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Started by Rich Murray
Wed, 21 Dec 2005 07:20
combining aspartame and quinoline yellow, or MSG and brilliant blue, harms nerve cells, eminent C. Vyvyan Howard et al, 2005 edu...
Author: Rich Murray
Date: Wed, 21 Dec 2005 07:20
Date: Wed, 21 Dec 2005 07:20
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******************************************************* http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1271 combining aspartame and quinoline yellow, or MSG and brilliant blue, harms nerve cells, eminent C. Vyvyan Howard et al, 2005 education.guardian.co.uk, Felicity Lawrence: Murray 2005.12.21 http://education.guardian.co.uk/ higher/news/story/0,9830,1671821,00.html http://education.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,5360498-108229,00.html printable version Combining food additives may be harmful, say researchers * Aspartame and artificial colourings investigated * Mice nerve cells stopped growing in experiments Felicity Lawrence, consumer affairs correspondent Wednesday December 21, 2005 Guardian New research on common food additives, including the controversial sweetener aspartame and food colourings, suggests they may interact to interfere with the development of the nervous system. Researchers at the University of Liverpool examined the toxic effects on nerve cells in the laboratory of using a combination of four common food additives -- aspartame, monosodium glutamate (MSG) and the artificial colourings brilliant blue and quinoline yellow. The findings of their two-year study were published last week in the journal Toxicological Sciences. The Liverpool team reported that when mouse nerve cells were exposed to MSG and brilliant blue or aspartame and quinoline yellow in laboratory conditions, combined in concentrations that theoretically reflect the compound that enters the bloodstream after a typical children's snack and drink, the additives stopped the nerve cells growing and interfered with proper signalling systems. The mixtures of the additives had a much more potent effect on nerve cells than each additive on its own. The study reported that the effect on cells could be up to four times greater when brilliant blue and MSG were combined, and up to seven times greater when quinoline yellow and aspartame were combined, than when the additives were applied on their own. "The results indicate that both combinations are potentially more toxic than might be predicted from the sum of their individual compounds," the researchers concluded. The tests used are the same as those applied when testing combinations of pesticides for toxicity. "They are recognised as predictive of developmental outcomes in humans," said Vyvyan Howard, a toxicopathologist and expert in foetal development who led the study. Exposure to food additives during a child's development has been associated with behavioural problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Additives are licensed for use one at a time, but the study's authors believe that examining their effect in combinations gives a more accurate picture of how they are consumed in the modern diet. "Although the use of single food additives is believed to be relatively safe in terms of development of the nervous system, their combined effects are unclear," Professor Howard said. "We think there are signs that when you mix additives, the effect might be worse." The colours used in the research are synthetic dyes certified as safe food additives in the EU. However, brilliant blue (E133) has been banned in several European countries in the past. Quinoline yellow (E104) is banned in foods in Australia, Norway and the US. Previous research has shown that MSG (E621) and aspartic acid, one of the breakdown compounds in aspartame (E951), are neurotoxins, according to the authors of the study. Brilliant blue is found in sweets, some processed peas, some soft drinks and some confectionery, desserts and ices. Quinoline yellow is found in some smoked haddock, some confectionery and some pickles. MSG, which is banned in foods for young children, is found in some pasta with sauce products, a large number of crisps, processed cheese, and prepared meals. Aspartame is found in diet drinks, some sweets, desserts and medicines. The Food Standards Agency said it would need further details and clarification on the research before making a full assessment. "All of the additives included in the study are permitted for use in food under current EU legislation following a rigorous safety assessment," it said in a statement. The agency added it was funding research on the effects of mixtures of colourings on children's behaviour and kept the safety of additives under review. Speaking for manufacturers, the Food and Drink Federation said the additives in the study had all been approved as safe by the EU's expert scientific committee. The Aspartame Information Service, which represents the sweetener industry, dismissed the research, saying that it "did not provide any meaningful information" because it exposed mouse cells in the laboratory to undigested aspartame. "When we consume aspartame it is broken down in the digestive system to common dietary components. Aspartame has been in safe use for 25 years and has been reviewed and approved by more than 130 countries," it said. EducationGuardian.co.uk � Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 ******************************************************* http://www.guardian.co.uk/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/feedback/0,14203,1129907,00.html letters@guardian.co.uk http://education.guardian.co.uk/egweekly/ index/0,10034,1670857,00.html education weekly http://observer.guardian.co.uk/letters/0,6903,156045,00.html Observer letters page Letters from the readers of the Sunday paper (letters@observer.co.uk). Make 'Letter to the Editor' your subject line. ******************************************************* http://www.sciencearena.com/sciencearena/related/vyvyan.pdf Dr C. Vyvyan Howard, editor of Nanotoxicology [ photo ] [ C. V. Howard c.v.howard@liverpool.ac.uk ] Nanotoxicology -March 2005 launch Volume 1, 2005, quarterly publication Print ISSN 1743-5390 Online ISSN 1743-5404 Nanotoxicology aims to address the emerging science behind the understanding that as particles are made smaller so their chemical properties change, and in doing so a potential risk is posed to humans, animals, the environment and within biota. The recently published (July 2004) UK government backed report into nanotechnology has called for new regulations and research into the as yet unknown effects of nanotechnology on human health and this would appear to reflect the need for a publication in this area. The Journal is also particularly interested in methods of toxicity minimisation, through coatings and other methods, in fields such as the medical and therapeutic use of nano-particles in the treatment of disease. Please visit www.nanotoxicology.net for further information and a full set of the aims and scope. Submissions are invited. Vyvyan Howard is head of the Development Toxico-Pathology Research Group within the Department of Human Anatomy and a senior lecturer at the University of Liverpool. The department's current research includes the effects of drugs, environmental pollutants and tobacco smoke in a variety of developmental assays. Dr Howard is an experienced toxicopathologist with a particular interest in the effects of toxic substances upon the fetus and the infant. He has been involved in the description of two newly discovered pathological syndromes and has also studied the effects of organo-chlorine pollutants on highly exposed industrial workers. Dr Howard is also Visiting Professor at the Centre for Molecular