🚀 go-pugleaf

Siobhan Michaels wrote:

> Hey. i'm 15 and studying for exams at the mo. i've been doing some practice
> questions and i got stuck on this one:
> In 1997 a bank's interest charges were 1.65% per month. The interest was
> charged compound. How much is the interest rate per year (the APR)?
> The answer in the book was 21.7% but i can't figure out how they got that,
> so could someone please explain.

Yes.  Do you know what compounded means?  Lets say you start with X dollars
owed at the beginning of the first month.  At the end of the first month, you
will have accumulated 1.65% interest on that amount.  You will still owe the X
dollars and now owe and additional 0.0165*X.  So, you owe 1.0165*X.  Now, since
the interest is compounded, the next month you will pay interest on the total
amount you owe, not just on the original amount owed.  i.e. The interest will
not just be 0.0165*X, but will be 0.0165*(1.0165*X).  So, at the end of the
second month you will owe 1.0165*1.0165*X.  In general, after each month you
will owe 1.0165 times what you owed at the months beginning.  So, after N
months you will owe (1.0165)^N times as much as at the beginning of the N
months.   In particular, at the end of 12 months, you will owe (1.0165)^12 =
1.2169944... times what you owed at the years beginning.  This is approximately
21.7% interest per year.

> Also, i can't grasp the topic of surds and could anyone help me with that??

I don't know what a surd is.

In article <370CE0C2.6CBA40D3@flash.net>, Matt McLelland
<mattpi@flash.net> writes
>Siobhan Michaels wrote:
...
>> Also, i can't grasp the topic of surds and could anyone help me with that??
>I don't know what a surd is.

A root as in square root, cube root etc. You must be more specific.

-- 
Jeremy Boden                    mailto:jeremy@jboden.demon.co.uk

Here is a solution from Australia for you.
Use the 'compound interest formula' of A = P*(1+r/100)^n,
where A is final Amount, P is the initial Principal, r is interest rate for the
time period, n is the number of time periods.
Here let P = 1 for convenience.

So A = 1* (1+0.0165/100)^12 = 1.21699.., or 1.21699..times the initial amount,
or 0.21699..more than the original amount.
That is 21.699..%, or 21.7% to 1 decimal place.
Glad to help
Sid.

Siobhan Michaels wrote:

> Hey. i'm 15 and studying for exams at the mo. i've been doing some practice
> questions and i got stuck on this one:
> In 1997 a bank's interest charges were 1.65% per month. The interest was
> charged compound. How much is the interest rate per year (the APR)?
> The answer in the book was 21.7% but i can't figure out how they got that,
> so could someone please explain.
> Also, i can't grasp the topic of surds and could anyone help me with that??
> Thanx
> --
> Siobhan
>         X
> ICQ:32493520

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Siobhan Michaels wrote:

>
> Also, i can't grasp the topic of surds and could anyone help me with that??
> Thanx
> --
> Siobhan
>         X
> ICQ:32493520

An abreviated explanation from Australia for you, Siobhan.

Let me start by defining a few terms.
A surd is a 'square root' number.  I don't know how to write a square root sign
in this program so let me pretend it is R.   R will stand for my square root
sign. 'Like' terms are terms that are similar, so R3 and 5*R3 are similar terms
because both have R3, but R2 and R3 are not similar so are called 'unlike'
terms.
Now R3 or R24 or R25 are have square root signs so are all surds. (R25 is
called a surd in this format even though it can be simplified to an integer of
5 - in the form of R25 it IS a surd)
One usually cannot add or subtract surds that are different (called unlike
terms), so R3 + R5 cannot be simplified. But one can multiply or divide unlike
terms - such as R3 * R5 = R(3*5) = R15,  or R24 / R2 = R(24/2) =R12.
Furthermore, one can simplfy some surds.  R25 = 5 obviously, so R75 =
R(25*3)=R25 * R3 = 5 * R3
Similarly, some unlike surds can be added/ subtracted after simplifying them,
for example R8 + R18.
This is because R8= R(4*2)=R4 * R2 =2 *  R2.
Similarly R18 = R(9*2) = R9 * R2 = 3 * R2.
So R8 + R18 = 2*R2 + 3*R2 = 5*R2  (or since 5 = R25, then 5*R2 could become R25
* R2 = R(25*2) = R50)
So you see that we could have 'simplified' R8 + R18 to be equal R50.
When a number is written entirely as a surd ( R2 or R50 or R16 etc.) it is
called an entire surd. If we had a term such as 3R2, we change it 3 = R9, then
can simplify 3R2 = R9 * R2 = R(9*2) = R18.

