🚀 go-pugleaf

hello. topics included in this month's os/2 monthly mag are:

- java programming
- warp server
- os/2 tcpip
- mobil computing
- fixpak 17...
- shareware

and more....

enjoy! 

felix eng
singapore os/2 user group 
===============================================



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Subject: OS2News: The OS/2 Warp Monthly, 02/96
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Welcome to the OS/2 Warp Monthly Newsletter

The theme of this month's newsletter is Leaps of Technology.  In case=20
it isn't obvious why Ichose this as the theme for the February issue,
I'll explain.  This year, 1996, is a leap year.  I don't mean to insult
you by informing you of this but when I told people about the theme for
this issue, they were surprised that this year is a leap year.  I think
the fact that we now have an Olympics every two years may be confusing
everyone.  Ormaybe it's just that people don't realize the year is 1996
in the first weeks of January.  Or maybe I just talk to some pretty
unaware people.

Even so , the February issue is the "leap" issue because February is
the "leap" month.  Actually, never in my life, before now, had I
referred to February as the "leap" month.  But when I said this to
people, they nodded their heads like they had always thought of
February that way.  (Then again, maybe they wanted to recover from
being unaware that '96 was a leap year.)

Speaking of February, I never have understood why January and March
both have 31 days and February, on a regular year, only gets 28.  If
both January and March each donated a day to February, then all three
would have 30 days.  February would not need the extra day during leap
years and January, the first month of the year, could get the extra
day.  Doesn't that make more sense?

So far this discourse has not had a lot to do with technology or OS/2
Warp but I'm getting there.  However, it's going to take a few more
sentences, so bear with me.

Now that I've established the validity of the "leap" theme, let me
explain what I think of when I think about leaps.  I think about
ballet.  To understand why I make this connection, check out a picture
of John Renvall performing a leap in the role of the Bronze Idol in La
Babyadere at
http://www.i3tele.com/photo_perspectives_museums/faces/labaydere.html
or other leaping American Ballet Theater dancers at
http://www.i3tele.com/photo_perspectives_museums/faces/butler.html.

Dancers, trying to perform a perfect leap, want to create a sense of
ballant.  The literal translation of the French, ballant, is dangling,
but dancers take it to the next level.  To them, ballant is the ability
to appear as if they are effortlessly suspended in the air and could
remain there forever.  This is as opposed to what they are actually
doing; using a great deal of strength, balance, and determination to
fight the forces of gravity.

It seems that we can apply this same term to leaps of technology.  The
innovations or products that embody a successful leap of technology
will also create this sense of ballant.  That is, they would be so
obviously the next step that everyone thinks, "Why didn't I think of
that?".  Almost as if the idea was dangling in the air and anyone could
have grabbed it.  Furthermore the products with ballant would have
longevity at the peak of the technological leap both in the original
form and in the ability to expand and grow the original concept.

OS/2 has the characteristic of technological ballant.  It was most
definitely the next obvious step after DOS -- it corrected many of the
DOS shortcomings.  It has also shown longevity.  The first version of
OS/2 was released in 1987 and, contrary to what some of OS/2's
opposing forces would like people to believe, it is still going strong.
Furthermore, it is continually being extended.  Not only does IBM
extend the original concept with new features and functions but
application developers expand upon it using OS/2 technologies to create
a wide range of innovative products.

I know you're thinking that after this introduction, this issue better
be good.  Don't worry, it is.  We look at the technological leaps
included in new OS/2 products including OS/2 Warp Server, Lotus'
SmartSuite 96 OS/2 Warp Edition, and Notes Release 4.0.
We even have an article on the Single Input Queue (SIQ) fix that we'll be=
=20
shipping in the next release of OS/2 Warp written by developer, Aidon=20
Jennery. We also have some good stuff in the Shareware and Commercial=20
Applications section including a description of Athena Design's Mesa
Developer Object Kit.  The other sections are meaty as well with tips=20
on correcting LAN Server errors, the second of Jose deJesus' Java
articles and an indepth interview about OS/2 with computer crime
researcher, Professor Nikolai Bezroukov.

SHAREWARE AND COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
 From object technology leaps, AthenaDesign bounds=20
 by Jeri Dube

>From a software perspective, one of the greater leaps of technology has
been objects.  While they have been around for years, only now are we
seeing the technological leap gain altitude as more developers
incorporate object technology into products.

Athena Design, best known for its Mesa spreadsheets for OS/2 Warp, has
always used object technology.  Now Athena is going a step further and
providing its customers with a Developer Object Kit.  The Mesa
Developer Object Kit (DOK) contains the same 32- bit object components
that Athena used to build Mesa.  It also includes the file filters that
allow read and write compatibility with other spreadsheet applications
such as Lotus 1-2-3.  The Mesa DOK now allows application developers to
add spreadsheet fun ctionality to other applications without
programming the details themselves.

Already Mesa DOK beta customers are adding spreadsheet functions to
medical systems, real-time data feeds and analysis systems and a range
of applications important to sectors of the finance industry.  To add a
spreadsheet to a C++ application, you instan tiate a model (from the
spreadsheet engine class) and then connect this model object to a view
object.  The view object displays the spreadsheet in a window on the
screen.  This example requires only about 12 lines of code.  VisualAge
C++ users can create th e same functionality using drag and drop.  All
the user would have to do is drag a spreadsheet component from the Mesa
DOK and drop it on the project.

The object technology allows Mesa DOK users to customize the
spreadsheet components to accommodate individual requirements.  For
example, if the user had unusual display requirements so he could
easily compare spreadsheets, he could make modifications with out
affecting how the rest of the functions work.  The user would also
minimize his programming effort by creating subclasses that inherit
many usable attributes and methods from a parent class.  The user would
then modify only some of the methods associated with the new
subclasses.