Biosciences at the University of Ulster. Dr Howard has been Author and Editor of several books, such as Unbiased Stereology and Particulate Matter, published by BIOS Scientific Publishers. Dr Howard is a fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists and the Royal Microscopical Society, plus a member of the British Society of Toxicological Pathologists, the International Society for Stereology, the Working Group on Food Additives and Behaviour in Children, the International Society of Doctors for the Environment and the European Teratology Society. He is the Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of the recently formed charity, the Cancer Prevention and Education Society. He held the position of President of the Royal Microscopical Society from 1995-1998 and President of the International Society for Stereology from 1991-1995. In 1989 he was awarded the Royal Microscopical Society's 150th Anniversary Gold Medal for services to microscopy. In May 2003, Dr Howard was appointed to the Government's Advisory Committee on Pesticides. Dr Howard has been an invited lecturer at the College of Europe in Bruges and during his Presidency of the RMS, held a place at the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee of Parliament. He gave the main presentation, "Child Health and the Environment," at the 3rd European Conference on Health and the Environment, on behalf of representatives of the World Health Organisation and the European Environment Agency. He has also written an article in Science in Parliament, the official publication of the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee and has been a personal guest of HRH Prince Charles during recent debates concerning the field of nanotechnology. He has supervised PhD projects, and has been directly involved in the development and application of a number of novel microscopes and applications. He obtained a grant to purchase one of the first laser scanning commercially available confocal microscopes. Dr Howard's activities in the field of microscopy are evident from his Editorship of the Journal of Microscopy and subsequent Presidency of the Royal Microscopical Society. Dr Howard has become a media spokesperson for his field, having contributed to several television documentaries including World in Action and Dispatches, and appearing on the Radio 4 Today Programme on several occasions to discuss pollution topics. Dr Howard has been the Chairman and grant holder of the Mersey Diabetes in Pregnancy Research Group since 1990. This is currently the world's biggest epidemiological study into the complications of diabetic pregnancy and has funding to continue to collect data for 10 years. He was involved in the development of a new series of 3-D measurement techniques in microscopy, termed stereology, and was subsequently invited to become Editor for Stereology of the Journal of Microscopy. He has organised and taught several international courses on these techniques and published over 40 papers outlining original advances in the theory and application of stereology. New methods of research facilitated by these stereological techniques are now being requested by drug licensing authorities (e.g. US FDA) for the toxicological testing of new drugs. Dr Howard has also specialised in 'single cell stereology'. This is a body of techniques that require perfectly registered sections and facilitate the unbiased estimation of the geometrical features of single objects. These latter techniques are quite new, but appear to be of particular strength in the field of neurophysiology. He has recently written the first full length book on the subject, with Dr Matt Reed of Unilever Research Ltd, entitled Unbiased Stereology, and including a foreword by Professor Lewis Wolpert FRS. To find out more about Vyvyan Howard and his work, visit his Liverpool University homepage. ******************************************************* http://www.nanotox.com/nanotech-scientists-charles-vyvyan-howard.htm [ photo ] info@nanotox.com Charles Vyvyan Howard, MB. ChB. PhD. FRCPath. Professor of Bioimaging, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster at Coleraine Member Directing Board and President Elect of International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE) Member of Board of Health Care Without Harm, Europe (HCWH) Member ot the UK Governmant DEFRA Advisory Committee on Pesticides..... [ more ] ******************************************************* http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1270 neurotoxic synergy of aspartame with Quinoline Yellow, and L-glutamic acid with Brilliant Blue, in mouse cells, Lau K, McLean WG, Williams DP, Howard CV, U. of Liverpool, Toxicol Sci 2005.12.13: Murray [ Rich Murray: This study by an expert mainstream research team shows that both aspartame and MSG harm developing mouse neuroblastoma cells: "Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was found at concentrations of additives theoretically achievable in plasma by ingestion of a typical snack and drink." The possibility that prolong daily exposures would cause cumulative effects was not studied. Aspartame generally exerts its toxic effects by its rapid disassociation in the GI tract into its three components: 50% phenylalanine, 39% aspartic acid, and 11% methanol (wood alcohol), the last always quickly and largely turned into formaldehyde and then formic acid, both extremely potent, cumulative toxins that harm every cell and tissue. The effects of methanol can be conveniently tested by using dimethyl dicarbonate, approved as an additive to wines and other beverages, which readily releases about the same amount of methanol in the body as does aspartame: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1052 DMDC: Dimethyl dicarbonate 200mg/L in drinks adds methanol 98 mg/L [ becomes formaldehyde in body ]: EU Scientific Committee on Foods 2001.07.12: Murray 2004.01.22 Without changing wording, I have increased spacing and altered sequences in the first abstract to increase clarity and add emphasis. ] Toxicol Sci. 2005 Dec 13; [Epub ahead of print] Synergistic interactions between commonly used food additives in a developmental neurotoxicity test. Lau K, McLean WG, Williams DP, Howard CV. Developmental Toxicopathology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK. W. Graham McLean w.g.mclean@liv.ac.uk C. V. Howard c.v.howard@liverpool.ac.uk D. P. Williams dom@liv.ac.uk 0151 794 5791 http://www.liv.ac.uk/ Miss. Karen Lau karenlau@liv.ac.uk 0151 795 4223 [ Deborah A. Sawatzky Paul J. Kingham Craig N. Lippe B. K. Park bkpark@liv.ac.uk D. J. Naisbitt dnes@liv.ac.uk ; d.j.naisbitt@liv.ac.uk 0151 794 5346 Richard W. Costello rcostello@rcsi.ie Patricia J. Manns trish.manns@ualberta.ca M. M. Yarborough yarbroug@tamuk.edu Dr Yvonne Allen Y.Allen@liverpool.ac.uk 0151 794 5449 ] Exposure to non-nutritional food additives during the critical development window has been implicated in the induction and severity of behavioural disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the use of single food additives at their regulated concentrations is believed to be relatively safe in terms of neuronal development, their combined effects remain unclear. We therefore examined the neurotoxic effects of four common food additives in combinations of two ( aspartame and Quinoline Yellow, L-glutamic acid and Brilliant Blue ) to assess potential interactions. Mouse NB2a neuroblastoma cells were induced to differentiate and grow neurites in the presence of additives. After 24 h, cells were fixed and stained and neurite length measured by light microscopy with computerised image analysis. Neurotoxicity was measured as an inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Two independent models were used to analyse combination effects: effect additivity and dose additivity. Significant synergy was observed between combinations of aspartame with Quinoline Yellow, and of L-glutamic acid with Brilliant Blue, in both models. Involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in food additive-induced neurite inhibition was assessed with a NMDA antagonist, CNS-1102. L-glutamic acid- and aspartame-induced neurotoxicity was reduced in the presence of CNS-1102; however the antagonist did not prevent food colour-induced neurotoxicity. Theoretical exposure to additives was calculated based on analysis of content in foodstuff, and estimated percentage absorption from the gut. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was found at concentrations of additives theoretically achievable in plasma by ingestion of a typical snack and drink. In addition, Trypan Blue dye exclusion was used to evaluate the cellular toxicity of food additives on cell viability of NB2a cells; both combinations had a straightforward additive effect on cytotoxicity. These data have implications for the cellular effects of common chemical entities ingested individually and in combination. PMID: 16352620 ******************************************************* Wednesday, December 21, 2005 Any unsuspected source of methanol, which the body always quickly and largely turns into formaldehyde and then formic acid, must be monitored, especially for high responsibility occupations, often with night shifts, such as pilots and nuclear reactor operators. In particular, the next review gives many recent mainstream peer-reviewed studies that show formaldehyde, always inevitably derived in the body from any methanol source, including aspartame, causes endothelial injury, ie, diabetic neuropathy -- among the most serious and complex complications of diabetes. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1263 many studies on endothelial injury (diabetic neuropathy) by adducts of formaldehyde derived from methylamine from many of the same sources as also supply methanol (formaldehyde), including aspartame: PH Yu et al: DJ Conklin et al: Murray 2005.12.04 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1237 ubiquitous potent uncontrolled co-factors in nutrition research are formaldehyde from wood and tobacco smoke and many sources, including from methanol in dark wines and liquors, in pectins in fruits and vegetables, and in aspartame: Murray 2005.12.21 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1250 aspartame causes cancer in rats at levels approved for humans, Morando Soffritti et al, Ramazzini Foundation, Italy & National Toxicology Program of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2005.11.17 Env. Health Pers. 35 pages: Murray As a medical layman, I suggest that evidence mandates immediate exploration of the role of these ubiquitious, potent formaldehyde sources as co-factors in epidemiology, research, diagnosis, and treatment in a wide variety of disorders. Folic acid, from fruits and vegetables, plays a role by powerfully protecting against methanol (formaldehyde) toxicity. Many common drugs, such as aspirin, interfere with folic acid, as do some mutations in relevant enzymes. The majority of aspartame reactors are female. In mutual service, Rich Murray ******************************************************* "Of course, everyone chooses, as a natural priority, to actively and positively find, quickly share, and act upon the facts about healthy and safe food, drink, and environment." Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net 505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages group with 149 members, 1,271 posts in a public, searchable archive http://RoomForAll.blogspot.com http://AspartameNM.blogspot.com Dark wines and liquors, as well as aspartame, provide similar levels of methanol, above 100 mg daily, for long-term heavy users, 2 L daily, about 6 cans. Methanol is inevitably largely turned into formaldehyde, and thence largely into formic acid. It is the major cause of the dreaded symptoms of "next morning" hangover. Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol -- 1,120 mg aspartame in 2 L diet soda, almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg methanol (wood alcohol). If 30% of the methanol is turned into formaldehyde, the amount of formaldehyde, 37 mg, is 18.5 times the USA EPA limit for daily formaldehyde in drinking water, 2.0 mg in 2 L average daily drinking water. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1108 faults in 1999 July EPA 468-page formaldehyde profile: Elzbieta Skrzydlewska PhD, Assc. Prof., Medical U. of Bialystok, Poland, abstracts -- ethanol, methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, acetaldehyde, lipid peroxidation, green tea, aging: Murray 2004.08.08 2005.07.11 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/835 ATSDR: EPA limit 1 ppm formaldehyde in drinking water July 1999: Murray 2002.05.30 rmforall Aspartame is made of phenylalanine (50% by weight) and aspartic acid (39%), both ordinary amino acids, bound loosely together by methanol (wood alcohol, 11%). The readily released methanol from aspartame is within hours turned by the liver into formaldehyde and then formic acid, both potent, cumulative toxins. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1141 Nurses Health Study can quickly reveal the extent of aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray 2004.11.21 [ Any scientist can get access to this data for free by submitting a proper research proposal. No one has admitted mining the extensive data on diet soda use and many symptoms for decades for about 100,000 nurses. ] http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1213 aspartame (methanol, phenylalanine, aspartic acid) effects, detailed expert studies in 2005 Aug and 1998 July, Tsakiris S, Schulpis KH, Karikas GA, Kokotos G, Reclos RJ, et al, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece: Murray 2005.09.09 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/939 aspartame (aspartic acid, phenylalanine) binding to DNA: Karikas July 1998: Murray 2003.01.05 rmforall Karikas GA, Schulpis KH, Reclos GJ, Kokotos G Measurement of molecular interaction of aspartame and its metabolites with DNA. Clin Biochem 1998 Jul; 31(5): 405-7. Dept. of Chemistry, University of Athens, Greece http://www.chem.uoa.gr gkokotos@atlas.uoa.gr K.H. Schulpis inchildh@otenet.gr G.J. Reclos reklos@otenet.gr http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1088 Murray, full plain text & critique: chronic aspartame in rats affects memory, brain cholinergic receptors, and brain chemistry, Christian B, McConnaughey M et al, 2004 May: 2004.06.05 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1067 eyelid contact dermatitis by formaldehyde from aspartame, AM Hill & DV Belsito, Nov 2003: Murray 2004.03.30 Thrasher (2001): "The major difference is that the Japanese demonstrated the incorporation of FA and its metabolites into the placenta and fetus. The quantity of radioactivity remaining in maternal and fetal tissues at 48 hours was 26.9% of the administered dose." [ Ref. 14-16 ] Arch Environ Health 2001 Jul-Aug; 56(4): 300-11. Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. [100 references] Thrasher JD, Kilburn KH. toxicology@drthrasher.org Sam-1 Trust, Alto, New Mexico, USA. http://www.drthrasher.org/formaldehyde_embryo_toxicity.html full text http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1052 DMDC: Dimethyl dicarbonate 200mg/L in drinks adds methanol 98 mg/L [ becomes formaldehyde in body ]: EU Scientific Committee on Foods 2001.07.12: Murray 2004.01.22 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/925 aspartame puts formaldehyde adducts into tissues, Part 1/2 full text Trocho & Alemany 1998.06.26: Murray 2002.12.22 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1224 Aspartame disease: an FDA-approved epidemic, H. J. Roberts, MD 2004: Murray 2005.09.30 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1233 Aspartame -- the shocking story, The Ecologist, 2005 Sept., p. 35-51, full text: Murray 2005.09.30: the correct author, Pat Thomas, What Doctors Don't Tell You www.wddty.co.uk : 2005.10.11 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1131 genotoxicity of aspartame in human lymphocytes 2004.07.29 full plain text, Rencuzogullari E et al, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey 2004 Aug: Murray 2004.11.06 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1228 NM EIB votes 4-2 for 5-day aspartame toxicity hearing July, 2006, requesting a Hearing Officer and a medical expert from Environmental Dept. and legal advice from NM Attorney General: Murray 2005.10.04 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1237 ubiquitous potent uncontrolled co-factors in nutrition research are formaldehyde from wood and tobacco smoke and many sources, including from methanol in dark wines and liquors, in pectins in fruits and vegetables, and in aspartame: Murray 2005.12.21 ******************************************************* http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1106 hangover research relevant to toxicity of 11% methanol in aspartame (formaldehyde, formic acid): Calder I (full text): Jones AW: Murray 2004.08.05 2005.09.28 Since no adaquate data has ever been published on the exact disposition of toxic metabolites in specific tissues in humans of the 11% methanol component of aspartame, the many studies on morning-after hangover from the methanol impurity in alcohol drinks are the main available resource to date. Jones AW (1987) found next-morning hangover from red wine with 100 to 150 mg methanol (9.5% w/v ethanol, 100 mg/L methanol, 0.01%, one part in ten thousand). http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1182 Joining together: short review: research on aspartame methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray 2005.07.08 rmforall http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1071 research on aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray2004.04.29 rmforall http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1250 aspartame causes cancer in rats at levels approved for humans, Morando Soffritti et al, Ramazzini Foundation, Italy & National Toxicology Program of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2005.11.17 Env. Health Pers. 35 pages: Murray http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1226 USA National Institutes of Health National Toxicology Program aids eminent Ramazzini Foundation, Bologna, Italy, in more results on cancers in rats from lifetime low levels of aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde), Felicity Lawrence, www.guardian.co.uk: Murray 2005.09.30 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1186 aspartame induces lymphomas and leukaemias in rats, full plain text, M Soffritti, F Belpoggi, DD Esposti, L Lambertini: Ramazzini Foundation study 2005.07.14: main results agree with their previous methanol and formaldehyde studies: Murray 2005.09.03 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1189 Michael F Jacobson of CSPI now and in 1985 re aspartame toxicity, letter to FDA Commissioner Lester Crawford; California OEHHA aspartame critique 2004.03.12; Center for Consumer Freedom denounces CSPI: Murray 2005.07.27 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1143 methanol (formaldehyde, formic acid) disposition: Bouchard M et al, full plain text, 2001: substantial sources are degradation of fruit pectins, liquors, aspartame, smoke: Murray 2005.04.02 ******************************************************* http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1070 critique of aspartame review, French Food Safety Agency AFSSA 2002.05.07 aspartamgb.pdf (18 pages, in English), Martin Hirsch: Murray 2004.04.13 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/957 safety of aspartame Part 1/2 12.4.2: EC HCPD-G SCF, EU Scientific Committee on Food, a whitewash; Murray 2003.01.12 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1045 http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/scf2002-response.htm Mark Gold exhaustively critiques European Commission Scientific Committee on Food re aspartame ( 2002.12.04 ): 59 pages, 230 references http://www.HolisticMed.com/aspartame mgold@holisticmed.com Aspartame Toxicity Information Center Mark D. Gold 12 East Side Drive #2-18 Concord, NH 03301 603-225-2100 http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/abuse/methanol.html "Scientific Abuse in Aspartame Research" Gold points out that industry methanol assays were too insensitive to properly measure blood methanol levels. ] http://www.eatright.org/Nutritive(1).pdf J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Feb; 104(2): 255-75. Position of the American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. American Dietetic Association. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1068 critique of aspartame review by American Dietetic Association Feb 2004, Valerie B. Duffy & Madeleine J. Sigman-Grant: Murray 2004.05.14 "Survey of aspartame studies: correlation of outcome and funding sources," 1998, unpublished: http://www.dorway.com/peerrev.html Walton found 166 separate published studies in the peer reviewed medical literature, which had relevance for questions of human safety. The 74 studies funded by industry all (100%) attested to aspartame's safety, whereas of the 92 non-industry funded studies, 84 (91%) identified a problem. Six of the seven non-industry funded studies that were favorable to aspartame safety were from the FDA, which has a public record that shows a strong pro-industry bias. Ralph G. Walton, MD, Prof. of Clinical Psychology, Northeastern Ohio Universities, College of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, Youngstown, OH 44501, Chairman, The Center for Behavioral Medicine, Northside Medical Center, 500 Gypsy Lane, P.O. Box 240 Youngstown, OH 44501 330-740-3621 rwalton193@aol.com http://www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/Psychiatry/walton.htm http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/857 www.dorway.com: original documents and long reviews of flaws in aspartame toxicity research: Murray 2002.07.31 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/858 Samuels: Strong: Roberts: Gold: flaws in double-blind studies re aspartame and MSG toxicity: Murray 2002.08.01 http://www.truthinlabeling.org/ Truth in Labeling Campaign [MSG] Adrienne Samuels, PhD The toxicity/safety of processed free glutamic acid (MSG): a study in suppression of information. Accountability in Research 1999; 6: 259-310. 52-page review P.O. Box 2532 Darien, Illinois 60561 858-481-9333 adandjack@aol.com http://www.dorway.com/upipart1.txt http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/262 aspartame expose 96K Oct 1987 Part 1/3: Gregory Gordon, UPI reporter: Murray 2000.07.10 http://www.dorway.com/enclosur.html http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/53 aspartame history Part 1/4 1964-1976: Gold: Murray 1999.11.06 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/928 revolving door, Monsanto, FDA, EPA: NGIN: Murray 2002.12.23 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/927 Donald Rumsfeld, 1977 head of Searle Corp., got aspartame FDA approval: Turner: Murray 2002.12.23 rmforall *******************************************************
Re: combining aspartame and quinoline yellow, or MSG and brilliant blue, harms nerve cells, eminent C. Vyvyan Howard et al, 2005...
