🚀 go-pugleaf

[Last changed: 4/02/90]

This article contains the answers to some Frequently Asked Questions often seen
in comp.windows.x. It is posted to help reduce volume in this newsgroup and to
provide hard-to-find information of general interest.

This article includes answers to these questions (they are in no particular 
order yet):

0) Where can I obtain X source?
1) Where can I obtain X11R4?
2) Where can I obtain Motif?
3) Where can I obtain software implementing Open Look?
4) Where can I obtain other X sources?
5) What is the xstuff mail-archive?
6) Where can I obtain patches to X11R4?
7) Where can I find books and articles on X that are good for beginners?
8) What courses on X are available?
9) Is there a skeleton X program available?
10) What are these common abbreviations?
11) What is XUG?
12) What is the X Consortium and how do I join?
13) What conferences on X are coming up?
14) What is the current state of the world in X terminals?
15) How can I get an X server on a PC?
16) How can I get an X server on a Macintosh running MacOS?
17) Where can I obtain an X-based editor or word-processor?
18) Where can I obtain an X-based paint/draw program?
19) Where can I obtain an X-based spreadsheet?
20) Where can I get a PostScript previewer for X?
21) Where can I get a troff previewer for X?
22) How do I convert Mac/TIFF/GIF/Sun/PICT/Face/img/FAX/etc images to X?
23) How do I use an alternate window manager with DEC's session manager?
24) How do I build X with gcc?
25) What are these funny problems compiling X11R3 on the Sun4?
26) What are these funny problems installing X11R4 on the Sun running SunOS 4?
27) Where can I get a fast X server for a workstation?
28) How can I change the titlebar of my xterm window?
29) Why doesn't anything appear when I run this simple program?
30) What is the difference between a Screen and a screen?
31) Why do I get a BadDrawable error drawing to XtWindow(widget)?
32) Can I get a window's background pixel/pixmap using XGetWindowAttributes?
33) Why does the pixmap I copy to the screen show up as garbage? 
34) Why doesn't my program get the keystrokes I select for?
35) Why does the R3 xterm, et al, fail against the R4 server?
36) Where can I obtain alternate language bindings to Xlib?

If you have suggestions or corrections for any of these answers or any 
additional information, please send them directly to xug@expo.lcs.mit.edu;
the information will be included in the next revision (or possibly the one 
after that; thanks for the many suggestions which haven't been incorporated 
yet).  The answers in this iteration are acknowledged to be partial and to 
lean more towards products than to programming.

This posting is intended to be distributed at approximately the beginning of 
each month.

The information contained herein has been gathered from a variety of sources. In
many cases attribution has been lost; if you would like to claim responsibility
for a particular item, please let us know. 

Conventions used below: telephone numbers are Bell-system unless otherwise 
noted; prices on items are generally not included.

--------------------------------------------------
0) Where can I obtain X source?

	Intelligent Software Products, Inc., (516-766-2867) ships X11R3
[formats are unknown]. 

	Integrated Computer Solutions, Inc., (617-547-0510) ships X11R3 on 
half-inch and quarter-inch formats. 

	The Free Software Foundation (617-876-3296) sells X11R3 on half-inch 
tapes and on QIC-24 cartridges.  

	Automata Design Associates (215-646-4894) sells X11R3 source on 5.25" 
high-density floppies and QIC-24 quarter-inch cartridge tapes. 

	European sites can obtain a free distribution from an unnamed Good 
Samaritan who may be reached at chx400!pan!jw or cernvax!pan!jw. [1/90]

	IXI Limited (+44 223 462 131) is selling X11R3 source on quarter-inch 
cartridge formats and on 5.25" and 3.5" floppy, with other formats available on
request. [IXI, 2/90]

[Note that some distributions are media-only and do not include docs.]
[The MIT Software Center no longer distributes X11R3.]
	(See below for FTP sites.)

1) Where can I obtain X11R4?

	The MIT Software Center is shipping X11R4 on four 1600bpi half-inch 
tapes. Call the X Hotline at (617) 258-8330 for prerecorded ordering 
information and a good product description.