The Mesa DOK is based on IBM's System Object Model (SOM).  This makes
it easy to distribute Mesa DOK upgrades.  When a customer gets an
upgrade, he does not have to recompile nor relink the applications that
depend on the Mesa DOK.  Future versions of Mesa DOK will be
backward-compatible.
=20
This spreadsheet object kit is the first of its kind available to OS/2
users and developers.  You can grab a free beta copy at
ftp://ftp.athena.com/pub/Mesa2/dokpr1.zip.  Athena and resellers will
begin selling the first release some time during the first quarter of
1996.

Product Review:  Technical Connection Personal Software


IBM Technical Connection Personal Software is a collection of tools
that allow users to have quick access to the latest in service and
product support information.  And what a truly wonderful collection it
is.

The software collection consists of seven components including AskPSP,
Solutions Database, Technical Bulletins, Corrective Service Diskettes,
Reference and Diagnostic Diskettes, Product Information, and Device
Drivers.

The Technical Connection is easy to load and even easier to use.  To
install it, you simply put the CD-ROM into the system, change to the
drive letter designation for your CD-ROM and type install.  It really
couldn't be an simpler.  The icons in the package are well labeled and
easy to understand.

If you own IBM equipment, the Reference and Diagnostic Diskettes are
indispensable options.  It could turn out to be very handy the first
time you can't find your reference diskette for your PS/2 Model 70.
The list of equipment diskettes is extensive enoug h to include CD-ROMs
and page scanners.  I was quite impressed.

The Product Information section will keep you up to date on the latest
IBM products available.  It also includes IBM Dealer Support News, Team
OS/2 Newsletters, and several other newsletters from different groups
at IBM, including this one.  Demonstration software programs are also
available here from time to time.  This area contains such a tremendous
amount of information that it alone makes the Technical Connection
subscription worth the price.

The Device Driver section is also indispensable for medium and large
companies that use a wide variety of equipment.  The video driver list
contains drivers from ATI, Western Digital and Cirrus Logic.  The
PCMCIA section contains drivers from several manufa cturers including
Toshiba and Apex.  Similarly, the CD-ROM section presents drivers from
Mitsumi, Sony, Phillips, Chinon and others.  As a technician, this
section really caught my attention because it would save me from having
to call a half-dozen differe nt bulletin boards to get the drivers I
need.  It's a real time saver.

The Technical Bulletins section is divided into PS/2 Assist and OS/2
Assist.  The PS/2 area contains the PS/2 Assistant, the Consumer PC
Assistant, PS/2 Marketing, and General Information Assistant.  The OS/2
Assist area is an exceptionally comprehensive listing that includes
the OS/2 platform product strategy, questions and answers on several
software products, employee written software (that does a wide variety
of things), the Personal Systems support family (PSSF) problem
reporting guide and users guide , and last, but not least, the
Technical Solutions Library.  The Tech Solutions Library contains
information on OS/2 Warp, Communications Manager/2, DOS, LAN, and
multimedia.  All in all, it is a very complete guide that complements
the other sections very well and provides yet another source of
solutions.

To stay current with the latest fixpacks and service packs, jump into
the Corrective Service Diskettes section.  The Technical Connection
compresses over 350 megabytes of information and fixes into this area.
Most of the fixes concern installation and crea tion instructions.  The
fixes cover a wide variety of products including Personal
Communications AS/400, OS/2 Warp Connect, and Communications Manager/2.
This is another incredible grouping of information and tools to make
your support technician's life a lot easier and keep your systems
running smoothly.

The Solutions Database allows you to find solutions to reported
problems.  This is the area where you can get confirmation that you are
not the only person in the universe with this problem.  This database
is a collection of APARs (Authorized Program Analys is Report).  Each
entry contains a brief description of the closed problem, the symptoms,
and the resolution.  Previously you could only access this information
on a BBS, now you can have it at your disposal at any time.  This
definitely provides a savings i n time and money as well as increased
efficiency in getting a problem solved without having to call for help.

I have saved my favorite part of the Technical Connection for last.
AskPSP is your own personal help desk.  It uses an expert system tool,
CasePoint, to allow you to ask questions in everyday English to help
you find solutions.  It contains case bases on a variety of products
including Communications Manager/2, OS/2 Warp, OS/2.X, DCE, LAN
Systems, OS/2 Warp Connect, and=09 Novell NetWare from IBM.  You will
also find a readme file and a tutorial to show you how to use AskPSP.

For example, imagine you were using OS/2 Warp Connect and could not get
the software to see your 3COM 3C509b network adapter.  By describing
the problem to AskPSP and answering its questions, in a matter of
minutes you would find that the card probably is not configured
correctly.  It would tell you to check the transceiver type (set to
match the cabling that you are using), to disable the plug & play
feature, and to set the modem speed in the softset configuration to
9600 baud.  It is really a phenomenal to ol that many of the support
technicians at IBM actually use.  I require it in my bag of tools.  A
lot of hard work has gone into creating the case bases and we are
continually updating them.  The effort and commitment to quality are
evident.

The cost of the Technical Connection is quite reasonable.  A single
purchase costs $59.  An annual subscription is available with the
updates coming either monthly or quarterly.  The quarterly updates
subscription is $119 per year while the monthly updates subscription is
$299.  As an initial purchase bonus, the Technical Connection includes
a copy of the CD-ROM containing over 275 books on a variety of OS/2
products.

Having been a support technician with several hundred systems to
maintain, I wish I had had a tool the caliber of the Technical
Connection.  I have not seen a support tool of this quality from any
other hardware or operating system manufacturer.  I highly recommend
it to both end users and in-house technicians alike.

=20

* This article is based on the author's personal review of the product
and should not be viewed as an IBM endorsement of such product.

