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We have been having a problem posting at Netcom. This is a repost 
because I did not see the original. If it's double posted it's because 
of a problem with the server.

Script only for Version 0.1
Copyright 1994 by Sarfatti & Associates. This information may not be 
reproduced for commercial use in any form without permission. 
Complete product to have sound, Mathematica and 3D Studio 
animations, video, detailed notes with equations. Authorware self-
study modules with multiple choice quizes. Each numbered screen 
below will actually be a hyper-linked doorway into an illustrated 
animated musical Borgesian Garden of Forking Paths much like the 
game Myst - but better -- much better!

The Sarfatti 
MULTIMEDIA LECTURES ON
POST-MODERN PHYSICS

To the Stars and Beyond

Multimedia Introduction to the 
New Physics
by Dr. Jack Sarfatti

1. Destiny Matrix
	The fundamental level of reality is a living enchanted web or 
destiny matrix of quantum connections beyond space and time that we 
can call the "Mind of God".
 
	We remember the past.  Why can�t we premember the future?  
There are legends of prophets who could see the future.  Is it all 
irrational primitive superstition?  Or is there a wonderful surprise 
waiting beyond death?

2. Introduction 
	Physics divides historically into three stages.
-	Classical
-	Modern
-	Post-Modern

3. Contents
	Classical Physics
-	Newton�s mechanics
-	Maxwell�s electrodynamics
-	Thermodynamics

	Modern Physics
-	Einstein�s spacetime
-	Quantum Mechanics

	Post-Modern Physics
-	Mind Beyond Quantum Mechanics

4. Overview 
	Post-modern physics seeks to explain the meaning of existence 
and to provide the super technology that will propel us to the stars 
and beyond.

	We present a brief history of the beginning of our 
colonization of the universe and our possible ascent to immortality 
at the "Omega Point" in the far future.

5. Newton�s Mechanics
	Time was invariant the same for everyone.
	Forces cause objects to accelerate.
	The space shuttle in weightless free orbit around the earth 
is accelerated by the force of gravity toward the center of mass of 
the earth.

6. Maxwell�s Electrodynamics
	Force fields act on charges.
	A changing magnetic field through a loop of wire induces an 
electric current flow in the wire.
	An electric current causes a magnetic field.
	A changing electric field also causes a magnetic field. This 
results in radio and TV.

7. Thermodynamics
	Heat flows spontaneously from a hot absolute temperature to a 
cold absolute temperature. A fraction of that heat can be converted 
to mechanical work.
	It is impossible to get mechanical work from a heat reservoir 
at a single temperature.

8. Summary 1
	Classical physics consists of mechanics, electrodynamics and 
thermodynamics.
	Classical physics is the foundation of the industrial 
revolution starting with the steam engine and ending with radio and 
television.

9. Where to get more information
	Taking the Quantum Leap 
-	by Fred Alan Wolf
	The Physics of Immortality
-	by Frank Tipler
	The Emperor�s New Mind 
       (Chapter 5 "The Classical World")
-	by Roger Penrose

10. Einstein�s spacetime
	Special relativity (1905) unified time with space. Time alone 
was no longer the same for every one. Only the "spacetime 
interval" and the speed of light were "invariant".
	The speed of light was an absolute barrier. It guaranteed 
that causes would always come before their effects. Precognition and 
telepathy were impossible.

11. Spacetime Diagram
	Time is the vertical axis. The future is up and the past is 
down. Space is the horizontal axis for a given frame of reference F.

12. Major General�s Song
	"About binomial theorem I am teeming with a lot of news. 
With many cheerful facts about the square of the hypotenuse!"
-	HMS Pinafore
-	by Gilbert & Sullivan

13. Spacetime "Interval"
	is the "hypotenuse" of the spacetime triangle between the 
white circle event and the black circle event. 
-	 The square of this hypotenuse is the square of the red time 
line minus the square of the blue space line for frame F.

14. Light Cone
	Each point ("event") in spacetime is the origin of a future 
light cone (pointing up) and a past light cone (pointing down). 
-	Each horizontal slice is a spherical wave front in space 
coming from the origin event of the cone.

