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http://newswire.ascribe.org/cgi-bin/behold.pl?ascribeid=20090705.213650&time=08%2019%20PDT&year=2009&public=0
Are the cosmologists ready to accept that mainstream cosmology is in a
crisis? The following three short paragraphs, which were part of the
introduction to the Paris symposium, "Invisible Universe - Toward a
New Cosmological Paradigm," (June 29-July 10), provide some clues:

"Cosmology has arrived at a crossroads. According to the best data
available, from large ground-based telescopes and space observatories,
almost 95 percent of the universe irretrievably escapes observational
detection."

"This missing part of the cosmos is constituted for 25 percent by a
mysterious form of dark matter and 70 percent, by a dark energy whose
nature is even more exotic and unknown! But what are exactly these new
physical entities?"

"In an attempt to answer this complex and profound question, more than
400 experts will gather in Paris to evaluate the situation, and draw
future perspectives. The basic principles of physics appear sometimes
to be put into question. Modern cosmology is perhaps at the beginnings
of a major renewal, similar to those once made by Galileo and
Einstein."

Pentcho Valev wrote:

The fact that it is the speed of light, not the wavelength, that
varies with frequency suggests that a universal principle called the
Redshift Law might be valid:

f'/f = c'/c

where f' is the shifted frequency of light (at the moment of
reception), f is the original frequency (at the moment of emission),
c' is the speed of light relative to the observer (at the moment of
reception), c is the speed of light relative to the emitter (at the
moment of emission).

The variability of the speed of light and the constancy of the
wavelength also imply that one should look for another reason
(different from Big Bang ones) why the more distant galaxies are, the
more redshifted light coming from them is. If, as it travels, the
photon regularly bumps into something and so gradually loses its speed
(this assumption has a lot to do with the tired light hypothesis), its
speed will decrease proportionally to the distance (this reconciles
Hubble's law with the idea of a static universe):

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0806/0806.4085.pdf
"However, it may be interesting to note that Hubble, even up to his
final lecture before the Royal Society, always held open the
possibility that the redshift did not mean velocity of recession but
might be caused by something else."

http://www.sciscoop.com/story/2008/10/30/41323/484
"Does the apparently constant speed of light change over the vast
stretches of the universe? Would our understanding of black holes,
ancient supernovae, dark matter, dark energy, the origins of the
universe and its ultimate fate be different if the speed of light were
not constant?.....Couldn't it be that the supposed vacuum of space is
acting as an interstellar medium to lower the speed of light like some
cosmic swimming pool? If so, wouldn't a stick plunged into the pool
appear bent as the light is refracted and won't that affect all our
observations about the universe. I asked theoretical physicist Leonard
Susskind, author of The Black Hole War, recently reviewed in Science
Books to explain this apparent anomaly....."You are entirely right,"
he told me, "there are all sorts of effects on the propagation of
light that astronomers and astrophysicists must account for. The point
of course is that they (not me) do take these effects into account and
correct for them." "In a way this work is very heroic but unheralded,"
adds Susskind, "An immense amount of extremely brilliant analysis has
gone into the detailed corrections that are needed to eliminate these
'spurious' effects so that people like me can just say 'light travels
with the speed of light.' So, there you have it. My concern about
cosmic swimming pools and bent sticks does indeed apply, but
physicists have taken the deviations into account so that other
physicists, such as Susskind, who once proved Stephen Hawking wrong,
can battle their way to a better understanding of the universe."

http://www.prlog.org/10252874-the-existence-of-dark-energy-is-moot-because-the-universe-is-not-expanding.html
"The existence of Dark Energy is moot because the Universe is not
expanding. Dark energy thought to be the cause of an expanding
Universe is moot because cosmic dust is shown to produce the Hubble
redshift measurements without the Universe expanding.... Given that
Supernova light is unequivocally absorbed by DPs [dust particles] on
its way to the Earth, the measured Hubble redshift Z is most likely
caused by DPs and has nothing to do with an expanding Universe. Cosmic
dust therefore makes moot the existence of dark energy because it is
no longer necessary in non-expanding Universe. Cosmic dust also holds
in question the Hubble redshift as the first and only proof that the
Universe began with the Big Bang suggesting the new cosmological
paradigm adopted at the forthcoming Invisible Universe Conference in
Paris should be a return to Einsteins static Universe in dynamic
equilibrium."

http://cosmologystatement.org/
An Open Letter to the Scientific Community
(Published in New Scientist, May 22, 2004)
"The big bang today relies on a growing number of hypothetical
entities, things that we have never observed-- inflation, dark matter
and dark energy are the most prominent examples. Without them, there
would be a fatal contradiction between the observations made by
astronomers and the predictions of the big bang theory. In no other
field of physics would this continual recourse to new hypothetical
objects be accepted as a way of bridging the gap between theory and
observation. It would, at the least, raise serious questions about the
validity of the underlying theory."

Pentcho Valev
pvalev@yahoo.com