Product Review:  Xit 2.0 by Collin Summers
=20
One of the neatest little shareware OS/2 Warp utilities I have seen in
a while is Xit.  It is the follow-on to the freeware Xit that added a
one click close button to your title bars.  Xit 2.0 goes beyond the
close button and allows for the addition of all kinds of different push
buttons to title bars as well as adding a few other functions.

Let's start off by going over the different function buttons that you
can add.  Lots of buttons allow easy one click access to different
options.  Without Xit, many of these options are hidden in the top left
icon's pull down menu as well as in other pull-down or pop-up menus.

Here are my favorite functions.=09

The roll up/down window is a great option that literally rolls the
window into the title bar.  It's great for cleaning up the screen.  The
user command button is one of the most useful options.  The user
command option allows Xit to run anything you can currently run from
the command line.  I have it run my personal information manager; so
its always easy to launch no matter what I am d oing.

Some of the other one click button options are:  The close window that
lets you close windows.  The Xit task list pops up an abbreviated
version of the OS/2 Warp task manager -- or you can use it to bring up
the OS/2 Warp version. Extended, keys, or index help buttons all
allow for one click access to different sections of the help screens.
The next or previous window lets you cycle through open objects.  The
move or size window lets you quickly invoke the moving or resizing of
windows.  The show launch pad will bring the OS/ 2 Warp toolbar to the
top of your desktop.  The edit popup menu brings up some of the typical
edit commands, such as cut, copy, and =09 paste.  The mark and copy to
clip board, copy all to clip board, or paste from clipboard do just
what they say they'll do with one click.

For Presentation Manager windows, you can add buttons to clear/delete
selected text or cut to clipboard.  In DOS and OS/2 windowed sessions,
you can open the set font size dialog box.  You can also put a DOS
window into full screen mode.  =09 Xit makes it a lot easier to
manipulate files and folders.  You can do many things such as navigate
between folders with the open parent or open parent and close current
folder buttons or arrange and refresh now the objects in the folder.
Xit buttons also make it easier to get to sort by:  name, type, real
name, size, write date, access date, or creation date functions.

You can have up to ten of these optional buttons in operation at a
time.  You can set up each button either on the left or the right hand
side of the title bar.

If this sounds good to you , "Wait, there's more."  You can enable
mouse options so that your center or right mouse button perform various
functions.  You can also set the mouse to do any of the functions, I
described earlier by simply clicking the designa ted mouse button.
Similarly, you can make use of the Alt, Ctrl and Shift keys in the same
way when they are held in conjunction with the selected mouse button or
in various combinations with each other.  For example, you could set up
a key/mouse button co mbination to perform the roll up/down window
function.  You can also use Xit to set up your keyboard to act as
double or single clicks on the mouse buttons.

The one downside is that some programs don't seem to work well with
Xit.  That isn't a problem, because an Xit option disables it from
working within those programs.  You can also use this option to add any
applications where you don't want Xit to be acti ve in the title bar.

I am sure I have left out some features but I think you can see it is
loaded with lots of function.  After using it for the past two weeks or
so I have found this to be one of my most treasured add-ons.  (Michael
and Peter my check will be sent post-haste
..)  You can try Xit 2.0 out yourself at ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/os2/wps.=20



* This article is based on the author's personal review of the product
and should not be viewed as an IBM endorsement of such product.


PRODUCT TIPS Quick Tips by Collin Summers

Work Area Folders:  By using work area folders you can easily launch
groups of applications.  Simply create a folder on your desktop (Drag
one from the templates folder).  Open the folders settings and go to
the file tab.  Click the work folder check box.  Now whenever you open
that folder its objects immediately go to the state they were in the
last time you closed it.  For example, when I am out of the office, I
open my Mobile Office folder.  It launches Passport/2 (to connect to my
host system), opens my document folder, and launches E-mail
applications.  When I close the folder, the command closes all the
objects.

Multiple Instances of Applications:  You can run multiple instances of
an application at the same time.  For example, you can launch multiple
WebExplorers.  To set this up, go to the WebExplorers settings
notebook.  Go to the window tab and change it from display existing
object to create new window.  Now every time you double click on the
WebExplorer, it will launch another one.

Templates:  You can turn often-used documents into easy to reuse
templates.  Simply create a document or shell of a document using your
favorite word processor (It will work with almost any kind of data).
Go to its settings and select the general tab.  Select template.  You
can now move the template (by using pickup) to an easily accessible
place.  Now, whenever you want to create a new version of that document
just tear it off the template, change its name, and off you go.

Reduced Popup choices:  Hitting the right mouse button gives you a
myriad of choices.  This choice set can be reduced by adding SET
MENUSTYLE=3DSHORT to your CONFIG.SYS file.

=0C Correcting Networking Errors for OS/2 Warp Connect by John Crane
There are several errors that may occur on an OS/2 Warp Connect system
attached to a network.  Most of these manifest themselves at boot,
while others hide themselves and you have to search them out.  All
these errors generally fall into one of three categories, LAN
Transport (LT) errors, Network errors, or Requester errors.  This
article covers only the most frequently occurring LT errors.

Since many of these errors may occur quickly during boot, the user
needs a way to be able to find what errors are occurring and in what
order.  OS/2 Warp Connect keeps two error logs, the Net Error log,
which tracks every single error, and the LANTRAN.LOG that only keeps
track of Network Interface Card (NIC) or network connection errors.
You can review the Net Error log by simply entering "Net Error" at a
prompt.  The LANTRAN.LOG resides in the IBMCOM directory, and therefore
is only present when Multi-P rotocol Transport Services (MPTS) is
running.  You can read it by changing to the IBMCOM directory from a
[C:] prompt and using the type command to view it.  You can find any
errors that occur in OS/2 Warp Connect in one of these two logs.

LT 00014 is a seldom seen error that indicates there are not enough
resources available for the PROTOCOL.INI to execute all of the drivers.
In most cases, the most simple solution for this problem is to add more
memory.  If the system already has 32 MB or more, the next step would
be to limit the number of drivers loading in the CONFIG.SYS.