	Integrated Computer Solutions, Inc., ships X11R4 on half-inch, 
quarter-inch, and TK50 formats. Call 617-547-0510 for ordering information.

	The Free Software Foundation (617-876-3296) sells X11R4 on half-inch 
tapes and on QIC-24 cartridges.  

	Yaser Doleh (doleh@math-cs.kent.EDU; P.O. Box 1301, Kent, OH 44240) is
making X11R4 available on HP format tapes, 16 track, and Sun cartridges. [2/90]

	European sites can obtain a free X11R4 distribution from an unnamed 
Good Samaritan who may be reached at chx400!pan!jw or cernvax!pan!jw. [1/90]

	IXI Limited (+44 223 462 131) is selling X11R4 source on quarter-inch 
cartridge formats and on 5.25" and 3.5" floppy, with other formats available on
request. [IXI, 2/90]

	Virtual Technologies (703-430-9247) provides the entire X11R4 
compressed source release on a single QIC-24 quarter-inch cartridge and also on
1.2meg or 1.44 meg floppies upon request. [Conor Cahill (cpcahil@virtech.uu.net)
2/90]

[Note that some distributions are media-only and do not include docs.]

	Canadian sites can send email to xhacks@csri.toronto.edu to arrange for
the exchange of tapes; the offer is subject to "time availability".
[information from Mark Moraes (moraes@csri.toronto.edu), 2/90]

	UK sites can obtain R4 through the UKUUG Software Distribution Service,
from the Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, in several tape 
formats.  You may also obtain the source via Janet (and therefore PSS) using 
Niftp (Host: uk.ac.ic.doc.src Name: guest Password: your_email_address). 
Queries should be directed to Lee McLoughlin, 01-589-5111#5037, or to 
ukuug-soft@uk.ac.ic.doc.

	X11R4 is ftp-able from expo.lcs.mit.edu; these sites are preferable, 
though, and are more direct:

                        Machine                  Internet      FTP
    Location            Name                     Address       Directory
    --------            -------                  --------      -------------
(1) West USA            gatekeeper.dec.com       16.1.0.2      pub/X11/R4
    Central USA         mordred.cs.purdue.edu    128.10.2.2    pub/X11/R4
(2) Central USA         giza.cis.ohio-state.edu  128.146.8.61  pub/X.V11R4
    Southeast USA       uunet.uu.net             192.48.96.2   X/R4
(3) Northeast USA       crl.dec.com              192.58.206.2  pub/X11/R4
(4) UK Janet            src.doc.ic.ac.uk         129.31.81.36  X.V11R4
    UK niftp            uk.ac.ic.doc.src                       <XV11R4>
(5) Australia           munnari.oz.au            128.250.1.21  X.V11/R4

The giza.cis.ohio-state.edu site, in particular, is known to have much of the
contrib stuff that can be found on expo. In addition, the same stuff is also 
available via anonymous UUCP from osu-cis, at TB+ and V.32 speeds.  
Write to uucp@cis.ohio-state.edu (same as osu-cis!uucp) for instructions. 
[thanks to Bob Sutterfield, bob@MorningStar.Com, 2/90]

The release is available to DEC Easynet sites as CRL::"/pub/X11/R4".

[additional information to be filled in as received]

--------------------------------------------------
2) Where can I obtain Motif?
	
	Various hardware vendors produce developer's toolkits of binaries, 
header files, and documentation; check your hardware vendor, particularly if
that vendor is an OSF member. Systems known to be shipping now: HP (sans UIL), 
Apollo (sans UIL), SCO, ISC. In addition, independent binary vendors produce 
Motif toolkits. ICS makes several binary kits, notably for Sun, Apple; Quest
(408-988-8880) sells kits for Suns, as well.

	An OSF/Motif source license must be obtained from OSF before source can
be obtained from the Open Software Foundation or any value-added vendor. Call 
the Motif Desk at OSF at 617-621-8835 for ordering information.

--------------------------------------------------
3) Where can I obtain software implementing Open Look?

	Sun's XView has a SunView-style API. A new version is on the X11R4 
tape; a newer version is also available (as of 2/90) on expo.lcs.mit.edu 
for anonymous ftp.