Author: Marshall Cosme
Date: Mon, 09 Jan 2006 03:29
Date: Mon, 09 Jan 2006 03:29
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http://www.321recipes.com/aspartame.html This is a must read on eye health and maintainance. You may or may not be affected , but you might be shocked! Please excuse the interruption , but I thought you may be interested to know what may be causing all kinds of health problems for yourself or for your loved ones. I can't seem to get it through to my wife's brain about this vital health issue, Now she is always saying she is having trouble with her vision. Gee, I wonder why? I am so pissed off right now, I really want to slap some sense into her. She has been feeding this poison to my four children for years after I asked her not too, so you can see why I said what I said previously, but I would never hit my wife. Why are people ignore what science brings to are attention about health issues. I am really upset, but I hope this helps you....since I can't get through to my wife of 16 years.....!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -- "THE LOOPMANIAC" Looping from the mental ward in a straight jacket using his nose, toes, tongue and other body parts. His is the only one! The Loopatologist! There is only one! "Rich Murray" <rmforall@att.net> wrote in message news:11qi0gr2hh056d1@news.supernews.com... > ******************************************************* > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1271 > combining aspartame and quinoline yellow, or MSG and brilliant blue, > harms nerve cells, eminent C. Vyvyan Howard et al, 2005 > education.guardian.co.uk, Felicity Lawrence: Murray 2005.12.21 > > http://education.guardian.co.uk/ > higher/news/story/0,9830,1671821,00.html > > http://education.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,5360498-108229,00.html > printable version > > Combining food additives may be harmful, say researchers > * Aspartame and artificial colourings investigated > * Mice nerve cells stopped growing in experiments > > Felicity Lawrence, consumer affairs correspondent > Wednesday December 21, 2005 > > Guardian > > New research on common food additives, including the controversial > sweetener aspartame and food colourings, suggests they may interact > to interfere with the development of the nervous system. > > Researchers at the University of Liverpool examined the toxic effects > on nerve cells in the laboratory of using a combination of four common > food additives -- aspartame, monosodium glutamate (MSG) > and the artificial colourings brilliant blue and quinoline yellow. > The findings of their two-year study were published last week > in the journal Toxicological Sciences. > > The Liverpool team reported that when mouse nerve cells were > exposed to MSG and brilliant blue > or aspartame and quinoline yellow in laboratory conditions, > combined in concentrations that theoretically reflect the compound > that enters the bloodstream after a typical children's snack and drink, > the additives stopped the nerve cells growing > and interfered with proper signalling systems. > > The mixtures of the additives had a much more potent effect > on nerve cells than each additive on its own. > > The study reported that the effect on cells could be up to > four times greater when brilliant blue and MSG were combined, > and up to seven times greater when quinoline yellow and aspartame > were combined, than when the additives were applied on their own. > "The results indicate that both combinations are potentially > more toxic than might be predicted from the sum of their individual > compounds," the researchers concluded. > > The tests used are the same as those applied when testing > combinations of pesticides for toxicity. > "They are recognised as predictive of developmental outcomes > in humans," said Vyvyan Howard, a toxicopathologist > and expert in foetal development who led the study. > Exposure to food additives during a child's development > has been associated with behavioural problems > such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. > > Additives are licensed for use one at a time, > but the study's authors believe that examining their effect > in combinations gives a more accurate picture of how > they are consumed in the modern diet. > "Although the use of single food additives is believed > to be relatively safe in terms of development of the nervous system, > their combined effects are unclear," Professor Howard said. > "We think there are signs that when you mix additives, > the effect might be worse." > > The colours used in the research are synthetic dyes > certified as safe food additives in the EU. > However, brilliant blue (E133) has been banned > in several European countries in the past. > Quinoline yellow (E104) is banned in foods in Australia, > Norway and the US. > Previous research has shown that MSG (E621) and aspartic acid, > one of the breakdown compounds in aspartame (E951), > are neurotoxins, according to the authors of the study. > > Brilliant blue is found in sweets, some processed peas, > some soft drinks and some confectionery, desserts and ices. > > Quinoline yellow is found in some smoked haddock, > some confectionery and some pickles. > > MSG, which is banned in foods for young children, > is found in some pasta with sauce products, > a large number of crisps, processed cheese, and prepared meals. > > Aspartame is found in diet drinks, some sweets, desserts and medicines. > > The Food Standards Agency said it would need further details > and clarification on the research before making a full assessment. > "All of the additives included in the study are permitted > for use in food under current EU legislation following a rigorous > safety assessment," it said in a statement. > The agency added it was funding research on the effects > of mixtures of colourings on children's behaviour > and kept the safety of additives under review. > > Speaking for manufacturers, the Food and Drink Federation > said the additives in the study had all been approved as safe > by the EU's expert scientific committee. > > The Aspartame Information Service, > which represents the sweetener industry, dismissed the research, > saying that it "did not provide any meaningful information" > because it exposed mouse cells in the laboratory to undigested > aspartame. "When we consume aspartame it is broken down > in the digestive system to common dietary components. > Aspartame has been in safe use for 25 years and has been > reviewed and approved by more than 130 countries," it said. > > EducationGuardian.co.uk � Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005 > ******************************************************* > > http://www.guardian.co.uk/ > > http://www.guardian.co.uk/feedback/0,14203,1129907,00.html > letters@guardian.co.uk > > http://education.guardian.co.uk/egweekly/ > index/0,10034,1670857,00.html > education weekly > > http://observer.guardian.co.uk/letters/0,6903,156045,00.html > Observer letters page > Letters from the readers of the Sunday paper (letters@observer.co.uk). > Make 'Letter to the Editor' your subject line. > ******************************************************* > > > http://www.sciencearena.com/sciencearena/related/vyvyan.pdf > > Dr C. Vyvyan Howard, editor of Nanotoxicology [ photo ] > [ C. V. Howard c.v.howard@liverpool.ac.uk ] > > Nanotoxicology -March 2005 launch > Volume 1, 2005, quarterly publication > Print ISSN 1743-5390 Online ISSN 1743-5404 > > Nanotoxicology aims to address the emerging science behind > the understanding that as particles are made smaller so their > chemical properties change, and in doing so a potential risk is > posed to humans, animals, the environment and within biota. > > The recently published (July 2004) UK government backed > report into nanotechnology has called for new regulations and > research into the as yet unknown effects of nanotechnology on > human health and this would appear to reflect the need for a publication > in this area. > The Journal is also particularly interested in methods of toxicity > minimisation, through coatings and other methods, in fields such as the > medical and therapeutic use of nano-particles in the treatment of disease. > > Please visit www.nanotoxicology.net for further information and a full set > of the aims and scope. Submissions are