LT 00042 is a common error especially if the OS/2 Warp Connect
installation was not able to "sniff" the NIC adapter.  Usually, this
error indicates OS/2 Warp Connect's inability to bind to the card
drivers or the drivers' inability to initialize the card.  The binding
or initializing process breaks down when the drivers are not written
for the OS/2 Warp operating system.  Most recently manufactured cards
come with OS/2 Warp drivers on a diskette or the OS/2 drivers may be
available from the card manufactu rer's Bulletin Board Service.  OS/2
Warp Connect requires two drivers.  Both have the same name but their
extensions should be .NIF and .OS2.  For instance, the user may have an
IBM token ring card.  The drivers for OS/2 Warp Connect that come with
the card are called IBMTOK.NIF and IBMTOK.OS2.

The LT 80204 error usually indicates that NetWare Requester is trying
to start in MPTS, but the Novell NetWare Client has not yet been
installed or started.  Specifically, it is looking for the LSL.SYS to
have already been loaded in the CONFIG.SYS.  Usua lly, installing the
NetWare Client, by typing Prodinst (Product Install), from the CD-ROM
drive will correct this problem.  If not, check CONFIG.SYS to see where
the LSL.SYS is loading and be sure it occurs before MPTS initializes.
LT 80204 is an error that usually leads to a PRO 0033 error as well.
The PRO 0033 occurs because one or more protocols have not been able to
use the card, as a result of incorrectly loaded card drivers or because
OS/2 Warp Connect could not initialize the card.  This is directly
related to the LT 80204 error and will usually disappear when you
eliminate the LT error.

The LT 80210 error occurs when the physical address for the network
adapter card driver has not been configured for ODI2NDI.  You can find
this node address in the LANTRAN.LOG.  If it's not there, look on the
card itself or run the diagnostic provided with the card to find it.
After you find the 12-digit node address, open MPTS and add the address
to the first line of the NetWare Requester protocol.  If you are
loading 802.2 as a protocol, check to see if it has a different address
configured.  If so, eit her change it to the one found by the above
steps or configure it for the adapter's universal address.  You can
find the universal address only by running diagnostics on the card.
When you exit MPTS, it gives you the option to update the CONFIG.SYS
file w ith the changes you just made.  Save and update the CONFIG.SYS
file and everything should be fine.

LT 80213 is another instance of the NetWare Requester not being able to
bind to either the card or its drivers.  This is a very similar problem
to an LT 80204 and you can resolve it in much the same way.  It is not
unusual for this error to be followed by PRO 0025, PRO 0026, PRO 0027,
or PRO 0029 errors.  These errors involve the various protocols that
are trying to attach to the adapter card, and will almost always clear
up once you resolve the LT 80213 problem.  Remember, there is the
possibility that the NIC could actually be defective.

LT 80215 has to do with the Query Time-out value established by
NetBIOS.  You can set this value in MPTS by editing the NetBIOS
protocol or edit the NETBIOSTIMEOUT variable in the PROTOCOL.INI file.
The values can be set from 500 to 10000 where the default is 2000.
Usually increasing the value over 2000 clears up the problem.

LT 80225 is an error dealing with Frame Types set in the NetWare
Requester of MPTS.  The default Frame Header Type is Token Ring, which
if you are using an Ethernet card will cause this error.  If the
network is using 802.2 or 802.3, you can set that here as well.  Once
again though, if you set it incorrectly, it will cause problems.  You
can only set one of these protocols at a time, as this is a selective
choice.

LT 80227 is a similar error to LT 80210 and you should follow the same
steps to resolve the problem.  This error deals only with the NetWare
Requester so how the 802.2 protocol is set does not affect it.  The fix
does not require an universal node address. Just get the adapter node=20
address from the LANTRAN.LOG and add it to the NetWare Requester=20
protocol.  =20

You can resolve these common LT errors using the methods described in
this article, although you may encounter others.  Do not forget that
help for any error is available at a command prompt.  Just type help
and the error.  For example, to find out more about an LT 80225 error,
at the [C:] prompt type help lt80225.  Notice there is no space between
the LT and the number.  These tips should get you through most of the
LT errors that you can encounter in OS/2 Warp Connect.  Laptop
deployment in the workplace by Kurt Ruby and Diane McBride

There is little debate that laptop computers can increase productivity.
Our jobs within the IBM corporation provided us the opportunity to
deploy laptop technology in the workplace.  We first deployed a pool of
IBM ThinkPads for use on business trips.  This later led to deploying
IBM ThinkPads as primary workstations for select people in that same
development organization.  We learned a number of lessons as we rolled
out these two usage types.  It is our hope that other people attempting
a similar imple mentation can learn from our experiences.

Hardware Configuration Before diving into the lessons, a little
information about the hardware and software configurations we used
might provide some insight.  The travel pool of laptops consisted of a
hodge-podge of various IBM ThinkPad models (i.e.  models 350, 500,
360C, 360C E, 755C, 755CS and 755CV).  The memory capacity ranged from
as little as 8MB on a ThinkPad 360 to as much as 40MB on a ThinkPad
755CV (this model has an overhead display).  The hard disk capacity was
either 340MB or 540MB.  All machines had PCMCIA modems and a few had
PCMCIA token ring cards.

The laptops deployed for workstation use were ThinkPad model 755's.
They all had 20MB RAM, 540MB hard drives, PCMCIA modem, PCMCIA token
ring cards.  These workstations included IBM Dock II stations that
provided speakers, two ISA slots, two additional PC MCIA slots, CD-ROM
bay and hard drive bay.