Hope this helps - it is very condensed.
Sid


>

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<html>
Siobhan Michaels wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>&nbsp;
<br>Also, i can't grasp the topic of surds and could anyone help me with
that??
<br>Thanx
<br>--
<br>Siobhan
<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; X
<br>ICQ:32493520</blockquote>

<p><br>An abreviated explanation from Australia for you, Siobhan.
<p>Let me start by defining a few terms.
<br>A surd is a 'square root' number.&nbsp; I don't know how to write a
square root sign in this program so let me pretend it is R.&nbsp;&nbsp;
R will stand for my square root sign. 'Like' terms are terms that are similar,
so R3 and 5*R3 are similar terms because both have R3, but R2 and R3 are
not similar so are called 'unlike' terms.
<br>Now R3 or R24 or R25 are have square root signs so are all surds. (R25
is called a surd in this format even though it can be simplified to an
integer of 5 - in the form of R25 it IS a surd)
<br>One usually cannot add or subtract surds that are different (called
unlike terms), so R3 + R5 cannot be simplified. But one can <u>multiply</u>
or <u>divide</u> unlike terms - such as R3 * R5 = R(3*5) = R15,&nbsp; or
R24 / R2 = R(24/2) =R12.
<br>Furthermore, one can simplfy <u>some</u> surds.&nbsp; R25 = 5 obviously,
so R75 = R(25*3)=R25 * R3 = 5 * R3
<br>Similarly, some unlike surds <u>can</u> be added/ subtracted after
simplifying them, for example R8 + R18.
<br>This is because R8= R(4*2)=R4 * R2 =2 *&nbsp; R2.
<br>Similarly R18 = R(9*2) = R9 * R2 = 3 * R2.
<br>So R8 + R18 = 2*R2 + 3*R2 = 5*R2&nbsp; (or since 5 = R25, then 5*R2
could become R25 * R2 = R(25*2) = R50)
<br>So you see that we could have 'simplified' R8 + R18 to be equal R50.
<br>When a number is written entirely as a surd ( R2 or R50 or R16 etc.)
it is called an <u>entire surd</u>. If we had a term such as 3R2, we change
it 3 = R9, then can simplify 3R2 = R9 * R2 = R(9*2) = R18.
<p>Hope this helps - it is very condensed.
<br>Sid
<br>&nbsp;
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>&nbsp;</blockquote>
</html>

--------------14E42F62131FBACC5BAF2BBF--

I'll never forget the time that Jeremy Boden <jeremy@jboden.demon.co.uk>
said:

>In article <370CE0C2.6CBA40D3@flash.net>, Matt McLelland
><mattpi@flash.net> writes
>>Siobhan Michaels wrote:
>...
>>> Also, i can't grasp the topic of surds and could anyone help me with that??
>>I don't know what a surd is.
>
>A root as in square root, cube root etc. You must be more specific.

Even though that is what it means, the only context in which I've ever
heard it used in conversation was specifically finding the square root of
irrational binomial numbers like 22 + 12u, where u is the square root of 2
or complex numbers.  As someone pointed out, there is always a solution
(if the two numbers are rational) and you can find it by assuming that the
number is of the form A+Bu where A and B are rational numbers, squaring
that figure, and then creating a system of equations by equating the
rational parts and the parts that are the rational multiple of u.

-Matthew
---
Matthew Daly  mwdaly@pobox.com  http://www.frontiernet.net/~mwdaly/

Though he is a person to whom things do not happen, perhaps they 
may when he is on the other side.  - E. Gorey

On Thu, 8 Apr 1999 16:32:10 +0100, "Siobhan Michaels"
<micfam@globalnet.co.uk> wrote:

>Hey. i'm 15 and studying for exams at the mo. i've been doing some practice
>questions and i got stuck on this one:
>In 1997 a bank's interest charges were 1.65% per month. The interest was
>charged compound. How much is the interest rate per year (the APR)?
>The answer in the book was 21.7% but i can't figure out how they got that,
>so could someone please explain.
>Also, i can't grasp the topic of surds and could anyone help me with that??
>Thanx

I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.