15. From The Future?
	Electromagnetic waves from the origin event on the upward 
future cone are called "retarded" propagating from present to 
future.
	Hypothetical waves from the origin event on the downward past 
cone are called "advanced" propagating backward in time from 
present to past.

16. Causality Principle
	Causes must always be before their effects.
-	Therefore, advanced waves from our future to our present do 
not exist. This implies that all paranormal claims of precognition 
are wrong.

17. Worldlines
	are paths in spacetime diagrams. They describe the possible 
histories of elementary particles.
	Worldlines are either
-	timelike
-	lightlike
-	spacelike

18. Timelike Worldline
	is inside the light cone describing slower-than-light motion 
of an elementary particle.
-	 The interval or proper time between any two events on the 
timelike worldline is a real number. Proper time is what a clock on 
the worldline measures.

19. Lightlike Worldline
	is always oriented at 45^o in the flat spacetime of special 
relativity. It is a ray of a light cone. 
-	The proper time between any two events on the lightlike line 
is zero. Time stands still at the speed of light!

20. Spacelike Worldline
	is outside the light cone describing the faster-than-light 
(FTL) history of a hypothetical "tachyon" particle. 
-	The proper time is an imaginary number.

21. Lorentz Frame Transformation
	If frame F' is moving past frame F such that both coincide at 
the origin event, then the time and space axes of F' relative to F 
look like

22. Frame Invariance of "Interval"
	The red time line is parallel to the time axis of frame F'. 
The blue space line is parallel to the space axis of F'. The 
hypotenuse of the new distorted spacetime triangle is the same 
number as it was in frame F!

23. Action
	The proper time is a special case of action which is 
precisely defined in the classical mechanics of particles and 
fields.  It is also central to quantum physics where it must be a 
whole number (1,2,3,...) of very tiny indivisible Planck constants 
h. 
-	The units of action are energy multiplied by time.  It takes 
energy and time to act.

24. Invariance and Conservation
	Frame invariance of the proper time is a special case of an 
action symmetry. Symmetries imply conservation laws.
-	Invariance of action under time (space) displacement of the 
frame of reference results in conservation of energy (linear 
momentum).
-	Invariance of action under space rotations of the frame of 
reference results in conservation of angular momentum.

25. Time Dilation
	Even though the 4D proper time (hypotenuse) is the same for 
all slower than light observers moving uniformly relative to each 
other, not so for 1D coordinate time. 
-	Moving clocks near the speed of light run slow and moving 
meter sticks contract in their direction of motion. 
-	The effective mass of a particle shoots to infinity as the 
particle approaches light speed -- hence, the light speed barrier!

26. Causality Violation
	The time order between two events on either subluminal 
timelike worldlines or lightlike world lines is frame invariant. 
-	The time order between two events on a superluminal (FTL) 
spacelike worldline is not frame invariant as can be seen from the 
geometry of the Lorentz transformation.
-	Therefore, spacelike influences violate the principle of 
causality since a cause can come after an effect in some frames.

27. Spacelike Influences
	The cause (red circle) is before the effect (black circle) in 
frame F, but is after the effect in frame F'.

28. Geodesics
	are the straightest four dimensional worldlines possible 
which connect two fixed given events in space time. Any other wiggly 
world line connecting these same events has a shorter proper time 
than the geodesic.
-	Therefore, an astronaut who travels near the speed of light 
and comes back to earth will be younger than the twin he left 
behind.

29. Action Principle
	All the world lines connect the same two events. The white 
one is the geodesic, which although it looks the shortest, actually 
has the longest proper time.

30. Equivalence Principle
	A uniformly accelerating frame in flat space time is 
equivalent to a noninertial frame fixed to the surface of a large 
mass over a small enough region of spacetime in which tidal forces 
are small.
-	An inertial frame in flat spacetime moving with constant 
speed in a straight line in space is locally equivalent to a frame 
in weightless "free float" around a large gravitating mass. This 
was Einstein�s great insight for general relativity.

