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INTRODUCTION  
by M.J. Needham

This paper presents a way to visualize the structure of the
universe that helps to relate and better understand the nature
of time, light speed, gravity, inertia, mass, quantum mechanics,
universal constants, special and general relativity.     The
theory presented here borrows from an old and discredited belief
in an "aether" in space, which was believed to be the medium
through which light waves are transmitted.  This aether was
supposed to be a kind of fluid.

The structure of "void" space that I propose is a matrix of
crystalline shaped polyhedrons which oscillate at a resonant
frequency of their own and give to the universe its quantum
nature; a sort of cosmic "foam".  The "fabric of space and time"!

1-13-98

THE QUANTUM MATRIX 
By M.J. Needham P.O.B. 337 Mathews, VA 23109

The universe is filled with (space is made up of) tiny quantum
cells (Q cells) which, together, make up the quantum matrix. 
These Q cells are of a regular polyhedral shape in the absence
of any outside force field similar to the shape that a balloon
would take if compressed along with many other identical
balloons in a large box so as to eliminate any space between
them.  All particles occupy one or more Q cells.

Particles:

Particles are vibrations of one or more Q cells.  They can be
string like in the case of zero mass particles traveling at
light speed or circular or spherical in the case of particles
with mass.  Q cells can vibrate in numerous ways and at numerous
frequencies corresponding to different types of particles. 
These vibrations interact with other particle vibrations and
with the resonant frequency of the Q cells which is reflected in
stable or unstable particles and in the myriad different
characteristics of particles.  Vibrations can circulate through
one or more Q cells rotationally, they can oscillate back and
forth longitudinally forming standing waves and they can be
combinations of frequencies.  The characteristics of spin,
angular momentum and charge are determined by these variations.

Photons:

Photons are simple sinusoidal vibrations propagated by the Q
matrix at light speed.  They can combine with irregular
vibrations of electrons in atoms to increase the amplitude of
the electron vibration and force it to jump to another layer of
Q cells.  The electron then re-radiates the photon as it falls
back to its former sphere of vibration.

Gravitation, mass and inertia:

Particles with mass are those that cause the collapse of the Q
cell or cells that they occupy.  This collapse causes movement
of Q cells toward massive particles.  This movement is
relatively rapid near the particle and slows as the inverse
square of the distance from the particle.  This movement and
particularly the acceleration of the movement as the particle is
approached makes up the gravitational field.  The interaction of
two relatively accelerating fields gives rise to both
gravitational attraction and inertia.  (Inertia is a result of
the accelerating body's gravitational field interacting with the
relatively accelerating spatial field.)  This is why
gravitational inertia is always the same for bodies of different
mass.  It is also why general relativity works so well. 
(Einstein used an accelerating inertial system as being
equivalent to gravity as the basis for his General Theory of
Relativity.)  Q cells regenerate between opposing gravitational
fields.

Nuclei:

Protons and one or more neutrons in a nucleus follow each other
in concentric spheres like layers of an onion.  The neutrons
form a separation between protons which prevents their positive
charges from causing the nucleus to fly apart.  The collapse of
Q cells caused by the layers of protons and neutrons with large
surface areas in close proximity generates the strong force - a
special manifestation of gravity.

Antimass:

Just as massive particles cause the collapse of quantum cells
and generate a gravitational field, the structure of antimassive
particles cause new Q cells to form.  These particles can be
attracted by a strong gravitational field if Q cells are moving
faster toward the mass that the antimassive particle is
generating new Q cells.  Antimass particles repel each other.

Time:

Q cells have a resonant frequency.  Photons propagate from one
cell to the next at this Q frequency and this fastest possible
movement creates the perception of time.  We can call this one
cycle of the resonant frequency of the Q cell the quantum unit
of time (one insto).  As a particle moves from one Q cell to the
next it loses one insto so that time slows with increasing
velocity.

The speed of light:

The speed of light is constant because of the finite, constant
period required for transit between adjacent Q cells.  The
slowing of time and the increase in mass as velocity increases
is due to the velocity relative to the local Q matrix rather
than to an arbitrary observer.  The Michelson - Morley
interferometer experiment should have been carried out with one
arm of the apparatus pointed vertically.  Light is bent by
gravitation because of the movement of Q cells toward mass.



Electric and magnetic fields:



Electric and magnetic fields are carried or transmitted by the
quantum matrix through a polarization of the Q cells which is
impressed by a charged or magnetized object and is transmitted
from one cell to the next to form the field.

Quantum fluctuation and uncertainty:

The movement of Q cells in gravitational fields causes the
vibrations which are particles to constantly shift from cell to
cell and their own characteristics cause them to move between Q
cells in various ways.  These movements average out according to
the wave functions of quantum mechanics.  Dual slit and dual
path quantum experiments cause Q cells to be arranged in such a
way that particles can separate into two vibrational paths.  The
arrangement of the experiment is reflected back to the entry
point of the particle so that the particle takes one path or the
alternate path or both depending on the characteristics of the Q
cell arrangement at the entry point.   Apparatus set up to
measure which path is taken by a particle changes the
characteristics of the Q cell arrangement and alters the outcome
of the experiment.

Universal Constants:

Constants such as the Speed of Light, Planck's Constant and
others quantify the relationship of the Q frequency and the size
of Q cells to various physical phenomena.  The Planck length
(1.61 + 10 to the -35 meter) and Planck time (5.37 + 10 to
the-44 sec) are directly linked to the dimensions of the Q cell
and to the insto since the ratio 1.61 + 10 to the -35 meter/5.37
+ 10-44 sec equals 3 + 10 to the 8 m/s (the speed of light) so
that the ratio is correct if not the actual value of the terms.

Cosmology:

Special relativity predicts that mass increases as velocity
increases.  This increase in mass is due to an increased rate of
collapse of Q cells as the particle moves through the Q matrix.
The mass of individual particles in a massive object increases
as the total mass increases and Q cells move more rapidly into
the object.  The mass of a black hole is much greater than the
mass of its individual particles under normal conditions.  As
the universe ages and black holes grow, they finally begin to
cause a contraction of the universe because of the increase in
total mass.  Ultimately they consume each other and suck up the
Q matrix itself.  When the Q matrix is gone, gravity disappears
and a big bang results which becomes the beginning of a new
universe. In the beginning instant there is no Q matrix thus no
mass and no limitation on velocity.  This accounts for the
phenomena called inflation by cosmologists.

needhamm@erols.com