invited. > > Vyvyan Howard is head of the Development Toxico-Pathology > Research Group within the Department of Human Anatomy and a senior > lecturer at the University of Liverpool. > > The department's current research includes the effects of drugs, > environmental pollutants and tobacco smoke > in a variety of developmental assays. > > Dr Howard is an experienced toxicopathologist with a particular interest > in the effects of toxic substances upon the fetus and the infant. > > He has been involved in the description of two newly discovered > pathological syndromes and has also studied the effects of > organo-chlorine pollutants on highly exposed industrial workers. > > Dr Howard is also Visiting Professor at the Centre for Molecular > Biosciences at the University of Ulster. > > Dr Howard has been Author and Editor of several books, such as > Unbiased Stereology and Particulate Matter, > published by BIOS Scientific Publishers. > > Dr Howard is a fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists and the > Royal Microscopical Society, > plus a member of the British Society of Toxicological Pathologists, > the International Society for Stereology, > the Working Group on Food Additives and Behaviour in Children, > the International Society of Doctors for the Environment > and the European Teratology Society. > > He is the Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board > of the recently formed charity, > the Cancer Prevention and Education Society. > > He held the position of President of the Royal Microscopical Society > from 1995-1998 and President of the International Society for > Stereology from 1991-1995. > > In 1989 he was awarded the Royal Microscopical Society's 150th > Anniversary Gold Medal for services to microscopy. > > In May 2003, Dr Howard was appointed > to the Government's Advisory Committee on Pesticides. > > Dr Howard has been an invited lecturer at the College of Europe > in Bruges and during his Presidency of the RMS, > held a place at the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee of Parliament. > He gave the main presentation, "Child Health and the Environment," > at the 3rd European Conference on Health and the Environment, > on behalf of representatives of the World Health Organisation > and the European Environment Agency. > > He has also written an article in Science in Parliament, > the official publication of the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee > and has been a personal guest of HRH Prince Charles during recent > debates concerning the field of nanotechnology. > > He has supervised PhD projects, and has been directly involved in the > development and application of a number of novel microscopes and > applications. > > He obtained a grant to purchase one of the first laser scanning > commercially available confocal microscopes. > > Dr Howard's activities in the field of microscopy are evident from his > Editorship of the Journal of Microscopy > and subsequent Presidency of the Royal Microscopical Society. > > Dr Howard has become a media spokesperson for his field, having > contributed to several television documentaries including World in Action > and Dispatches, and appearing on the Radio 4 Today Programme on > several occasions to discuss pollution topics. > > Dr Howard has been the Chairman and grant holder of the Mersey > Diabetes in Pregnancy Research Group since 1990. This is currently the > world's biggest epidemiological study into the complications of diabetic > pregnancy and has funding to continue to collect data for 10 years. > > He was involved in the development of a new series of 3-D > measurement techniques in microscopy, termed stereology, > and was subsequently invited to become Editor for > Stereology of the Journal of Microscopy. > > He has organised and taught several international courses on these > techniques and published over 40 papers outlining original advances in > the theory and application of stereology. New methods of research > facilitated by these stereological techniques are now being requested by > drug licensing authorities (e.g. US FDA) > for the toxicological testing of new drugs. > > Dr Howard has also specialised in 'single cell stereology'. > This is a body of techniques that require perfectly registered sections > and > facilitate the unbiased estimation of the geometrical features of single > objects. > These latter techniques are quite new, > but appear to be of particular strength in the field of neurophysiology. > He has recently written the first full length book on the subject, > with Dr Matt Reed of Unilever Research Ltd, > entitled Unbiased Stereology, > and including a foreword by Professor Lewis Wolpert FRS. > > To find out more about Vyvyan Howard and his work, > visit his Liverpool University homepage. > ******************************************************* > > http://www.nanotox.com/nanotech-scientists-charles-vyvyan-howard.htm [ > photo ] info@nanotox.com > > Charles Vyvyan Howard, MB. ChB. PhD. FRCPath. > > Professor of Bioimaging, School of Biomedical Sciences, > University of Ulster at Coleraine > > Member Directing Board and President Elect of International Society of > Doctors for the Environment (ISDE) > > Member of Board of Health Care Without Harm, Europe (HCWH) > > Member ot the UK Governmant DEFRA Advisory Committee on Pesticides..... > [ more ] > ******************************************************* > > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1270 > neurotoxic synergy of aspartame with Quinoline Yellow, > and L-glutamic acid with Brilliant Blue, in mouse cells, > Lau K, McLean WG, Williams DP, Howard CV, U. of Liverpool, > Toxicol Sci 2005.12.13: Murray > > [ Rich Murray: This study by an expert mainstream research team shows > that both aspartame and MSG harm developing mouse neuroblastoma > cells: "Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was found at concentrations > of additives theoretically achievable in plasma by ingestion of a > typical snack and drink." > > The possibility that prolong daily exposures would cause cumulative > effects was not studied. > > Aspartame generally exerts its toxic effects by its rapid > disassociation in the GI tract into its three components: > 50% phenylalanine, 39% aspartic acid, and 11% methanol (wood alcohol), > the last always quickly and largely turned into formaldehyde and then > formic acid, both extremely potent, cumulative toxins that harm every > cell and tissue. > > The effects of methanol can be conveniently tested by using dimethyl > dicarbonate, approved as an additive to wines and other beverages, > which readily releases about the same amount of methanol in the body > as does aspartame: > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1052 > DMDC: Dimethyl dicarbonate 200mg/L in drinks adds > methanol 98 mg/L [ becomes formaldehyde in body ]: > EU Scientific Committee on Foods 2001.07.12: Murray 2004.01.22 > > Without changing wording, I have increased spacing and altered > sequences in the first abstract > to increase clarity and add emphasis. ] > > Toxicol Sci. 2005 Dec 13; [Epub ahead of print] > Synergistic interactions between commonly used food additives in a > developmental neurotoxicity test. > Lau K, McLean WG, Williams DP, Howard CV. > Developmental Toxicopathology Unit, > Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Biology, > University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; > Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, > University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK. > W. Graham McLean w.g.mclean@liv.ac.uk > C. V. Howard c.v.howard@liverpool.ac.uk > D. P. Williams dom@liv.ac.uk 0151 794 5791 http://www.liv.ac.uk/ > Miss. Karen Lau karenlau@liv.ac.uk 0151 795 4223 > [ Deborah A. Sawatzky > Paul J. Kingham > Craig N. Lippe > B. K. Park bkpark@liv.ac.uk > D. J. Naisbitt dnes@liv.ac.uk ; d.j.naisbitt@liv.ac.uk 0151 794 5346 > Richard W. Costello rcostello@rcsi.ie > Patricia J. Manns trish.manns@ualberta.ca > M. M. Yarborough yarbroug@tamuk.edu > Dr Yvonne Allen Y.Allen@liverpool.ac.uk 0151 794 5449 ] > > Exposure to non-nutritional food additives during the critical > development window has been implicated > in the induction and severity of behavioural > disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). > > Although the use of single food additives > at their regulated concentrations is believed to be relatively safe > in terms of neuronal development, > their combined effects remain unclear. > > We therefore examined the neurotoxic effects of four common > food additives in combinations of two > ( aspartame and Quinoline Yellow, > L-glutamic acid and Brilliant Blue ) > to assess potential interactions. > > Mouse NB2a neuroblastoma cells were induced to differentiate and > grow neurites in the presence of additives. > > After 24 h, cells were fixed and stained and neurite length measured by > light microscopy with computerised image analysis. > > Neurotoxicity was measured as an inhibition of neurite outgrowth. > > Two independent models were used to analyse combination effects: > effect additivity and dose additivity. > > Significant synergy was observed between combinations > of aspartame with Quinoline Yellow, and > of L-glutamic acid with Brilliant Blue, > in both models. > > Involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in food > additive-induced neurite inhibition > was assessed with a NMDA antagonist, CNS-1102. > > L-glutamic acid- and aspartame-induced neurotoxicity > was reduced in the presence of CNS-1102; > however the antagonist > did not prevent food colour-induced neurotoxicity. > > Theoretical exposure to additives was calculated based on analysis > of content in foodstuff, > and estimated percentage absorption from the gut. > > Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was found at concentrations of additives > theoretically achievable in plasma > by ingestion of a typical snack and drink. > > In addition, Trypan Blue dye exclusion was used to evaluate the cellular > toxicity of food additives on cell viability of NB2a cells; > both combinations had a straightforward additive effect on cytotoxicity. > > These data have implications for the cellular effects of common chemical > entities ingested individually and in combination. PMID: 16352620 > ******************************************************* > > Wednesday, December 21, 2005 > > Any unsuspected source of methanol, which the body always quickly > and largely turns into formaldehyde and then formic acid, must be > monitored, especially for high responsibility occupations, often with > night shifts, such as pilots and nuclear reactor operators. > > In particular, the next review gives many recent mainstream > peer-reviewed studies that show formaldehyde, > always inevitably derived in the body from any methanol source, > including aspartame, causes endothelial injury, > ie, diabetic neuropathy -- among the most serious and complex > complications of diabetes. > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1263 > many studies on endothelial injury (diabetic neuropathy) by adducts of > formaldehyde derived from methylamine from many of the same sources > as also supply methanol (formaldehyde), including aspartame: > PH Yu et al: DJ Conklin et al: Murray 2005.12.04 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1237 > ubiquitous potent uncontrolled co-factors in nutrition research are > formaldehyde from wood and tobacco smoke and many sources, > including from methanol in dark wines and liquors, in pectins > in fruits and vegetables, and in aspartame: Murray 2005.12.21 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1250 > aspartame causes cancer in rats at levels approved for humans, > Morando Soffritti et al, Ramazzini Foundation, Italy & > National Toxicology Program > of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences > 2005.11.17 Env. Health Pers. 35 pages: Murray > > As a medical layman, I suggest that evidence mandates immediate > exploration of the role of these ubiquitious, potent formaldehyde > sources as co-factors in epidemiology, research, diagnosis, > and treatment in a wide variety of disorders. > > Folic acid, from fruits and vegetables, plays a role by powerfully > protecting against methanol (formaldehyde) toxicity. > > Many common drugs, such as aspirin, interfere with folic acid, > as do some mutations in relevant enzymes. > > The majority of aspartame reactors are female. > > In mutual service, Rich Murray > ******************************************************* > > > "Of course, everyone chooses, as a natural priority, > to actively and positively find, quickly share, and act upon the facts > about healthy and safe food, drink, and environment." > > Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net > 505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages > group with 149 members, 1,271 posts in a public, searchable archive > http://RoomForAll.blogspot.com http://AspartameNM.blogspot.com > > Dark wines and liquors, as well as aspartame, provide > similar levels of methanol, above 100 mg daily, for > long-term heavy users, 2 L daily, about 6 cans. > > Methanol is inevitably largely turned into formaldehyde, > and thence largely into formic acid. > It is the major cause of the dreaded symptoms of "next > morning" hangover. > > Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol -- 1,120 mg aspartame > in 2 L diet soda, almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg > methanol (wood alcohol). If 30% of the methanol is turned > into formaldehyde, the amount of formaldehyde, 37 mg, > is 18.5 times the USA EPA limit for daily formaldehyde in > drinking water, 2.0 mg in 2 L average daily drinking water. > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1108 > faults in 1999 July EPA 468-page formaldehyde profile: > Elzbieta Skrzydlewska PhD, Assc. Prof., Medical U. of > Bialystok, Poland, abstracts -- ethanol, methanol, > formaldehyde, formic acid, acetaldehyde, lipid peroxidation, > green tea, aging: Murray 2004.08.08 2005.07.11 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/835 > ATSDR: EPA limit 1 ppm formaldehyde in drinking water July > 1999: Murray 2002.05.30 rmforall > > Aspartame is made of phenylalanine (50% by weight) and > aspartic acid (39%), both ordinary amino acids, bound > loosely together by methanol (wood alcohol, 11%). > The readily released methanol from aspartame is within hours > turned by the liver into formaldehyde and then formic acid, > both potent, cumulative toxins. > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1141 > Nurses Health Study can quickly reveal the extent of aspartame > (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray 2004.11.21 > [ Any scientist can get access to this data for free by submitting a > proper > research proposal. > No one has admitted mining the extensive data on diet soda use > and many symptoms for decades for about 100,000 nurses. ] > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1213 > aspartame (methanol, phenylalanine, aspartic acid) effects, detailed > expert studies in 2005 Aug and 1998 July, Tsakiris S, Schulpis KH, > Karikas GA, Kokotos G, Reclos RJ, et al, > Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece: Murray 2005.09.09 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/939 > aspartame (aspartic acid, phenylalanine) binding to DNA: > Karikas July 1998: Murray 2003.01.05 rmforall > Karikas GA, Schulpis KH, Reclos GJ, Kokotos G > Measurement of molecular interaction of aspartame and > its metabolites with DNA. Clin Biochem 1998 Jul; 31(5): 405-7. > Dept. of Chemistry, University of Athens, Greece > http://www.chem.uoa.gr gkokotos@atlas.uoa.gr > K.H. Schulpis inchildh@otenet.gr G.J. Reclos reklos@otenet.gr > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1088 > Murray, full plain text & critique: chronic aspartame in rats affects > memory, brain cholinergic receptors, and brain chemistry, Christian B, > McConnaughey M et al, 2004 May: 2004.06.05 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1067 > eyelid contact dermatitis by formaldehyde from aspartame, > AM Hill & DV Belsito, Nov 2003: Murray 2004.03.30 > > Thrasher (2001): "The major difference is that the Japanese > demonstrated the incorporation of FA and its metabolites into the > placenta and fetus. > The quantity of radioactivity remaining in maternal and fetal tissues > at 48 hours was 26.9% of the administered dose." [ Ref. 14-16 ] > > Arch Environ Health 2001 Jul-Aug; 56(4): 300-11. > Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. [100 references] > Thrasher JD, Kilburn KH. toxicology@drthrasher.org > Sam-1 Trust, Alto, New