31. Weight
	You are weightless on a timelike geodesic.  You feel weight 
on the surface of the earth because the electrical forces between 
earth and your body push you off a timelike geodesic. 
-	The experience of weight corresponds to "hovering" at a 
fixed distance rather than falling freely.
 
32. General Relativity (1915)
	Gravitation is the bending of spacetime by energy.
	The weightless free floating graviational orbits of small 
test particles (like the space shuttle) around large masses (like 
earth) are actually geodesics in curved 4D spacetime. 
-	Although the geodesics are elliptical, parabolic and 
hyperbolic in 3D space, they are as straight as they can be in 
warped 4D spacetime.

33. Tidal Forces 
	Imagine you are approaching the spherical surface of a non-
rotating black hole in a hovering manuever like a helicopter.  As 
you approach closer to the black surface of the hole, the radial 
tidal force will stretch you and the tangential tidal force will 
compress you. The tidal force goes to infinity crushing you to a 
string before you reach the trapped surface.
 
34. Spacetime Warps
	The light cones of different origin events in flat spacetime 
are all parallel to each other on a spacetime diagram. In contrast, 
the cones of neighboring events in curved spacetime "tilt" 
relative to each other. 
-	We measure this tilt as tidal forces -- the usually small 
difference in gravity force over a small distance.

35. Bending Time
	Our expanding universe as a whole appears to be quite flat in 
3D space. Therefore, curvature of 4D spacetime is mainly due to the 
bending of time-space planes. 
-	Indeed, Newton�s law of gravity is mostly due to the bending 
of time rather than the bending of space alone. The exception is a 
black hole where the area of a sphere can be much smaller than 
4psquare of the radius!

36. Trapped Surface
	occurs where the red light cone is tilted to the vertical red 
line.
-	All timelike and lightlike
-	world lines to the left of
-	the red line cannot escape 
-	to spatial infinity which is
-	to the right of the red line.
37. Black Holes
	When any form of energy is compressed to high enough density 
it can bend spacetime so much that the lightcones tip over in such a 
way that classical light waves or any form of matter moving slower 
than light cannot escape the trapped surface of the black hole.

38. Entropy of the Black Hole
	The flow or "arrow of time" is associated with the increase 
of random disorder or entropy of a closed system. 
-	The trapped surface of a black hole has an arrow of time 
because ordinary matter can fall into the hole but cannot escape the 
hole. The surface is a "one way membrane" and it has an entropy 
proportional to the area of the trapped surface.

39. Exploring a Blackhole
	Motion along a freely falling weightless geodesic into the 
black hole is possible without experiencing any severe tidal force 
near the surface of the hole. However, the tidal forces will crush 
any form of matter as it approaches the singularity of the hole.
-	In contrast, we have already seen that if you try to hover 
outside the hole near the surface on a non-geodesic you will be 
crushed by the tidal forces at the surface.

40. Classical Singularity
	The curvature of space time explodes to infinity at the 
singularity inside a black hole. Therefore, the classical theory of 
general relativity breaks down at the singularity and we need a 
quantum theory of gravity which does not yet exist in satisfactory 
form.

41. Traversable Wormholes
	are not black holes. They are large tunnels in hyperspace 
beyond spacetime which permit travel over large distances and times 
in a short proper time of the traveler.
	These stargates require a new form of "exotic matter" that 
has tachyonic properties.

42. Time Travel to the Past
	In principle if you accelerate one mouth of the wormhole 
relative to the other near the speed of light (or move it near a 
black hole) and return it to the unaccelerated mouth, (or if you put 
one hovering mouth up close to the trapped surface of a small enough 
black hole and then bring it back) then you can travel back in time 
by entering the accelerated mouth and exiting the unaccelerated 
mouth. You can go back to the future by reversing the sequence.

43. Closed Timelike Worldlines
	The world line is every where inside its local light cone 
tilted by the bending of spacetime by energy. Time travel to the 
past is possible if they exist.

44. Chronology Protection?
	Stephen Hawking thinks that quantum corrections to the 
classical physics of stargates will prevent time travel to the past. 
Other physicists like Igor Novikov and Kip Thorne are not sure. We 
have to wait until we have a good enough quantum gravity theory.  
Have time travelers from our future interfered with us in UFOs?

