🚀 go-pugleaf

Greig Ebeling wrote in message <3940d93f.51465324@news.bigpond.com>...
>On Thu, 8 Jun 2000 22:15:21 -0400, "Tim O'Flaherty"
><pinwheels@attcanada.net> wrote:

>
>Bulk energy storage is indeed a problem, since the market has been
>begging for a solution for decades, with no real advances being made
>on lead-acid batteries.  Fuel cells and vanadium redox batteries offer
>a solution for transport issues, but do not offer the grand solution
>required to improve the viability of renewable energy.


Redox can power anything from a golf cart to a city.  There are several
versions of redox, vanadium is but one.


The following report is available at NASA's CASI Tech report server found
at:
http://www.sti.nasa.gov/RECONselect.html

TITLE: Rechargeable alkaline zinc/ferricyanide hybrid redox battery
Document ID: 19820028240 A (82A11775) File Series: Open Literature

Abstract:
"It is noted that the zinc/ferricyanide battery system is intended for
utility load leveling and solar photovoltaic/wind applications, offering
such advantages as high cell voltage, near-ambient temperature operation,
flowing alkaline electrolyte, low-cost reactant storage, low toxicity,
potentially long cycle life, and low projected capital costs. The system is
found to demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance. At 40 C a mean
energy efficiency of 84% is obtained after 950 4-hour cycles"

Please note, "utility load leveling and solar photovoltaic/wind
applications"

In Japan,

http://www.sei.co.jp/sn/97_07.html
"Sumitomo Electric has been working to increase battery compactness, economy
and long term reliability. The company has now designed field testing
equipment for the basic unit of 500 kW class redox flow battery (provides
enough electricity for 250 households) and installed it in Kansai Electric
Power Company's Tatsumi substation in Osaka. "

and,

http://www.pinnaclevrb.com.au/second.html
"SEI has maintained a strong interest in VRB technology since before 1997
when, together with Kansai Electric Power Corporation, Japan's second
largest power utility, it developed and tested the largest commercial scale
VRB unit built to date. This is a 500KW unit which has been successfully
tested since 1997 as a grid connected, load-levelling unit at a sub-station
in Japan."

Once again, please note, "a grid connected, load-levelling unit ".  That's a
bit more than "transport issues".  Just as 20 to 50% is a bit more than  "a
few percent".

--
Windpower, over 13500 mw sold.

Assuming a 20% Capacity factor,
that's over 28,955 1980 F-100 equivalents !!

Regards , Tim O'Flaherty