🚀 go-pugleaf

In article <38A59472.6F6F20FC@hate.spam.net>,
  Uncle Al <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote:
>
>
> don_quixote@mindless.com wrote:
> >
> > In article <389EC402.B8D4E83D@durham.ac.uk>,
> >   Chris Pearman <C.P.Pearman@durham.ac.uk> wrote:
> > >
> > > OK, let's start at the beginning:
> > >
> > > "Put a few gravitons together and what do they tend to do... move
> > > towards
> > > each
> > > other. Therefore, if our universe is composed of gravitons, these
> > > gravitons are moving towards each other and not away from each
> > > other:
> >  "
> > >
> > > Why do gravitons tend to move towards each other?
> >
> > My "gravitons" are not particles; merely an even more specific
> > definition for gravity
> [snip]
>
> Arbitary assumptions give arbitary answers, GIGO.  If it isn't math it
> is opinion.

And arbitary spellings give your misspelling of "arbitrary," GAGO.
If you don't show me the math where I'm wrong... I am right.

S D Rodrian
sdr@t-three.com
http://www.geocities.com/absoluterelativity

Moreover, prejudiced assumptions give prejudiced answers:
Even now Big Bangers never cease to find "proofs" of the
primordial explosion (we came from) BECAUSE it never occurs
to any of them that we could have "come from somewhere else."

BEGIN QUOTE:

'Little Bang' experiment boosts Big Bang theory

February 10, 2000
Web posted at: 1:09 PM EST (1809 GMT)

GENEVA (AP) -- A series of atom-smashing experiments has for the first
time produced "compelling" evidence that the smallest particles floated
freely a split second after the creation of the universe, scientists
announced
Thursday. In the experiments, scientists recreated a state of matter
that
hasn't existed since the first few microseconds -- or millionths of a
second
-- after the explosion.

The discovery is a breakthrough in the attempt to study the exact moment
of the Big Bang, the explosion in which scientists believe the universe
was
born, and it is a first step in studying states of matter as yet
unobserved.

The discovery verifies an essential part of the Big Bang theory, that
the
quarks and gluons existed in a free state before the intense heat cooled
slightly and they joined to form the larger particles that have long
been
known to make up the atom. The scientists jokingly called the
achievement
the "Little Bang."

It also follows Einstein's theory, E equals MC
squared, where energy equals mass times the
square of the speed of light. Unlike nuclear
explosions, where energy is created from matter forced together, the
energy
that fired the nuclei together was converted into matter.

Quarks are the smallest known particle. Before the CERN experiments,
science had seen quarks and gluons only in the "trapped" state they have
existed in since three minutes after the Big Bang.

"We have recreated matter in a state we have never seen before, at
energy
densities 20 times higher than that inside the atomic nucleus," said a
statement by CERN, also known as the European Laboratory for Particle
Physics. "The same conditions have only existed in the first few
microseconds after the Big Bang."

By colliding two lead nuclei at nearly the speed of light, they were
able to
create -- in a very small area -- heat that's 100,000 times greater than
the
center of the sun. In the process, they effectively created new matter
from
the energy, adding more than 4,000 quarks to the 1,248 quarks released
from inside the nuclei.

The scientists then indirectly observed the "primordial soup" of quarks
and
gluons which spewed out, then rapidly cooled down and turned back into
protons and neutrons.

CERN spokesman Neil Calder said the "important scientific breakthrough"
came in a series of experiments by 350 scientists from around the world,
beginning in 1994.

"We now have evidence of a new state of matter where quarks and gluons
are not confined," said professor Luciano Maiani, CERN's
director-general.

Calder said: "If the Big Bang theory is correct, if the universe started
the
way which we believe it did, then at some stage these quarks must have
been floating around in a kind of soup before they got caged inside
other
particles."

The CERN statement said that the evidence was "compelling enough to say
that we have formed a new state of matter."

The evidence, however, is indirect because it stems from the measurement
of particles that have already returned to their confined state, it
said.

Even though CERN hasn't been able to study the free quarks and gluons,
they know they created them because the particles "retain enough memory"
of that state -- "like the grin of the Cheshire cat in Alice in
Wonderland
which remains even after the cat has disappeared."

It will be up to the new Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, or RHIC, at
Brookhaven National Laboratory on New York's Long Island to enable
scientists to examine the so-called "quark-gluon plasma," Maiani said.

Edward Suryak, a professor at Stoneybrook State University, Long Island,
said the CERN work was a first step but that the Brookhaven lab will
create significantly larger energy that will let scientists study the
quark
phenomenon much more closely.

The plasma created at CERN "appears for a short time" only, he said in a
telephone interview.

Scientists have long expected to find this super hot "primordial soup"
according to the theory that the universe was created in a gigantic
explosion.

But their accelerators that smash subatomic particles into each other
have
been too weak to create the extremely hot state where the quarks and
gluons floated freely.

"All around the world physicists have been trying to recreate this soup,
and
this we have now cooked up at CERN," Calder said.

James Gillies, a CERN physicist, told The Associated Press that CERN's
accelerators "had just enough energy to be able to create the stuff, but
'just
enough' isn't enough to be able to study its properties in great
detail."

"It's very good news for RHIC, because they will be able to make it very
easily and study it in great detail," Gillies said.

>
> --
> Uncle Al





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