Software Configuration All the laptops had OS/2 Warp FullPack (with
IBM's WINOS2 code) installed along with various software products.  Our
users needed to run OS/2 and a few Windows 3.1 applications.  This made
OS/2 Warp FullPack a natural choice.  We chose the FullPack version
over OS/2 Warp because we would only have to install a single operating
system.  Although most of our laptops came preloaded with Windows 3.1
and/or OS/2 Warp, we chose to reformat the hard drive.  We felt that
because the majority of pre-installed sof tware was targeted for home
use it was not much use in the workplace.  We were rewarded with a
smaller hard disk footprint that gave the user more space for data and
other applications.

As an added bonus, the plug-and-play support that OS/2 Warp provides
for PCMCIA cards and other ThinkPad hardware features impressed us.
(This was not the case with Windows 95).  The support made software
configuration fairly straightforward.

Common Lessons As we look at the two types of laptops deployed, some
common lessons apply to both types.

Limit the number of laptop models if possible.  We probably discovered
this lesson first.  Some laptop models of ThinkPads (and probably other
non-IBM laptops as well) have a sl ightly different hardware BIOS.
Differences in display technology also made software compatibility
impossible.  The impact was having to learn and know about all the

It is important to note that the IBM ThinkPad 360, 755 and later models
have the system serial number as part of the BIOS information.  This
can be an aid when trying to retrieve a stolen machine.  Alerting IBM
service centers of the serial number could result in recovering a
machine, if and when it is brought to a service center.

Use power-on passwords or additional security features if the laptop
provides them.  Some laptop machines provide some level of hardware
power-on password to protect data and/or hardware settings from
unauthorized use.  Power-on passwords can usually be removed via jumper
settings or removing the battery for extended periods of time.  Wh ile
not fool-proof, it can be a significant deterrent to theft.  Some
laptop models provide greater levels of hardware password protection.
For example, the IBM ThinkPad 755 series supports a power-on password,
a hard drive password and a system password.  The power-on password=20
can be disabled by IBM service, while the hard drive and system=20
password cannot be overridden.  The latter two password schemes=20
provide a high level of security, but they requiring careful planning=20
before use.

Establish a stockpile of hardware/parts that commonly fail.  In the
perfect world, nothing ever breaks.  Hard drives, diskettes, and PCMCIA
cards should theoretically work forever.  This is sometimes the case
with desktop PCs but laptop computers were meant to be portable, which
implies that they get moved around, sometimes dropped or, even worse,
crushed.  We found that simple things such as PCMCIA modem cables break
with normal use.  Below is a list of some of the items we stockpile to
reduce downtime:  modem cables, splices, extension cables power
supplies and cables batteries hard disk drives token ring (LAN) cables
diskette drives

The quantity to stockpile depends on the number of laptops being
supported.  People using laptops as primary workstations in the
workplace sometimes like an extra power supply for work only.  (This
way, they don't have to handle a power supply at home and at work).

Have adequate technical support.  Laptop computers, while similar to
their desktop brethren, require special technical support.  PCMCIA
cards provide challenges both from a hardware and software standpoint.
The BIOS is usually different than those found on desktop systems.
Loaning new l aptop machines to the technical support staff when they
arrive helps them develop the expertise they need.

Travel Lessons The "travel" pool of laptops provided us our first look
at laptop technology in the workplace.  Everyone who used our pool of
machines found them to be a big productivity aid when traveling on
business.  This deployment taught us a number of lessons uniqu e to the
mobile user.

Have a well defined check-out system.  A check-out process is one of
the obvious necessities when loaning machines.  Scheduling machine
laptop machines come in handy.  Here is a list of accessories that we
found useful.  A telephone tester to identify digital jacks that can
destroy most PCMCIA modem cards.  A 20 foot phone cable.  A phone
splicer to connect cable from modem to 20 foot cable.  An extra modem
to phone jack connector (some cables break).  An extra battery pack
(separate charger is optional).  A digital-to-analog converter.


Register some laptops for Worldwide travel.  This lesson is only
important to businesses that engage in worldwide travel.  We discovered
a significant amount of paper work to file with U.S.  immigration for
each laptop that is used for international travel.  The number of
laptops needing to be regis tered depends on the number of people
traveling.  We found that one machine was able to satisfy most of our
needs.  We also have a set of plug adapters for use in foreign
countries.  Don't forget about the power supplies.  Some power supplies
handle dual voltage and some don't.  Check the hardware documentation
to be sure.

Consider a dedicated demo machine.  One of the advantages of a laptop
machine is it makes a convenient demonstration machine.  We have an IBM
ThinkPad 755CV dedicated to this.  It has 40MB of memory and the
overhead display screen comes in useful for giving demos when
projection hardware is not available.  Be sure to get a laptop that is
       /=3D      division =20
       %       modulo=20
       %=3D      modulo=20
       >>      right shift=20
       >>=3D     right shift (propogate sign)=20
       >>>     zero-fill right shift=20
       <<      left shift=20
       max()   maximum value of range=20
       min()   minimum value of range

A unary operator works on a single operand, whereas a binary operator
applies to two operands.

Some rules apply to the type of result an expression produces:
Operations on integers never return a result of type character(char),
short, or byte.  If a variable x is declared byte, x + 2 would return
an integer(int).  If one of the operands is of type long, the result is
also long.  An expression produces a double-precision value, if at
least one of the operands is double-precision.  If the Java compiler
figures that the result of an expression will be outside an operator's
range, it reduces the answer to modulo the range of the result type.