Charles Riggs

Charles Riggs wrote:

> I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
> from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
> don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
> matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.

As you may have noticed, he got quite a few nice responses.  Captalizing his I's
might get him a nice response from *you*, but I don't think anyone else cares.
=)

In alt.math.recreational Matt McLelland <mattpi@flash.net> wrote:
: Charles Riggs wrote:

: > I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
: > from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
: > don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
: > matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.

: As you may have noticed, he got quite a few nice responses.  Captalizing his I's
: might get him a nice response from *you*, but I don't think anyone else cares.
: =)


I believe that should be "she", not "he".  "Siobhan" is a lovely Irish
name (pronounced "sheh-von'").  I agree with you on the capitilization
matter.

Cheers,

-- 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Greg Neill,   
HNSX Supercomputers Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

In article <370DFF48.7BA8D2A0@flash.net>, Matt McLelland
<mattpi@flash.net> writes
>Charles Riggs wrote:
>
>> I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
>> from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
>> don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
>> matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.
>
>As you may have noticed, he got quite a few nice responses.  Captalizing his I's
>might get him a nice response from *you*, but I don't think anyone else cares.
>=)
>
A little politeness never hurt anyone.
People who address me as "Hey" and use constructions like "thanx" make
me cringe!
 
-- 
Jeremy Boden                    mailto:jeremy@jboden.demon.co.uk

On Fri, 09 Apr 1999 13:19:27 GMT, Matt McLelland <mattpi@flash.net>
wrote:

>Charles Riggs wrote:
>
>> I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
>> from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
>> don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
>> matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.
>
>As you may have noticed, he got quite a few nice responses.  Captalizing his I's
>might get him a nice response from *you*, but I don't think anyone else cares.
>=)

I have to disagree, strongly. I know many people who very much care
about how the English language is written. Not capitalizing I's is
cute perhaps but it's a corruption of the language - the finest
language on the face of the earth; well, at least it has the largest
vocabulary.

Charles Riggs

On Fri, 09 Apr 1999 16:53:28 GMT, Greg Neill
<ynecgan@atlas.cmc.ec.gc.ca> wrote:


>
>I believe that should be "she", not "he".  "Siobhan" is a lovely Irish
>name (pronounced "sheh-von'").  I agree with you on the capitilization
>matter.

You're right about the name but if you're an Irishman you should be
especially sensitive to the language of James Joyce, Kavanagh, and so
many others and not want to see it corrupted. (Corrupted is perhaps a
little strong, but you get my drift.)

Charles Riggs

On Fri, 9 Apr 1999 19:04:38 +0100, Jeremy Boden
<jeremy@jboden.demon.co.uk> wrote:

>In article <370DFF48.7BA8D2A0@flash.net>, Matt McLelland
><mattpi@flash.net> writes
>>Charles Riggs wrote:
>>
>>> I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
>>> from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
>>> don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
>>> matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.
>>
>>As you may have noticed, he got quite a few nice responses.  Captalizing his I's
>>might get him a nice response from *you*, but I don't think anyone else cares.
>>=)
>>
>A little politeness never hurt anyone.
>People who address me as "Hey" and use constructions like "thanx" make
>me cringe!
 
Thank you, Jeremy. Me too.

Charles Riggs

>>> I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
>>> from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
>>> don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
>>> matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.

If your font is Arial I (capital i) and l (lower case L) are
indistinguishable.  Using "i" does avoid that problem (but changing default
font would be better).

Any thoughts on using L for litres where 50l (for "50 litres") can be
misinterpreted?

Mark

[This followup was also e-mailed to the cited author.]

In this next-to-last year of the millennium, mark@mrdawes.freeserve.co.uk 
(Mark Dawes) wrote in alt.algebra.help:

>Any thoughts on using L for litres where 50l (for "50 litres") can be
>misinterpreted?

I do volunteer work in a pharmacy. Liters (or litres) are abbreviated L 
for that very reason.

According to my copy of the ISO standard, /Units of Measurement/, l and L 
are "on an equal footing" which means that either is considered correct, 
so you're free to write L if you wish.

-- 
Stan Brown, Oak Road Systems, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
                                    http://www.mindspring.com/~brahms/
My reply address is correct as is. The courtesy of providing a correct
reply address is more important to me than time spent deleting spam.

