🚀 go-pugleaf

Pentcho Valev wrote:
> Pentcho Valev wrote:
>> BURT <macromi...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>
>>> Light is blueshifted on its way into gravity.
>>> Light is redshifted on its way out.
>>
>> Sometimes even Einsteinians explain this correctly:
>>
>> http://www.blazelabs.com/f-g-gcont.asp"The first confirmation of a
>> long range variation in the speed of light travelling in space came in
>> 1964. Irwin Shapiro, it seems, was the first to make use of a
>> previously forgotten facet of general relativity theory -- that the
>> speed of light is reduced when it passes through a gravitational
>> field.... Faced with this evidence, Einstein stated:"In the second
>> place our result shows that, according to the general theory of
>> relativity, the law of the constancy of the velocity of light in
>> vacuo, which constitutes one of the two fundamental assumptions in the
>> special theory of relativity and to which we have already frequently
>> referred, cannot claim any unlimited validity. A curvature of rays of
>> light can only take place when the velocity of propagation of light
>> varies with position."......Today we find that since the Special
>> Theory of Relativity unfortunately became part of the so called
>> mainstream science, it is considered a sacrilege to even suggest that
>> the speed of light be anything other than a constant. This is somewhat
>> surprising since even Einstein himself suggested in a paper "On the
>> Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light," Annalen der
>> Physik, 35, 1911, that the speed of light might vary with the
>> gravitational potential. Indeed, the variation of the speed of light
>> in a vacuum or space is explicitly shown in Einstein's calculation for
>> the angle at which light should bend upon the influence of gravity.
>> One can find his calculation in his paper. The result is c'= c(1+V/c^2)
>> where V is the gravitational potential relative to the point where the
>> measurement is taken. 1+V/c^2 is also known as the GRAVITATIONAL
>> REDSHIFT FACTOR."

> Pound and Rebka found experimentally that the GRAVITATIONAL REDSHIFT
> obeys the equation f'= f(1+V/c^2), which is consistent with Einstein's
> 1911 equation c'= c(1+V/c^2) and the textbook formula
>
> frequency = (speed of light)/(wavelength)

This is the blurb given in "Basic Physics 2 by S.L.Martin and
A.K.Connor", (1960+ vintage), briefly describing the purpose of
the Pound and Rebka experiment.
"In 1958 an effect was discovered by Mossbauer, working in U.S.A
and known as the Mossbauer effect, which enabled very tiny
frequency differences to be detected and measured. In 1960, using
the Mossbauer effect, Pound and Rebka succeeded in measuring the
extremely small change (only about 1 part in 4e+14) of frequency
of the y-rays emitted by a sample of radioactive iron when it
was moved from the bottom of the tower to the top of a tower 74
feet high. The observed frequency change agreed with the
relativity prediction within 5%."

According to your equation  f'= f(1+V/c^2)
  V(a) and V(b) for the tower base and tower top is:
  G = 6.67E-11
  M = 5.97E+24
  ra = 6378000   Tower base radii
  rb = 6378023   Tower top radii (+23 meters (74 feet) high)
  Va = G * M / ra ^ 2  = 9.7888378648735791276869837432118
  Vb = G * M / rb ^ 2  = 9.7887672652959533370556770582427

The problem is that, according to your equation, even a
1.4e+21 hz gamma ray only generates a change of 1 part in
1.4e+21.

  f = 1.4e+21
  f'= f(1+Va/c^2) = 1400000000000000152270.8112313668
  f'= f(1+Vb/c^2) = 1400000000000000152269.7130157148
The difference is 1.098, which is near enough to 1 added cycle
in 1.4e+21 cycles.

A 1.4e+21 hz gamma ray generates a frequency change of only 1
part per 1.4e+21 cycles, when the observed change was 1 part in
4e+14 cycles. That's 3.5 million times less than observed. That's
a long way short of the 5% accuracy claim, isn't it?

But what did the experiment prove anyway? It seems to have only
demonstrated that the gamma ray was created in an entirely
different environment to the one in which most other natural
oscillators function.

The charge structure of the Caesium atom configuration that
drives the oscillator of an atomic clock, obviously functions in
the realm outside a proton or neutron, as apparently do the
natural oscillators which generate the characteristic spectral
lines of an atom. All of these oscillators obey the same rule,
that the rate of oscillation increases with increasing distance
from a gravity source.

The wavelength of a gamma ray is short enough to have been
generated entirely within a proton, requiring that there be
some sort of charge structure configuration within, which will
resonate in tune within the proton (black hole) confines. We only
see it when part of it escapes.

It's more likely that the increasingly "intense" environment
deeper into a gravity well is going to increase, rather than
decrease the forces acting to restrain the proton contents, hence
the frequency increases.

The truth is that time (not clocks) runs faster with increasing
depth.

 http://members.optusnet.com.au/maxkeon/the1-1a.html

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Max Keon