There are also Boolean operators, which return either true or false.
These include:

Operator Operation=20
!         negation=20
&         logical AND=20
&=3D        logical AND=20
|         logical OR=20
|=3D        logical OR=20
^         logical XOR=20
^=3D        logical XOR=20
&&        logical AND=20
||        logical OR=20
>         greater than=20
<         less than=20
>=3D        greater than or equal to=20
<=3D        less than or equal to=20
=3D=3D        equality=20
!=3D        inequality=20
?:        ternary if, then

Notice that operators follow a precedence order.  Java evaluates
(1 + 2 * 3) as being 7, not 9, because the multiplication operator has a
higher precedence than the addition operator.  Parentheses can override
these rules.  For example, to get 9, you could w rite the above
expression as (1 + 2) * 3. In this case, parentheses will force the
addition to occur before the multiplication.  The precedence order of
Java operators from highest to lowest is as follows:

..=20
[]=20
()
++ -! ~instance of=20
* / %=20
+ -=20
<< >> >>>=20
<> <=3D >=3D=20
=3D=3D !=3D=20
&=20
^=20
|=20
&&=20
||=20
?:
=3D +=3D -=3D *=3D /=3D &=3D |=3D ^=3D %=3D >>=3D <<=3D >>>=3D=20
,

An expression with two operators of equal precedence (as in the * and /
operators above) evaluates from left to right.  Thus, the expression
(10 / 20 * 4) returns 2, not 0.125.  Consequently, we say that the *
and / operators have left to right (as opposed to right to left)
associativity.  The associativity for most Java operators is left to
right.

Statements Java supports simple and structured statements.  Simple
statements include declarations, assignments and function calls, such
as:

int x;                      // declares x as an integer variable
x =3D (1 + 2 * 3);            // assigns the value 7 to x=20
MySub(x);                   // passes x to the function MySub

Structured statements can be compound or of control flow.  Like in
C/C++, a Java compound statement is simply code enclosed within curly
braces:

{=20
<code>
 }

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
Control Flow Statements Control flow statements are used to control the
way a program flows.  Except for the goto statement, Java's control
flow statements can be conditional, repetitive, transfer, and
exceptions.

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
Note:  Although goto is a reserved word, Java does not support the goto
statement.  Instead, Java programmers use labels with reserved words
such as break and continue.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

Java's conditional statements include if, if-else, and switch
constructs.  Basically, their format is as follows:

/** Format of the if statement **/=20
if <boolean>=20
<statement>;

<code>

If <boolean> evaluates to true, <statement> executes.  Otherwise, the
program skips <statement> and continues executing the rest of the code.
<statement>, of course, can be either simple or compound.  Here is an
example of an if statement:

if (x =3D=3D 7)=20
      }

The do-while loop works similar to the while loop, except that, unlike
while, do-while executes the body of the loop (<statement>) at least
once:

/** Format of the do-while loop **/=20
 do <statement>=20
 while <boolean>;

This type of loop is known as a post-test loop because it tests the
<boolean> expression after executing <statement>.  A loop, such as
while, that tests the condition before executing <statement>, is known
as a pre-test loop.  The following do-while example increases x by 1 at
least once, whether or not the value of x is less than 7:

 do=20
  {=20
    x =3D x + 1;=20
    System.out.println(x);=20
   }
   while (x < 7);

The transfer statements include break, continue, and return.  Their
formats are as follows:

/** format of the break statement **/=20
  break <label>;

/** format of the continue statement **/=20
  continue <label>;


/** format of the return statement **/=20
  return;

Any statement in your source code can have a label, which is simply an
identifier followed by a colon, placed before the labeled line.  Break
and continue statements use labels to transfer control within or out of
loops.  Functions use the keyword return to transfer program execution
to the line following the function call.

Exceptions Exception handling is another mechanism by which you can
affect a program's flow of execution.  An exception is an abnormal
error or condition that occurs while a program is running.  Although
Java provides standard exception-handling services, you can impl ement
your own exception handlers to catch and handle runtime errors.  Since
exception handlers are derived from the Exception system class, they'll
be covered in a later lesson, once you're up to speed with classes.

The OOP Paradigm If you want to understand Object Oriented Programming,
think in terms of objects, just like you do in the real world.
Consider, for example, a car.  A car is an object.  To drive it, you
need to use the transmission, accelerator, steering wheel, brakes, etc
.. These devices interface between you and
the car, and, therefore, you must know how to use them.  However, you
don't have to know how they work internally to be able to drive the
car.

Software objects work the same way.  If the car were a software object,
to use it, all you would have to know is how to interface with it.  The
way you do that is through the object's public methods.  Methods are
simply routines that are tied to the object.

Say the car's fuel is a variable called fuel.  In a traditional
programming language, accelerating the car would cause a call to some
function, say accelerate, that affects the value of fuel.  Fuel could
be a global variable that other functions (i.e.  startcar) could easily
access.  While this sounds like a clear-cut plan, an OOP enthusiast
would tell you that there is a problem with this picture:  your
program's data and the functions that act upon it are not together.

In the real world, it would mean driving a car that uses gas from an
lends itself quite well to the scheme.

In the wake of the computer revolution and the advent of the Internet,
the importance of a global network has significantly increased.  As
this happens, TCP/IP grows significantly in stature.  Just as one does
not need to know much about the make up of a ca r to enjoy riding in
it, it is not necessary to understand the underpinnings of the protocol
suite in order to partake in the benefits that it offers.  After all,
the suite provides a great deal of abstraction, shielding users from
the particularities of hardware and networks and applications
programmers from having to know much about specific implementations of
the protocols.  However, an informed user is bound to benefit when
he/she knows the history, evolution, implementation, and direction of a
product.

History & Evolution

Although achieving popularity just in the past few years, the standard
is not very young when compared to the life cycle of most products in
the computer industry.  Its origin dates further back than the age of
the Personal Computer.  It was the result of brilliant research and
clever forethought.

Around the mid 1970s, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of
the U.S.  Department of Defense began conducting research on connecting
networks.  By 1977-1979, the communication protocols for a global
network started taking more definitive shape.  As a result of that
work, ARPANET, the backbone of the global Internet, was formed in 1980.

