has been used to concentrate a solution of CaSO4 
well past the super-saturated stage. The supersaturated solution 
was triggered to precipitate with a small temperature change.
In principle,the supernatant can be decanted in order to 
recover a solid waste product.The decanted supernatnant could then
be re-used in another concentration/supersaturaton cycle.
Generally, it is sufficient to simply concentrate the waste
into a brine,and you would not need to save or
reintroduce the waste stream.


Regards,
Marc Andelman