45. Starship Warp Drive?
	It is possible in general relativity with exotic matter to 
send a ship to the stars and beyond by contracting spacetime in 
front of the ship and expanding it in back of the ship. 
-	The ship is locally moving slower than light and in 
weightless "free float" on a geodesic. Also there is no time 
dilation with the earth yet the ship is effectively moving faster-
than-light!

46. Summary 2
	The modern classical physics of Einstein�s special relativity 
unifies space with time and assumes the local principle of 
causality. 
	General relativity explains gravitation as the bending of 
spacetime. It opens the door to time travel to the past which allows 
a global or nonlocal violation of causality as well as effective 
superluminal journeys to the stars and beyond!

47. Where to get more information
	A Journey into Gravity and Spacetime 
-	by John Archibald Wheeler.
	Black Holes and Time Warps 
-	by Kip Thorne.

48. Quantum Mechanics
	Classical physics pictures the world as made from tiny point-
like elementary particles and fields spread out all over spacetime.
	Quantum mechanics replaces particles and fields by a weird 
"wave function" that gives the probabilities for events to happen.
	Some observables (spin) are "quantized" into integer 
multiples of a basic unit.

49. Quantum Weirdness
	Schrodinger�s Cat is both alive and dead at the same time 
according to quantum mechanics. How can we reconcile this obvious 
nonsense with our experience?

50. Photons
	Electromagnetic wave fields that appear to vary in energy 
continuously at the classical level are actually made up of "real" 
photons with energies E = hn per photon. Planck�s constant is h, and 
the frequency of the wave is n. The vacuum consists of fluctuations 
of virtual photons of energy hn /2 and virtual particle-antiparticle 
pairs.

51. Double Slit Experiment (the basic mystery of the strange 
quantum!)
	If the single photon passes through both slits at the same 
time it interferes with itself and we see a pattern of alternating 
bright and dark fringes on a screen beyond the slits.
	If the plate with the slits can recoil then the photon passes 
through only one slit and the interference fringes disappear.
-	We see this on the next animation!

52. Wave Particle Duality
	When the double slit plate is clamped the yellow horizontal 
fringes are seen. When the plate is free to recoil from a photon 
impact the fringes disappear into the central yellow band.

53. Interferometer
-	The single photon scatters off a beam splitter. If it takes 
both paths at the same time then one detector remains silent because 
of destructive interference while the other detector "clicks" when 
the photon reaches it. This will be the case if all the mirrors in 
the interferometer are clamped. However, if one mirror is allowed to 
recoil (or wiggle if hit by a photon), then both counters will click 
at equal rates for a steady stream of photons.

54. Delayed Choice Experiments
	Experiments with single photons in interferometers show 
counterfactuality and that causes can happen after their effects.
-	Whether a single photon takes two paths at once, or only one 
path, in the past depends upon the future delayed choice of an 
observer to prevent or allow a mirror in the interferometer to 
wobble, respectively, after the photon as already passed through the 
beam splitter!

55. Heisenberg Microscope
-	If you try to observe the position of an electron with a 
microscope you must scatter a photon from it and catch the photon. 
To locate the electron more precisely the wavelength of the photon 
must be as small as possible. But making the photon wavelength 
smaller makes the uncontrollable random momentum transfer to the 
electron from the collision stronger. The more precise the position 
measurement, the less precise the momentum and vice versa.

56. Heisenberg Uncertainty 
	More generally, observable properties of elementary particles 
and fields are represented by square matrices.
-	 If the matrices do not commute the corresponding 
measurements are incompatible with each other. For example, PQ - QP 
= ih, where P is the momentum matrix and Q is the position matrix. 
This implies that increasing the precision of the P measurement 
decreases that of the Q measurement and vice versa.
 
57. Examples of Incompatibility
-	Simultaneous measurements of the spin of an elementary 
particle along different directions in space are incompatible with 
each other.
-	Simultaneous measurements of the number of photons and the 
phase of an electromagnetic wave are incompatible with each other.
-	Simultaneous measurements of the electric and magnetic field 
at the same point in space are incompatible with each other.

