🚀 go-pugleaf

In <1992Jul21.164831.6412@bronze.ucs.indiana.edu> duncan@loris.cisab.indiana.edu (Shan Duncan) writes:
>I would like to know how people feel about using such words as "trend".
>For example:

>When I see the statement:
>   The data demonstrates a trend towards [fill in the blank], but this
>   relationship was not significant.
>Technically this is correct.   In other words I have been told by someone
>that you can state a direction (i.e. less, more, greater whatever) as a trend
>as long as you state if it is significant or not.  Yet at times I read this
>as being "hopeful". 

Yes, it is being hopeful, and those hopes should be augmented by a
proper power analysis. If the trend is there, but they only had a 15%
chance of detecting an effect of  size [f.i.t.b.] given their N and alpha,
then that should be a red flag indicating that replication is needed
with a more adequate sample. 

> I have seen this type of statement used when  the person
>writing the article wants to have the trend in that direction, but they did
>not achive statistical significance.  

Statistical signficance is a mode of rhetoric which we adopt, and which
reflects our willingness to risk Type I error. If the poor sap set his
alpha at .001, and got .004, then I'd gladly undertake a replication which
set more realistic risk-limits on the basis of his  'trend'. But if he
set it at .10, with 99% power, I'd tell him to jump in the lake if he
asked for funding.

>I have also seen statements such as:  There was a greater response to
>[again fill in the blank] but this was not significant.

>I am more comfortable with the former rather than the latter.

Me too..."trend" is sufficiently vague without being provocative. 

>So what are the rules of thumb in cases such as these?

 Stay with an alpha  that is  commonly accepted  in the  literature of
[f.i.t.b.]   and  accompany  statements of trend with a calculation of
1-Beta, so the reader can better judge what's happening. If somebody
talks about a trend without it, calculate it if you can before passing
too much judgement.