Thread View: soc.history.science
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Started by Donald Phillipson
Sun, 27 Jul 1997 00:00
Re: The natue of science
Author: Donald Phillipson
Date: Sun, 27 Jul 1997 00:00
Date: Sun, 27 Jul 1997 00:00
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Kirby Urner (pdx4d@teleport.com posted July 25: >Helps to have been close to the space program, to have grasped the >large scale coordination culminating in various highly public events, >but also in a lot of more invisible experience with critical path >management -- a lot of which fed into the engineering schools (PERT >analysis, directed networks and the like). . . . > >. . . So I'm willing to dead end this thread. I've made my points, >you've made it your job to devalue them. I'm content to let >historians duke it out as to whether my contribution was useful and, >if so, in what dimensions. 1. Urner implies greater faith than most posters feel in the new hardware and "decision technology" associated with the space programme. Actual critical events (Apollo 13, Challenger disaster, recent accidents aboard Mir etc.) suggest real space systems have never yet been so automated as to be automatically failure proof and to require no original human intervention -- which weakens their strength as new models of anything. 2. The ideal process of debate focuses less on the substance disagreements than on the reasons each side offers why its data or interpretations ought to convince the other: but you cannot have these rival reasons without the disagreements first (which is the way scientific research makes much of its progress.) Arguing about smallish details is a distinct Kuhnian class of activity, between his extremes of "normal science," i.e. filling the blanks, and revolutionizing paradigms, which may be as bulky as "normal science." -- | Donald Phillipson, 4180 Boundary Road, Carlsbad Springs, | | Ontario, Canada, K0A 1K0, tel. 613 822 0734 |
Re: The natue of science
Author: Filip De Vos
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 1997 00:00
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 1997 00:00
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Donald Phillipson (ad201@FreeNet.Carleton.CA) wrote:
: Kirby Urner (pdx4d@teleport.com posted July 25:
: 1. Urner implies greater faith than most posters feel in the new hardware
: and "decision technology" associated with the space programme. Actual
: critical events (Apollo 13, Challenger disaster, recent accidents aboard
: Mir etc.) suggest real space systems have never yet been so automated as
I think Kirby was talking about the flight-control center and other
decision-support technologies, not actual hardware in orbit. Since the
cost of putting people up there was so high (unfortunately it still is),
methods had to be found for humans to make decisions here on the ground,
which requires that information about the spacecraft had to be brought
down to them, and somehow presented in a meaningful way to them. These
technologies are applicable to more pedestrian uses and certainly look
valuable to me.
: to be automatically failure proof and to require no original human
^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
One was not neccesary, the other was not the intention.
: intervention -- which weakens their strength as new models of anything.
Why?
--
Filip De Vos The idea that space travel is inherently
enormously expensive is fraudulent.
FilipPC.DeVos@rug.ac.be John S. Lewis
Re: The natue of science
Author: Kirby Urner
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 00:00
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 00:00
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ad201@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Donald Phillipson) wrote: >1. Urner implies greater faith than most posters feel in the new hardware >and "decision technology" associated with the space programme. Actual >critical events (Apollo 13, Challenger disaster, recent accidents aboard >Mir etc.) suggest real space systems have never yet been so automated as >to be automatically failure proof and to require no original human >intervention -- which weakens their strength as new models of anything. > I'm not talking about eliminating human intelligence from the executive decision-making role -- I'm not a big fan of the old AI paradigm (thinking we could somehow encode the 'rules' and shuff off responsibility for thinking onto HAL-type systems). I'm talking about setting goals, milestones, and storyboarding the several parallel tracks (convergent/divergent) required to achieve them. As a kid, I was impressed by Apollo for its scripted positions (mission control:"Lights?" astronaut: "Check") which links to 'program' (in the sense of theater) and to a 'main sequence or count down' (T-minus to lift off, then T-plus) -- all these tasks were synchronized relative to some 'main clock'. When you look at Spaceship Earth as 'already launched' but still in need of on board systems upgrading (in many cases to compensate for rampant downgrading executed by humans with only a dim sense of acting within a space program), then it becomes logical to think of one's life as a thread in a multi-threaded, highly intertwisting (convergent/divergent) critical path scenario, with a 'main clock' marking time as we move towards milestones. >2. The ideal process of debate focuses less on the substance >disagreements than on the reasons each side offers why its data or >interpretations ought to convince the other: but you cannot have these >rival reasons without the disagreements first (which is the way scientific >research makes much of its progress.) Arguing about smallish details is a >distinct Kuhnian class of activity, between his extremes of "normal >science," i.e. filling the blanks, and revolutionizing paradigms, which >may be as bulky as "normal science." > Sometimes the gulf between paradigms is such that "reaching agreement" is not a likelihood from the get go. Kuhn talks about this in his book: science, like other enterprises, depends on attrition to supply the necessary turnover, while on the front end of the pipeline, the focus is on recruitment of talented and skilled newcomers to the various competing disciplines. Like, welcome to the machine (Pink Floyd). Kirby ---------------------------------------------------- Kirby Urner "ALL realities are 'virtual'" -- KU Email: pdx4d@teleport.com Web: http://www.teleport.com/~pdx4d/
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