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                 * C h i n a   N e w s   D i g e s t *

                             (News General)

                       -- Feb. 12 (I), 1990


Table of Contents
                                                                     # of Lines
News Brief  ............................................................ 30
1. China CPC's Meeting to  React USSR's Reform ......................... 92
2. China Government's New Policy about Studying Abroad  ................ 54
3. Wuer Kai Xi at U Toronto ............................................ 27

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(1)
Source: (AP) News
From: chenh@ucs.indiana.edu
---------------------------
     WASHINGTON, Feb. 8 Kyodo - A World Bank affiliate said it is
resuming  economic  aid to China, eight months after the military
crackdown  on  the  pro-democracy movement in Tiananmen Square in
Beijing.

     The   International  Development  Association  said  it  has
approved  a credit of 23.4 million special drawing rights to help
China  rebuild  earthquake-ravaged areas in Shanxi and Hebei pro-
vinces. ...

(2)
Source: (AP) News
From: (Yagui Wei) yawei@ucs.indiana.edu
---------------------------------------
The  world's  best-known  political prisoner, the symbol of South
Africa's   unyielding   black  resistance  to  apartheid,  Nelson
Mandela, will be freed Sunday after more than 27 years in prison,
President F.W. de Klerk announced Saturday. ...

It   came   after  years  of  international  pressure,  including
economic, diplomatic and cultural sanctions, which have virtually
isolated Pretoria's white- dominated government from the interna-
tional community. ...

World  leaders  welcomed  South Africa's announcement Saturday of
Nelson Mandela's impending release from prison.

(3)
Source: TIRANA, Albania (AP) February 08, 1990
BY: HUUHTANEN, MATTI;  Associated Press Writer
From: "Jian Ding"        <IZZYQ00@OAC.UCLA.EDU>
-----------------------------------------------
  A   leading   government  official  said  Thursday that Albania
will  remain unaffected by democratic reforms sweeping the Soviet
bloc, but welcomes the superpowers' reduced role in Europe.

    The  leader   repeated Albanian rejections of the reform pro-
cess  gripping  much  of  Eastern  Europe,  saying  "the  turmoil
...  has been due to misguided socialism, bureaucracy and corrup-
tion."

    "We do not have that here," he said. ....

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1. China CPC's Meeting to React USSR's Reform 
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BY: SCHWEISBERG, DAVID R.
Source: BEIJING (UPI)   February 08, 1990
From: "Jian Ding" <IZZYQ00@OAC.UCLA.EDU>

  Chinese   leaders,  troubled  by the latest stunning reforms in
the  Soviet  Union,   are   expected  to  call  a  meeting of the
Communist    Party's   ruling   Politburo    soon    to    devise
a     policy    response,  foreign  diplomats  said Thursday.

   The  official  Chinese  reaction  remained  low  key,  with  a
Foreign Ministry spokesman refusing to comment on the Soviet Com-
munist  Party's  dramatic move this week to abandon its constitu-
tional monopoly on power.

    But  in an editorial apparently in response, the Chinese Com-
munist Party newspaper  People's Daily warned Thursday that China
would  collapse  without  the  party's  leadership,  saying "only
socialism can save China."

    Diplomatic analysts said the editorial was aimed at dampening
any  spark  for   renewed  political  unrest  in  China.  Chinese
leaders   have  taken  a conservative  and  increasingly isolated
political stance since last June's crackdown on the pro-democracy
movement.

    Despite  the  recent  upheavals in Eastern Europe, which have
concerned  Chinese  leaders,  the  analysts  said  China has been
watching  the Soviet Union more  closely  because the Soviet com-
munist revolution, like that of China, was home-grown.

    "This  latest  has  made  them really afraid," said a veteran
East-bloc diplomat.  "They  are  worried  that  what has happened
in the Soviet Union could cause a new challenge for them here."

    The  state-run  press  has  carried virtually nothing on this
week's  events  in   Moscow  but  Chinese  are  learning  of them
from  an  internal newspaper distributed  widely to party members
and from such foreign radio broadcasts as the Voice of America.

    Several  diplomats said there were signs the ruling Politburo
would  call  a   meeting   in     a  few    days  to map a policy
response.  The  leadership  held  similar  meetings after earlier
upheavals in Eastern Europe.
    "They  are going to have to find a way to defend themselves,"
a Western diplomat said.

    Chinese   leaders  have  been  sharply critical in private of
Soviet  leader  Mikhail   Gorbachev  for unleashing the political
changes,  but have publicly maintained  the pragmatic improvement
in  relations  that has continued since the two countries normal-
ized ties last year.

    In   line  with  that, a Soviet government delegation arrived
Thursday  for  talks  on   confidence-building  measures  on  the
border,   including  the  reduction  of military forces in border
areas, East-bloc diplomats said.