Mexico, USA. > http://www.drthrasher.org/formaldehyde_embryo_toxicity.html full text > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1052 > DMDC: Dimethyl dicarbonate 200mg/L in drinks adds > methanol 98 mg/L [ becomes formaldehyde in body ]: EU Scientific > Committee on Foods 2001.07.12: Murray 2004.01.22 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/925 > aspartame puts formaldehyde adducts into tissues, Part 1/2 > full text Trocho & Alemany 1998.06.26: Murray 2002.12.22 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1224 > Aspartame disease: an FDA-approved epidemic, H. J. Roberts, > MD 2004: Murray 2005.09.30 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1233 > Aspartame -- the shocking story, The Ecologist, 2005 Sept., > p. 35-51, full text: Murray 2005.09.30: the correct author, > Pat Thomas, What Doctors Don't Tell You www.wddty.co.uk : > 2005.10.11 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1131 > genotoxicity of aspartame in human lymphocytes 2004.07.29 > full plain text, Rencuzogullari E et al, Cukurova University, > Adana, Turkey 2004 Aug: Murray 2004.11.06 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1228 > NM EIB votes 4-2 for 5-day aspartame toxicity hearing July, > 2006, requesting a Hearing Officer and a medical expert from > Environmental Dept. and legal advice from NM Attorney > General: Murray 2005.10.04 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1237 > ubiquitous potent uncontrolled co-factors in nutrition research are > formaldehyde from wood and tobacco smoke and many sources, > including from methanol in dark wines and liquors, in pectins > in fruits and vegetables, and in aspartame: Murray 2005.12.21 > ******************************************************* > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1106 > hangover research relevant to toxicity of 11% methanol in > aspartame (formaldehyde, formic acid): Calder I (full text): > Jones AW: Murray 2004.08.05 2005.09.28 > > Since no adaquate data has ever been published on the exact > disposition of toxic metabolites in specific tissues in > humans of the 11% methanol component of aspartame, the many > studies on morning-after hangover from the methanol impurity > in alcohol drinks are the main available resource to date. > > Jones AW (1987) found next-morning hangover from red wine > with 100 to 150 mg methanol (9.5% w/v ethanol, 100 mg/L > methanol, 0.01%, one part in ten thousand). > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1182 > Joining together: short review: research on aspartame > methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray > 2005.07.08 rmforall > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1071 > research on aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) > toxicity: Murray2004.04.29 rmforall > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1250 > aspartame causes cancer in rats at levels approved for humans, > Morando Soffritti et al, Ramazzini Foundation, Italy & > National Toxicology Program > of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences > 2005.11.17 Env. Health Pers. 35 pages: Murray > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1226 > USA National Institutes of Health National Toxicology > Program aids eminent Ramazzini Foundation, Bologna, Italy, > in more results on cancers in rats from lifetime low levels > of aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde), Felicity Lawrence, > www.guardian.co.uk: Murray 2005.09.30 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1186 > aspartame induces lymphomas and leukaemias in rats, full plain text, > M Soffritti, F Belpoggi, DD Esposti, L Lambertini: Ramazzini > Foundation study 2005.07.14: main results agree with their previous > methanol and formaldehyde studies: Murray 2005.09.03 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1189 > Michael F Jacobson of CSPI now and in 1985 re aspartame > toxicity, letter to FDA Commissioner Lester Crawford; > California OEHHA aspartame critique 2004.03.12; Center for > Consumer Freedom denounces CSPI: Murray 2005.07.27 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1143 > methanol (formaldehyde, formic acid) disposition: Bouchard M > et al, full plain text, 2001: substantial sources are > degradation of fruit pectins, liquors, aspartame, smoke: > Murray 2005.04.02 > ******************************************************* > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1070 > critique of aspartame review, French Food Safety Agency AFSSA > 2002.05.07 aspartamgb.pdf (18 pages, in English), Martin Hirsch: > Murray 2004.04.13 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/957 > safety of aspartame Part 1/2 12.4.2: EC HCPD-G SCF, > EU Scientific Committee on Food, a whitewash; Murray 2003.01.12 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1045 > http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/scf2002-response.htm > Mark Gold exhaustively critiques European Commission Scientific > Committee on Food re aspartame ( 2002.12.04 ): 59 pages, 230 references > > http://www.HolisticMed.com/aspartame mgold@holisticmed.com > Aspartame Toxicity Information Center Mark D. Gold > 12 East Side Drive #2-18 Concord, NH 03301 603-225-2100 > http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/abuse/methanol.html > "Scientific Abuse in Aspartame Research" > > Gold points out that industry methanol assays were too insensitive to > properly measure blood methanol levels. ] > > http://www.eatright.org/Nutritive(1).pdf > J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Feb; 104(2): 255-75. > Position of the American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and > nonnutritive sweeteners. American Dietetic Association. > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1068 > critique of aspartame review by American Dietetic Association > Feb 2004, Valerie B. Duffy & Madeleine J. Sigman-Grant: > Murray 2004.05.14 > > "Survey of aspartame studies: correlation of outcome and funding > sources," 1998, unpublished: http://www.dorway.com/peerrev.html > Walton found 166 separate published studies in the peer reviewed > medical literature, which had relevance for questions of human safety. > The 74 studies funded by industry all (100%) attested to aspartame's > safety, whereas of the 92 non-industry funded studies, 84 (91%) > identified a problem. Six of the seven non-industry funded studies > that were favorable to aspartame safety were from the FDA, which > has a public record that shows a strong pro-industry bias. > Ralph G. Walton, MD, Prof. of Clinical Psychology, Northeastern Ohio > Universities, College of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, Youngstown, > OH 44501, Chairman, The Center for Behavioral Medicine, > Northside Medical Center, 500 Gypsy Lane, P.O. Box 240 > Youngstown, OH 44501 330-740-3621 rwalton193@aol.com > http://www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/Psychiatry/walton.htm > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/857 > www.dorway.com: original documents and long reviews of flaws in > aspartame toxicity research: Murray 2002.07.31 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/858 > Samuels: Strong: Roberts: Gold: flaws in double-blind studies re > aspartame and MSG toxicity: Murray 2002.08.01 > > http://www.truthinlabeling.org/ Truth in Labeling Campaign [MSG] > Adrienne Samuels, PhD The toxicity/safety of processed > free glutamic acid (MSG): a study in suppression of information. > Accountability in Research 1999; 6: 259-310. 52-page review > P.O. Box 2532 Darien, Illinois 60561 > 858-481-9333 adandjack@aol.com > > http://www.dorway.com/upipart1.txt > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/262 > aspartame expose 96K Oct 1987 Part 1/3: > Gregory Gordon, UPI reporter: Murray 2000.07.10 > > http://www.dorway.com/enclosur.html > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/53 > aspartame history Part 1/4 1964-1976: Gold: Murray 1999.11.06 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/928 > revolving door, Monsanto, FDA, EPA: NGIN: Murray 2002.12.23 > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/927 > Donald Rumsfeld, 1977 head of Searle Corp., got aspartame FDA > approval: Turner: Murray 2002.12.23 rmforall > ******************************************************* >
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