🚀 go-pugleaf

On 3 Oct, 01:07, "daestrom" <daestrom@NO_SPAM_HEREtwcny.rr.com> wrote:
> "Pentcho Valev" <pva...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
> >http://www.physorg.com/news110191847.html
> > "When exposed to a high-voltage electric field, water in two beakers
> > climbs out of the beakers and crosses empty space to meet, forming the
> > water bridge. The liquid bridge, hovering in space, appears to the
> > human eye to defy gravity."
>
> > In a strong electrical field water dipoles are ordered in such a way
> > that thermal agitation of molecules causes a SPECIFIC PRESSURE inside
> > the liquid. In certain experiments this specific pressure can lift
> > water: the energy needed for lifting is in fact heat absorbed from the
> > surroundings. If lifted water is allowed to leave the field (for
> > instance, when water has been lifted between the plates of a
> > capacitor, the specific pressure could push it through a hole in one
> > of the plates), the liquid will form, ideally, an eternal waterfall
> > outside the strong field. Perhaps the device cannot be of any
> > practical use as a heat engine but still it violates the second law of
> > thermodynamics.
>
> Actually, no it doesn't.  Look at how much energy is put into the electric
> field to create and maintain it.  Here's a hint, when the water moves, does
> it affect the electric field?

You put energy to create the electric field but then, ideally, you do
not put more energy to maintain it, although water forms an eternal
waterfall outside the electric field. Consider a charged and then
disconnected capacitor partially immersed in a water pool, as shown in
fig. 6-7 on p. 112 in W. Panofsky, M. Phillips, Classical Electricity
and Magnetism, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1962. Water
rises between the plates but this does not discharge the capacitor.
Then, if there is a small hole in one of the plates, the SPECIFIC
PRESSURE will push water through it so that water will fall outside
the capacitor. The energy of the capacitor remains unchanged. Water
was lifted AT THE EXPENSE OF HEAT ABSORBED FROM THE SURROUNDINGS so,
as it falls, it is this energy that is released - either in the form
of heat given back to the surroundings or, if there is a suitable
waterwheel, in the form of work.

Pentcho Valev