Siobhan Michaels <micfam@globalnet.co.uk> wrote in article
<7eilld$ng8$1@newnews.global.net.uk>...
> Also, i can't grasp the topic of surds and could anyone help me with
that??

A surd is an irrational number written in a precise form e.g.

sqr(2) instead 1.41421 ...
25 * pi instead of 78.53982 ...

etc. Surds are more precise and are more aesthetically pleasing. One
situation where you might come across surds is when using the quadratic
equation formula e.g.

x^2 + x - 1 = 0
a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
x = (-b +or- sqr(b^2 - 4ac)) / 2a
x = (-1 +or- sqr(1 + 4)) / 2

Roots in surd form:
x = (-1 + sqr(5)) / 2 and x = (-1 - sqr(5)) / 2

Of course it looks much better on paper.

-- 
From Phil

Weird Stuff
http://www.lichp.freeserve.co.uk/weird/stuff.html

Charles Riggs wrote:
> 
> On Fri, 09 Apr 1999 13:19:27 GMT, Matt McLelland <mattpi@flash.net>
> wrote:
> 
> >Charles Riggs wrote:
> >
> >> I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
> >> from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
> >> don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
> >> matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.
> >
> >As you may have noticed, he got quite a few nice responses.  Captalizing his I's
> >might get him a nice response from *you*, but I don't think anyone else cares.
> >=)
> 
> I have to disagree, strongly. I know many people who very much care
> about how the English language is written. Not capitalizing I's is
> cute perhaps but it's a corruption of the language - the finest
> language on the face of the earth; well, at least it has the largest
> vocabulary.
> 
> Charles Riggs

But not the largest dictionary 8-)

Remco

On 10 Apr 1999 18:52:04 GMT, "Philip Stewart" <phil_stewart@yahoo.com>
wrote:


>A surd is an irrational number written in a precise form e.g.
>
>sqr(2) instead 1.41421 ...
>25 * pi instead of 78.53982 ...

Unless I'm mistaken, Pi is irrational, but not a "surd."  A surd
involves an irrational root, I believe.

John.

On Sat, 10 Apr 1999 15:55:28 +0100, "Mark Dawes"
<mark@mrdawes.freeserve.co.uk> wrote:

>>>> I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
>>>> from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
>>>> don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
>>>> matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.
>
>If your font is Arial I (capital i) and l (lower case L) are
>indistinguishable.  Using "i" does avoid that problem (but changing default
>font would be better).

Yes, I think I would change fonts!

>Any thoughts on using L for litres where 50l (for "50 litres") can be
>misinterpreted?

Writing 50l, which looks nearly identical to 501, could indeed be
confusing. I think I'd just spell the word out.

I see from the Concise Oxford Dictionary that L already has a number
of meanings, so it might not be the best choice:

L, meaning one
1 the twelfth letter of the alphabet.
2 (as a Roman numeral) 50.
3 a thing shaped like an L, esp. a joint connecting two pipes at right
angles.
L, meaning two
1 Lake.
2 Brit. learner driver (cf. L-plate).
3 Liberal.
4 Biol. Linnaeus.
5 lire.
6 left.
L, meaning three
1 laevorotatory.
2 Avogadro's constant.

I wonder what Avogadro's constant is - same as Avogadro's number?

Charles Riggs

On Sat, 10 Apr 1999 11:38:43 -0400, brahms@mindspring.com (Stan Brown)
wrote:

>[This followup was also e-mailed to the cited author.]
>
>In this next-to-last year of the millennium, mark@mrdawes.freeserve.co.uk 
>(Mark Dawes) wrote in alt.algebra.help:
>
>>Any thoughts on using L for litres where 50l (for "50 litres") can be
>>misinterpreted?
>
>I do volunteer work in a pharmacy. Liters (or litres) are abbreviated L 
>for that very reason.
>
>According to my copy of the ISO standard, /Units of Measurement/, l and L 
>are "on an equal footing" which means that either is considered correct, 
>so you're free to write L if you wish.

There we have it then.