    The   People's   Daily  editorial  was ostensibly directed at
the  release this  week of a Chinese party document issued inter-
nally  last December that lauded  China's  "democratic  parties,"
small  political  groups  that are virtually powerless.

    But   the   editorial's  shoring  up of the Communist Party's
importance  to  China,     with   reminders   of  the  chaos  the
country  faced  before  the  1949  revolution,  appeared aimed at
domestic reaction.

    "In   China,  without  the  strong  leadership of the Commun-
ist  Party of China, new turmoil and wars would surely arise, the
nation  would be split, and the people, not to mention state con-
struction, would suffer again," the People's Daily said.

    The   editorial sharply criticized the "elite" meaning intel-
lectuals  and  students  who  it  said  "stirred  up  the turmoil
and  counterrevolutionary  rebellion   in   1989,"  the  official
labels  for last year's pro-democracy movement.

    It   charged  the democracy activists were "bent on depriving
the Chinese Communist  Party of the leading role ... and advocat-
ing  the  introduction  of  a    multi-party  system  similar  to
parliamentary  democracy in  Western countries.

    "The   motive  has been the dream of establishing a bourgeois
republic in China," it added.

    Since  the  crushing  of  the  democracy  movement last June,
Chinese  leaders  have   fought   to  restore the party's sharply
diminished  prestige, but have faced  many  of  the  same  criti-
cisms  that  the Soviet party has, including nepotism and corrup-
tion at the top.

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2. China Government's New Policy about Studying Abroad
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From: "Jian Ding" <IZZYQ00@OAC.UCLA.EDU>
Source: HONG KONG (AP)   February 08, 1990

  Chinese  seeking  to  study  overseas at their own expense will
have to first work  for  several  years  in  China or pay a large
fee to the goernment, a pro-Beijing newspaper reported today.

   The  new   restrictions  come from the State Education Commis-
sion  and take effect     Saturday,  the Chinese-language Ta Kung
Pao said in an article from Beijing that quoted unnamed sources.

    Under   the order, university and college graduates will have
to "serve" China  for  three  to  five years before being allowed
to study overseas at their own expense, the report said.

    It did not say precisely what type of work was expected.

    In   addition,  Chinese  still  in  school will be allowed to
apply  to  study overseas  only after repaying the government for
public money already spent on their education.

    Fees   will  range from 1,500 yuan ($318) per school year for
students   at   professional   training colleges  to  6,000  yuan
($1,271) per school year for Chinese studying for a doctorate.

    The average annual urban wage in China is about $255.

    The newspaper said the money would be returned to students if
they come back to China within eight years of going abroad.

    In explaining the reason for the new regulations, the article
said  only  that   they were drafted in the spirit of discussions
held by the six-member Politburo Standing Committee of the ruling
Communist Party.

    Fear   of   students  not  returning home, particularly after
the  brutal  crackdown   on   the   pro-democracy  movement  last
year,   is  one  reason for China's more stringent rules on study
overseas.

    The  government  also is concerned that too many students are
returning   home   with   "anti-socialist"   ideas   that   could
undermine  the  Communist revolution.

    Sources   in   the  education bureaucracy in Beijing had ear-
lier  told The Associated  Press  of regulations being circulated
internally to bar anyone under  30 years of age or with less than
five years of work experience from obtaining official sponsorship
to study overseas.

    Other   measures  have made it more difficult for students to
take tests for study abroad and to obtain passports without offi-
cial sponsorship.

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3. Wuer Kai Xi at U Toronto 
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Source: NEWS UTC 
From: ND special correspondent in Toronto

       Wuer  Kai  Xi,  the  famous  former student leader at Tian
Anmen  Square,  visited  Univ.  of Toronto on Feb.9 and collapsed
during his lecture. His health was concerned by the people here.

       The scheduled public lecture was at 7:30pm in the convoca-
tion Hall of the UT. The host of the lecture, Miss Melissa Young,
the  external  commisioner of SAC (student's administrative coun-
cil, UT), announced that Wuer collapsed in that afternoon and was
unable to attend the lecture at that moment.

       At about 8:20pm, Wuer managed to show up and gave a speech
to about 1,000 UT students there. His breath was heavy and looked
very  weak during the lecture. But his lecture was successful and
full  of  humor. Wuer condemned the political system in China and
talked about his own role in this democratic movement.

       After  his  speech,  Wuer began to answer audience's ques-
tions.  Only  after  two questions answered, he fainted again and
was sent to hospital escorted by UT police, the organizer and his
friends.  His  health caused many students' concern and so far we
do not know what happened later. Many audience were moved to tear
and all stood up to send him away.

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Mon Feb 12 00:17:27 EST 1990