58. Self-Measurement
-	The incompatibility of simultaneous measurements assumes that 
the measuring system is separate from what it is measuring. David 
Albert has recently shown an unexpected loophole. Thus, a system 
that is able to measure itself can beat the Heisenberg uncertainty 
principle for special pairs of noncommuting matrices representing 
observable properties of itself. However, this information, like 
mental "qualia", cannot be directly experienced by an external 
observer.

59. Copenhagan Interpretation
	The weird wavefunction is everything in the Copenhagen 
interpretation. 
	The weirdness is that the wave function is a coherent blend 
of contradictory situations.
	For example, a tiny electron can be in two different places 
at the same time, or, another example, have both spin up and spin 
down along a given direction in space.

60. Quantum Measurement
	In von Neumann's view, the wave function evolves in time in 
two very different ways called "U" (unitary) and "R" (collapse). 
	The U evolution is continuous and deterministic computed from 
Schrodinger�s equation.
	The R evolution is discontinuous and indeterministic giving 
only probabilities.

(reference: Roger Penrose's two books The Emperor's New Mind and 
Shadows of the Mind)

61. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen
	or "EPR" (1934) was a "thought experiment" in which 
Einstein showed that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle could be 
violated unless there was a "spooky" faster-than-light action at a 
distance between two "daughter" particles moving off in opposite 
directions from the splitting of a single "parent" particle.  
(animation)

62. Bell�s Nonlocality Theorem
	Shows that the statistical predictions of the R collapse 
break the speed of light barrier of Einstein�s special relativity.  
Einstein called this "telepathic ... spooky action at a distance."
	However, this spooky "nonlocality" cannot be used for 
practical communication faster-than-light.  It can be used for 
cryptography.

63. Contrafactual Definiteness
	Bell�s proof of faster-than-light nonlocality requires that 
possible evolutions that might happen, but do not actually happen, 
nevertheless, affect what is measured in definite ways. 
	Experiments with interferometers confirm this strange 
"counterfactual definiteness".

64. Aspect�s Experiment (1982)
	in Paris showed that Bell�s locality inequality derived from 
the causality axiom of special relativity was wrong. The experiment 
measured the strong correlations between two spacelike separated 
photons emitted by the same atom.  It confirmed the statistical 
predictions of  quantum mechanics which violate Bell�s theorem.

65. Parallel Universes (A great mistake, or a great truth?)
	This "many worlds" interpretation says that the R collapse is 
only an illusion. Everything that might happen actually does happen 
in different parallel universes. 
	Counterfactual definiteness is also an illusion so that 
"spooky" superluminal nonlocality is also an illusion.
Photographs of Other Worlds
	However, the parallel universes interpretation is also weird 
because it implies that there are many different memory records of 
our lives in the other worlds.
	David Albert has recently shown that we can detect our other 
selves in the universes parallel to the one we think we are in!

66. Bohm�s Theory
	The world consists of matter made of particles and fields and 
a mind-like objectively nonlocal wave function that pushes particles 
away from their classical force-determined paths.
	Orthodox quantum mechanics depends upon the approximation 
that the particles do not directly act back on their wave functions.

67. Aharonov's Theory
What actually happens now is superdetermined by two quantum state 
vectors one from the future and one from the past. Furthermore, 
quantum time machines can be built that allow time travel to the 
past to a time before the machine was actually built! This is very 
different from the star gates of general relativity in which you 
can't go back to before the gate was built. However, the quantum 
time machine is very unreliable which may explain why we cannot use 
precognition very well if our brains are quantum time machines.

68. Decoherence
       An attempt by Murray Gell Mann and company to "rigorously" 
explain how the classical world appears. Very controversial and 
probably wrong because it needs a proper theory of quantum gravity 
before it can really be solved. That is, to really solve the mystery 
of the quantum requires really new physics that we don't understand 
yet.
(reference, The Quark and the Jaguar)

69. Feynman�s Theory
	A complex probability amplitude describes an entire possible 
world line "history" of a particle in Einstein�s spacetime. 
-	The phase of this complex number is the twice pi multiplied 
by the classical action divided by Planck�s constant h.
-	Add the amplitudes for indistinguishable histories with the 
same start and finish and then take the squared modulus to get the 
probability for the particle go from start to finish.