The Routing Agent

Routing is at the heart of the IP protocol.  It determines which path
the datagram will take.  Given a network, there must be an entity that
makes the decisions to forward the information based on the IP address.
For instance, if the IP address lies within the local network then no
outside path will be chosen.  We thus distinguish between direct
delivery and indirect delivery.  In direct delivery, the datagram is
sent to a machine that is in the same physical network.  In such cases,
no router is involved beca use the capability to converse among the
different machines in the network is inherent to that network.  All
that is needed is to fit the datagram in (a) network frame(s), bind the
IP address to the hardware physical address and send the frame(s)
directly.

Indirect delivery is for sending datagrams across different networks.
This necessitates the services of a router.  A router is a computer
that connects physical networks.  Without them, inter-networking would
be impossible.  Hence, a host (machine running on the network) will
send the datagrams to the router that will choose a path based on the
IP address.  Obviously, a router must be known to the physical networks
it connects and will have IP address for each network.  Routing may
depend on using routing tabl es that store destination routes.  Since a
system must store a tremendous number of routes, using these tables
consumes a great deal of space.  A method called next hop routing,
reduces the required space by maintaining just enough information to
reach the next router, which in turn will worry about finding the next
hop.  It is advisable that routers be dedicated machines; but, host
systems can perform routing.  The latter case can lead to some
hardships for the host machines.

Routers must know the physical addresses of all the machines en route
to the destination because the datagram only has the IP address and not
the physical network address.  This gives way to a couple of protocols
known as ARP and RARP.  In ARP or Address Resolution Protocol, the
router will broadcast a frame containing the IP address and the
physical address of the sender to determine the physical address
associated with the IP address. The owner of the IP address will reply
with its physical address and the datagram can thus be sent to it.
The RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) is the converse of RARP
and is used in the case where the physical address is known but not the
IP address.  Normally ARP and RARP are not considered as part of the IP
prot ocol although they are used by it.

SLIP & PPP Two other protocols worth mentioning are extensions of the
IP protocol to provide inter-networking functionality to single
machines not formally part of a physical network. SLIP stands for
Serial Line IP and is used as a protocol to frame IP datagrams over
serial lines.  PPP stands for Point to Point Protocol and is also used
for serial lines.  These protocols add another layer to the four
conceptual layers of TCP/IP.  This layer, called the Intranet layer,
lies below the Network layer and is responsible for routing between the
Network interface layer and the hardware devices.

Conclusion To recapitulate, TCP/IP consists of four conceptual layers:
Network interface, Internet, Transport, and Application.  There may be
an additional layer called the Intranet layer, with SLIP or PPP.  The
Connectionless Packet Delivery Service that makes up the IP protocol is
the basis of all other protocols and services.  The IP protocol uses IP
addresses and datagrams to send information that may travel across
several networks to reach its final destination with the help of
routers.  Depending on the higher pr otocols used, the final
destination may apply a tremendous amount of processing to the data to
ensure accuracy and reliability.  In short, TCP/IP is the networking of
networks or Internetworking.  It began in the mid 1970s and is still
evolving.

The term technological leap applies when one attempts to summarize the
possibilities that the protocol affords to applications and other
protocols lying above it.  This is quite a leap from its humble
beginning.  TCP/IP is achieving fame and renown in the homes where SLIP
Navigator, which lets Notes manage Web documents without altering their
look or content.  The agent builder in release 4 will allow users to
automate tasks such as scanning targeted Web sites for new or modified
pages.  The agents then can send daily summaries to a user's e-mail.
Release 4.0 offers advanced Web browsing functions such as the ability
to forward a Web page while browsing.  Another browsing function lets a
user forward the co mplete route he used to get a particular Web site
to another user.  Notes release 4.0 can also limit access to the Web.
This ensures that employees use the Web only for productive purposes.

The latest release provides many enhancements for Notes end users.
Lotus has improved the user experience for key user activities
including finding information, viewing information and creating and
modifying information.  Other improvements from the clien t perspective
are enhanced mobile support as well as added functionality to the mail
system.  Lotus has also enhanced the development environment making
Notes applications easier to write.

The Notes release 4.0 server currently supports the OS/2 platform.
Lotus intends to ship client support for OS/2 within 90 days of the
server's January shipment date.


OS/2 Warp Server - A giant leap for LANkind=20
by Richard Hawes


OS/2 Warp Server will be more than just a bundling of existing
technologies.  Its enhancements and the integration itself will
modem sharing.  In addition, the server can synchronize passwords
through Network SignON Coordinator/2.  This will facilitate easy
password management for multiple host and LAN systems.

A new NetWare Gateway functions will further extend OS/2 Warp Server's
file and print services.  This function will establish a session with a
designated NetWare server and then in turn will share the resource with
OS/2 Warp Server users.  With this gatewa y connection, the users can
access NetWare resources using standard OS/2 Warp Server protocols.
This means the installed client software will not need to include
NetWare support.  This facility has been available in IBM's LAN Server
since the NetWare client has been available.  In OS/2 Warp Server, the
installation and configuration process will integrate it.  The same
gateway ability will allow clients to use any file or printer resource
that the OS/2 Warp Server can access such as NFS, AS/400, or Client=20
Access/400.

Other enhancements to the server facility will include an improved
tuning utility, better messaging, an improved graphical interface for
administrative tasks and a new facility to aid installation of clients
from across the network.  The server will support OS/2, DOS, Windows
3.x and Windows 95.

Remote Connection Services -- LAN connectivity wherever you are.

Remote workstations will have access to OS/2 Warp Server.
Consequently, the network through the server can connect to various
kinds of switched and non-switched links such as telephone connections
and ISDN.  It will be based on and fully compatible with the IBM LAN
Distance products, including the remote client provided in OS/2 Warp
Connect.  Support will include NetBIOS, TCP/IP, Lotus Notes and
cc:Mail, NetWare and DB2/2 Requesters -- in fact any application that
complies with the network driver interface specification (NDIS) or uses
an NDIS protocol will be supported.  The Remote Access Service
effectively will behave as a bridge into any LAN segment with which it
is connected.  It will connect to two remote LANs therefore acting as a
bridge between them.  This service will also act as a 'virtual LAN' by
linking two remote workstations.