Charles Riggs

On Sat, 10 Apr 1999 12:12:56 +0200, Remco de Korte
<remcodek@xs4all.nl> wrote:

>Charles Riggs wrote:

>> I have to disagree, strongly. I know many people who very much care
>> about how the English language is written. Not capitalizing I's is
>> cute perhaps but it's a corruption of the language - the finest
>> language on the face of the earth; well, at least it has the largest
>> vocabulary.
>> 
>> Charles Riggs
>
>But not the largest dictionary 8-)

If there's a larger dictionary than the Oxford English Dictionary
(huge!) I'm not aware of it. A German equivalent, for example, would
only need to be about one-third its size.

Charles Riggs

mathead@st.james.net wrote in article
<370ffef9.3056166@news.glen-net.ca>...
> Unless I'm mistaken, Pi is irrational, but not a "surd."  A surd
> involves an irrational root, I believe.

I stand corrected :-)

-- 
From Phil

Weird Stuff
http://www.lichp.freeserve.co.uk/weird/stuff.html

In this next-to-last year of the millennium, riggs@tinet.ie (Charles 
Riggs) wrote in alt.algebra.help:
>Writing 50l, which looks nearly identical to 501, could indeed be
>confusing. I think I'd just spell the word out.

Perhaps it is for that reason that the ISO mandates a space between the 
number and the abbreviation for the unit. Fifty meters (or metres) is "50 
m" and not "50m"; fifty liters/litres are "50 L" or "50 l" not not "50L" 
or "50l".

-- 
Stan Brown, Oak Road Systems, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
                                    http://www.mindspring.com/~brahms/
My reply address is correct as is. The courtesy of providing a correct
reply address is more important to me than time spent deleting spam.

In this next-to-last year of the millennium, brahms@mindspring.com (Stan 
Brown) wrote in alt.algebra.help:
>fifty liters/litres are "50 L" or "50 l" not not "50L" or "50l"
                                          ^^^^^^^
Oops!

-- 
Stan Brown, Oak Road Systems, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
                                    http://www.mindspring.com/~brahms/
My reply address is correct as is. The courtesy of providing a correct
reply address is more important to me than time spent deleting spam.

Mark Dawes wrote in message <7enoof$4nj$1@news7.svr.pol.co.uk>...
>>>> I have two recommendations for you if you wish to get nice responses
>>>> from Usenet groups: Capitalize your I's for ease of understanding and
>>>> don't begin a message asking for help, or anything else for that
>>>> matter, with "Hey" - it's not polite.
>
>If your font is Arial I (capital i) and l (lower case L) are
>indistinguishable.  Using "i" does avoid that problem (but changing default
>font would be better).
>
>Any thoughts on using L for litres where 50l (for "50 litres") can be
>misinterpreted?


How someone could misinterpret the "I" in "I need help with surds" or "I'm
15" to mean "litres" is beyond me. Nevertheless, using a lowercase "i" would
certainly help avoiding such confusions.

> You're right about the name but if you're an Irishman you should be
> especially sensitive to the language of James Joyce, Kavanagh, and so
> many others and not want to see it corrupted. (Corrupted is perhaps a
> little strong, but you get my drift.)
> 
> Charles Riggs

Siobhan probably is not an Irishman - rather an Irishwoman. If you accept
the work of James Joyce, you should also accept the work of e e cummings,
which would make the whole question of capitalization of I less clear.

Regarding the use of 'hey' as a greeting, see Little Women by Louisa May
Alcott (19th century), in which the highly respectable Mr. Laurence uses
it as a greeting regularly.

Finally, if we did not allow our language to alter, English would still be
at the stage it was at when Shakespeare was alive, with 'Fie's and
'verily's and the sort.

If you don't like the changes being made to the english language, I'm
afraid you'll probably have to grin and bare it.

Thanx, TTFN

Luke

PS - On a math subject, in a previous claim, someone claimed that
A+Bsqrt(2) always had a square root of the same form for rational A,B.
This is not true: try A=0,B=1.

Luke Pebody wrote:

> And, let the pun-ishment fit the crime!

> If you don't like the changes being made to the english language, I'm
> afraid you'll probably have to grin and bare it.
>
> Thanx, TTFN
>
> Luke
>
>

Charles Riggs wrote in message <3723563d.262426352@news1.tinet.ie>...
>>I wonder what Avogadro's constant is - same as Avogadro's number?
>
>Charles Riggs

I can't help with Avogadro's constant but his number is 01070 458901 and
don't worry if he's out: the answerphone is constantly on.
Rob Smith  :)