70. Quantum Time Loops I
	The idea that the squared modulus (of the quantum amplitude 
for a set of indistinguishable world lines) is the probability of 
that set of histories requires information to flow both forward and 
backward in time.
-	Suppose there are only two possible world lines red (1) and 
yellow (2) for the particle to go from start to finish. If the 
amplitude A runs forward in time, then its complex conjugate A* must 
run backward in time because of Feynman�s rule that the phase is 
proportional to the action.

71. Quantum Time Loops II
-	The action is the sum over all pieces of the path (or 
worldline) of the local Lagrangian for that piece multiplied by the 
corresponding small change in coordinate time. The Lagrangian does 
not change if the direction of time reverses. Therefore the phase, 
which is proportional to the action, reverses sign when time 
reverses, and we get the complex conjugate amplitude!

72. Quantum Time Loops III
-	So, if A1 is the retarded amplitude for the red worldline. 
It�s complex conjugate A1* is the advanced amplitude backward in 
time for the same worldline. But we have two possible paths, so the 
probability is proportional to 
-	(A1* + A2*)(A1 + A2) = A1*A1 + A2*A2 +A1*A2 + A2*A1
-	Note that the interference terms  A1*A2 + A2*A1 correspond to 
information flowing forward and backward in time along different 
worldlines!

73. Quantum Gravity and Nanotechnology
Roger Penrose thinks that quantum gravity is required to solve the 
measurement problem. He gives a "new criterion" for this, which, if 
true, would mean that nanomachines would not work as expected 
according to classical mechanics. It would also mean that we could 
make quantum computing chips with today's technology. However, Brian 
Josephson may have found a flaw in Penrose's theory. It is too early 
to know who is right -- Oxford's Penrose or Cambridge's Josephson? 

74. Where to get more information
	Shadows of the Mind
-	Roger Penrose
	Quantum Mechanics and Experience
-	David Z Albert
	The Undivided Universe
-	David Bohm and Basil Hiley
	The Feynman Lectures on Physics
-	Richard Feynman

75. Beyond
	Frank Tipler, in his book, The Physics of Immortality, 
considers the possibility that a super-computer (The Omega) in our 
far future will actually resurrect us in the form of computer 
programs in cyberspace.  We would then all live forever in a perfect 
world. Is this really our destiny, or is it silly fantasy?

76. Quantum Mind
	Tipler's idea assumes that consciousness and our experience 
of self is computable.  Roger Penrose in his two books, The 
Emperor's New Mind and Shadows of the Mind considers the idea that 
consciousness is fundamentally not computable by classical computers 
that operate only forward in time. 
 
77. Quantum Computers
	What would happen if we could make a quantum computer that 
could also compute backward in time?  Would that allow Tipler's idea 
to work?  This will be a key problem that we will work on in these 
lectures.

78. Physics, PSI and Beyond
	The big question is whether or not faster-than-light and 
backward-in-time communication is possible using the nonlocal 
quantum connections in the pre-geometry beyond space-time. According 
to quantum mechanics today, although these connections are very real 
that cannot be accessed for practical telepathy, precognition and 
psychokinesis. On the other hand Berkeley physics professor, Henry 
Stapp has recently published a paper in Physical Review A (July, 
1994) which, on face value, validates experiments by Helmut Schmidt 
and the Princeton experiments on precognitive remote viewing. 
Stapp's theory goes beyond quantum theory today and involves a 
violation of its statistical predictions by conscious matter. This 
also demands a violation of the causality principle of relativity 
and the classical form of the second law of thermodynamics according 
to a theorem by Asher Peres. We are on the brink of a new exciting 
revolution in the passage from modern physics to post-modern physics 
at the end of the 20th century much like the passage of classical to 
modern physics at the end of the 19th century.