System Management Services -- It's great to be in control.

Based around the very successful Netfinity system management utilities,
OS/2 Warp Server will provide a wide range of system management
services.  Some of the client monitoring and management functions will
be software and hardware discovery, license manag ement, and software
distribution based around Netview DM/2.  The remote workstation control
and resource monitoring features will be a real bonus to technical
support and help desk teams.


Backup and Restore Services -- Disaster?  What disaster? =20

Personally Safe and Sound has won awards for the drag-and-drop=20
approach to maintaining backups.  With incorporation in the=20
The ensuing example shows the difficulties encountered by a trio of
writers developing a white paper.  Two of the people worked at the
same location; the third worked 2000 miles away in a different time
zone.

To start the paper, each of the three team members developed several
sections.  Once they completed the first draft of the sections, the
first collaborative task was to put all them together in the right
order.  Since the team did not agree on the order, they saved two
versions in separate files.  They figured that their initial review
process would clarify which flow worked better.  This decision forced
them to review and edit both versions.

To avoid confusion or at least diminish it, they decided to use hard
copy for the review and edit process.  This way they would know who
made what comments to each version, by the handwriting.  Using hard
copy required them to fax between the two locations. Once the=20
team agreed to changes for each version, they added them to=20
the soft copy documents.  Finally after further discussions=20
and arguments, they cut and paste pieces of both versions together=20
into their first complete draft of the paper. They put this draft=20
into a third file just in case they changed their minds and
wanted to use something from either of their first two original
versions.

With that work (painfully) accomplished, they initiated a management
review process.  Some of the managers made changes to the soft copy and
others just wrote their comments on hard copy.  The final team task was
to incorporate everyone's additions, delet ions, suggestions, and
changes.  To do this, one member of the trio gathered the submitted
hard copy and printed hard copy of all the soft copy input.  Then, one
by one, he went through all the hard copies incorporating the changes.

Although tedious, this went fine until he realized that two reviewers
made different suggestions to change the same paragraph.  Faced with
this dilemma, he had to get the rest of the threesome together to
decide which suggestion to use.  Since this happene d at the end of the
day, his team members, located in the earlier time zone, had left.  The
next morning they finally finished the paper.  With the final draft
saved, printed and distributed, the group was able to throw out the
huge pile of paper that had accumulated and delete the multiple down
level files.


The Universal Hurdles and Benefits of Team Work This less-than-elegant
scenario is not unique to teams developing white papers.  The same
hurdles can occur doing any collaborative project.  They can crop up
when a team has to consolidate budget input from multiple departments
into one meaningful spreads heet or create a presentation with a
consistent look and feel from several presentations all with different
styles.  They occur whenever people need to integrate their unique
offerings into united, consistent output.  These problems are
universal.  They do not discriminate based on industry, company size or
team member personality types.

Fortunately, the benefits of teams working together are also universal.
Collaboration may be the soul of today's business world.  Understanding
this, Lotus analyzed how teams work so they could provide solutions
that allow companies to reap the benefits o f team work more easily.
From=20their analysis, they found a number of processes cumbersome and
complex, including:  Reviewing and editing Incorporating input and
feedback Reusing and consolidating prior work efforts.

Features that fix Processes Lotus' team computing features and
functions address these processes with the goal to improve team
productivity and efficiency while lessening common team frustrations.
SmartSuite's team computing technology:  Eliminates the work involved
in tracking versions, Organizes the review process, Simplifies the
consolidation process, Manages distribution of and access to the work,
Creates common starting points, and Facilitates integration.

=0C OS/2 Warp and LAN Server Customer Reference Form If you would like to
share your experiences with OS/2 Warp or LAN Server, please fill out
the following form and get it back to us.  We are especially interested
in entrepreneurs who use OS/2 Warp or LAN Server and people who use
these products in unusual circumstances.

- FAX:  407-982-8888 - INTERNET ID:  JDUBE @ VNET.IBM.COM - MAIL:  Jeri
Dube IBM Personal Software Products 1000 51st Street Boca Raton, Fl
33434

GENERAL INFORMATION:  Name:  =09 City:  =09 State/Province:  =09 Country:  =
=09
Fax:  =09 Email Address:  =09 Street/P.O.Box:  =09 City:  =09 State/Provinc=
e:
=09 ZIP/Postal Code:  =09

INDUSTRY:  ____Communications ____Cross Industry ____Distribution
____Education ____Finance ____Government ____Health ____Insurance
____Manufacturing ____Petroleum ____Process ____Transportation
____Travel ____Utilities

SIZE:  Annual Revenue US$:  ____< $5M ____$5 - 50M ____$51 - 100M
____$101 - 500M ____$501 - 999M ____$1 - 10B ____> $10B No.  of
Employees:  ____Small <100 ____Medium 100-500 ____Large > 500

No.  of Students if College/University:  ____<5000 ____5000 - 10000
____>10000

BACKGROUND:  (Briefly describe the business or situation where you used
the products.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_______________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

NEED:  (What problem/situation existed which caused you to seek a
solution using OS/2 Warp and/or LAN Server?)
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTION:  (Please provide a detailed description.
Describe any mission critical applications.  For a networking solution,
include a description of the network.)
________________________________________________________________________
____
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________=B3
_______________________________________
_________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

BENEFITS:  (Please describe business or personal benefits.)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________
________________________________________________________________________


OS/2 Warp MONTHLY NEWSLETTER
http://www.austin.ibm.com/pspinfo/newsletters.html Volume 9:  February,
1996

USER POWER WARP'D ETC.