🚀 go-pugleaf

This is cross-posted from <tw.bbs.lang.chinese>,
because it is thought that current Putonghua
(Mandarin) is missing the <ru4> tone, which is still
marked in some poem books. The following documents
the IPA symbol, the tone value, and zhuyin and pinyin symbols.

�u�[�J�J�n

�@�ؤ���˼v�T�~�y���������״_�j�覡�A
�]�P�֮ѤW�ФJ�n���Q���Q�P�G

�u�[�J�J�n�A��o������뭵�A��Ь��n�աA
���Φr���Ÿ��ХX�C�]��Э��Ь�[?]�A�խȬ�[5]�C�^

�䡧�`���Ÿ��������I�A
�g�b���`�[�����B�W�n�B�h�n����m�A�ӥB��
���n�����I�ʡ]�P�֮ѼЪk�P�^�F

�䡧�~�y�������Ÿ����Ť߶��]�u��i�w���@�I�^�C

�ڤ��Y�K�O��h
 v  \   -   v v    /  v      v  o   o   o v    /  v
Wo bu chi tieban niuliu. -> Wo bu chi tieban niuliu.

����@�����@�Ӱ�a
 \  \  - /       -  \   /  -      \  o  o /       o  \   o  -
Neimu Yilang de yi ge guojia. -> Neimu Yilang de yi ge guojia.

�A���ت�
 v     \ \      v     o o
Ni de mudi. -> Ni de mudi. �]���n���ܡ^

�n�_�Ī�
 /   v   \  \      /   o   o o
Nan-bei yaowu. -> Nan-bo yuewu. �]�j���~�o�o�X�J�n�^
 /   v   \  \      /   o   o  o
Nan-bei yaowu. -> Nan-bei yaowu. �]�o�˥i�H�ܡ^[nan35 be?5 yO?5 u?5]

###

���ǤJ�n�r�ܦ����h��@���n�աA
�Ӥj���M�x�W�����P���n�C
���ܫ�_�J�n�C

�p�G
      / \  \ \  o o
�I�� jimo jimo jimo
       / v    - v    o v
�Q�k shunu" shunu" shunu"
       - /   - \   o o
���� shufu shufu shufu
      \  /  \  -  \  o
�H�� xinxi xinxi xinxi
      v /  v -  v o
���� daji daji daji
       -  \   -  /   -  o
���� zhishi zhishi zhishi (?)

###

<<
/2/    /22/ }
    or      } Ru?
/3/    /33/ }
I thought about the low tone /11/, but its too creaky and sounds odd.
/33/
>>
���u��Ҽ{�{�����訥�]�s��H�^�A�ίu�����j�_, �ʸܡA��J, �n�o, ���C
�A�|�F(44)�A�O�_�]���s�{�ܨS, ��(44)�H
��O�A(11)�������o�M���A�s�s�{�ܳ��u��
(+p21)�A�M�ԫn�ܦ�(-q21)�A��, �����L(11)�C

�]�夤�k�U��, �[�F(,)���r���s�{�ܤJ, �n�A���n��, ��^

<<
Why does everybody have to manage that?  Zhong Qiyao suggests that
speakers of

Beijing dialect learn to speak ru sheng.  But did he explain why? Is
this
suggestion justified?  To diversify the language by adding some
syllables? In
>>
�b��ij�W�A�J, �n���n�աA���, �ڭ��Шӻ�, �~�������A
���, �y�ӻ�,�A�u���n�ղŸ��C

�]���ܦh�訥�����J, �n�A�ӥ�, �e�����q�ܫo, ���T��, �@���A
�P�|�n�]���W�h�J, �^�t�Z�L�j�C���~�A
�Х_, �ʤ訥���H��, ���q�ܤ]���D�z�A�]�����L�訥
���H�ӻ�, �A���ӴN�o, ��, �A�̦n�L�H���K�C

�ثe�U, �訥���H���w�b��, ���q�ܡA���, �e�����q�ܨS, ���J, �n�C
�ҥH��ij�b��ȤW�ФW�J, �n�C�������, �e���q�ܪ��H�ӻ�, �A
�h�Ф@, �ӤJ, �n�A�N������o�X, �ӤF�C

��ҳ�

###
I imagine the <ru(r)> tone to be a glottal (throat) stop,
[?] [55], as Li Shoudun pointed out as an accent by Jiang Zemin.
�ڷQ���J�n�O��뭵�A[?] [55]�A�N�����u����
���A�����ܨ��ˡC
��ҳ�

###
���͡G

>     ZHONG> �E��U�@���n���]�p�O�뭵�������^���e�o�ͨé���A���I������
>     ZHONG> �H�����@�ӡ��B�����i�H���B����С��B����a���A�ι���y�P���G
> �ӹ���y�F�I�ӥB�S�����ǡC���ܤ@�ӳ�뭵���N��F�ܡH
>     ZHONG> �@�� yi(r) ge(q) [i? 55 k@ 51] -> [ik 55 k@ 51]

�@�@���D�O�@���w�q����뭵�A�[�F�i��u���|�ܦ��o�ˡA��p���ǤH�H
���m�����o�X���q�ܪ��J�n�A���ӴN���o�ˡC�]���A�i���w�q������뭵�A
�ӡ���ڡ��b�r���|�]�U�@�r���ܤơC

�@�@�N�����ڡ��A���w�q����a�A��|�]�W�@�r���������ܤƬ�na�]���^�B
ya�]�r�^�Bwa�]�z�^�B(i)a�]�ڡA��b���θֵ����᭱�^�C

> ����A�Y�G�J�n�r���y���A�ӫ���H

�@�@���|�ܤơA����뭵�C

> �p�G�u�L�ܷR��C�v�B�u�L�ܩt�W�C�v

�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@��ҳ�
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ZHONG Qiyao, Kompanio Zhibang/Accton, Xinzhu, Tajvano ~{VSFtR"~}
Lundon, Gregoria 1999-09-06, Nordekvinoksa 1999-06-18
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���͡G

�@�@��O�A�p�G�u��_, �J, �n�A�|�y��������, ���M���ܹ�, ��
����, �}�A���Q, �@, ���M���Q, ��, ������, �}�C

�@�@��˸ѨM, �H

�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@��ҳ�
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ZHONG Qiyao, Kompanio Zhibang/Accton, Xinzhu, Tajvano ~{VSFtR"~}
Lundon, Gregoria 1999-09-06, Nordekvinoksa 1999-06-18
----------------------------------------------------------------------