🚀 go-pugleaf

A few days ago, I posted a article with the same Subject.
Then I recieved some e-mails. One of them made a request to explain
my paper in terms of entropy. Definitely, it is a interesting 
subject to understand the relationship between the Maximum 
Respiration Principle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
I am going to make some comments on it.

First, some additional explanations may be needed on my
Maximum Respiration Principle (MRP). MRP does not hold
within each individual living things. Each living things,
as Hannon(1973) states, may maximizes its stored energy.
It means that in each living things the forces to minimize
entropy generation are working. On the other hand, MRP works
on the interrelations of living things, different populations,
different species. MRP states that the quantified relation between 
living things in ecosystems, referred to as ecosystem configurations, 
is controled by forces to maximize waste heat generated by all
of living things in the ecosystems. The succession of ecosystem 
finally reaches a climax where the configuration is established
with a stable configuration. MRP show how the configuration is
determined, and show reasons why the stable ecosystem consists of
a wide variety of species, and show how important roles decomposer
plays.

Therefore, MRP means that ecosystems can not escape from the Law of Entropy.
But it is not a negative phenomenon for ecosystems. The productivity
of waste heat in ecosystems is equivalent to the efficiency of energy 
use. Thus, the ecosystem with  the high productivity of waste heat
has abilities to recover from disasters or disturvances 
and to conquer the ecosystem with the comparatively low productivity 
of waste heat. It means that MRP is reinforced by the law of 
natural selection and that the stability of the cofiguration 
which is determined by MRP has evolutionally meanings.

**** Some of references *********************

Constanza,R. and Neill,C.,1984,
Energy Intensities, Interdependence, 
and Value in Ecological Systems: 
A linear Programming Approach.
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 106:41-57.
---
Hannon,B.,1973,
The Structure of Ecosystems.
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 41:535-546.
---
Hannon,B.,1976,
Marginal Product Pricing in the Ecosystem.
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 56:253-267.
---
Hannon,B.,1979,
Total Energy Costs in Ecosystems.
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 80:271-293.

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I have already written the paper. But since it now aims at distributing
among Japanese, it is written in Japanese. I will rewite it in
English. Then I will send it to someone who would like to read it.

I fixed up English of the summary of my paper which was posted last time.
Although it may be unnecessary, I copy it below again.

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Title: Ecosystem Configurations and the Maximum Respiration Principle

One of the serious reasons why our society is losing its sustainability
is in the inconsistency between the way mankind tries to organize components
of the biosphere and the way the internal forces of ecosystems organize
them. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to understand how ecosystems reach
their stable configurations of biological components and what their internal forces are.

B.Hannon, in 1976, posed 'The Energy Storage Maximizing
Hypothesis' (ESMH) as forces functioning in the macro ecosystems. ESMH,
however, contradicts the facts that the ratio of
production/respiration in each ecosystem approaches 1 as succession
occurs and that decomposers, whose activities aim at the minimization of
the energy storage, play important roles in ecosystems.

These facts mean,
conversely, that macro ecosystems tend to maximize the utilization of
total inflow of energy or to maximize the level of the total respiration.
This is referred to as 'The Maximum Respiration Principle' (MRP). MRT
means that ecosystems tend to attain the maximum efficiency of energy
utilization and to avoid the production of waste materials including
usable energy.

As for theoretical studies of how MRT works, we use the von Neumann type of
network model, which is the most flexible of the linear input-output
models.
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