	AT&T's Open Look GUI 2.0 Xt-based toolkit is now generally available 
[2/90]; contact 1-800-828-UNIX#544 for information.

	Sun is shipping OpenWindows 1.0 for Sparc, Sun-3, and Sun386i machines;
contact your local sales representative for more details.

	Solbourne's extensible C++-based Object Interface Library will be 
distributed by AT&T [date of availability appx. 6/90].

--------------------------------------------------
4) Where can I obtain other X sources?

	User-contributed software is distributed through the newsgroup
comp.sources.x, moderated by Dan Heller (argv@sun.com); also check that group 
for posting information.


	[Information expected about the Free Widget Library is about to make 
the following on PDWL out-of-date. In the mean-time ... ]
	Miles O'Neal of Sales Technologies, Inc., started a Public Domain 
Widget Library in 11/88. The PDWL is a repository of widgets donated for the 
use of other X programmers and also of toolkit documentation, widget-writing
documentation, better documentation for extant widgets and toolkits, and 
widget-writing tools.
	In addition, the PDWL also stores information on commercially available
toolkits and other sites from which public-domain widget-related and X-related 
stuff may be obtained. It is a place for non-commercial stuff not readily 
available elsewhere.
	You can access the PDWL by sending electronic mail to the account
gatech!stiatl!xwidgets. Send a Subject line of 'help' to obtain more 
information on retrieving widgets and on submitting sources.


	The machine expo.lcs.mit.edu has a great deal of user-contributed
software in the contrib/ directory; a good deal of it is present in current or 
earlier versions on the X11R3 and X11R4 contrib tapes. There is a new directory
contrib/R4fixes/ for fixes to R4 contrib software. [Jim Fulton, 2/90]


	A new west-coast UUCP X11 Archive is administered by Mark Snitily 
(mark@zok.uucp) and contains the full X11R4 distribution, the XTEST
distribution, an entire archive of comp.sources.x and other goodies.
	The machine zok has a TB+ modem which will connect to 19.2K, 2400, 
1200 baud (in that order).  The anonymous UUCP account is UXarch with password 
Xgoodies.  The modem's phone number is 408-996-8285.
	A sample Systems (or L.sys) entry might be:
   		zok Any ACU 19200 4089968285 in:--in: UXarch word: Xgoodies
	To get a current listing of the files that are available, download
the file "/usrX/ls-lR.Z".
	A full subject index of the comp.sources.x files is available in the
file "/usrX/comp.sources.x/INDEX".
	The machine has just the one modem, so please do not fetch large 
amounts of data at one sitting.
[courtesy Mark Snitily, 2/90]


	FTP sites and software available (list as of X11R3; also see above):
brazos.rice.edu            128.42.42.2    pub/X11R3/core.src
charon.mit.edu             18.80.0.13     perl+patches, xdvi
cs.purdue.edu              128.10.2.1     rcs,xspeed
j.cc.purdue.edu            128.210.0.3    comp.sources.{unix,x,amiga}, elm, uupc
nl.cs.cmu.edu              128.2.222.56   Fuzzy Pixmap 0.84 in /usr/mlm/ftp
shambhala.berkeley.edu     128.32.132.54  xrn
terminator.cc.umich.edu    35.1.33.8      xscheme, msdos, atari
cayuga.cs.rochester.edu    192.5.53.209   Xfig,LaTeX styles,Jove
cfdl.larc.nasa.gov         128.155.24.55  gnu, rfc, sun, X, ucb, odu, vm
cheddar.cs.wisc.edu        128.105.2.113  Common Lisp stuff, X11 courier fonts
cs.orst.edu                128.193.32.1   Xlisp
dinorah.wustl.edu          128.252.118.101 X11R3/core.src 
expo.lcs.mit.edu           18.30.0.212    a home of X, portable bitmaps
gatekeeper.dec.com         128.45.9.52    X11,etc...
giza.cis.ohio-state.edu    128.146.8.61   X11R3, PEX
hotel.cis.ksu.edu          129.130.10.12  XBBS, msdos, U3G toolkit
icarus.riacs.edu           128.102.64.1   SLIP, chkpt, macdump, Xpostit
interviews.stanford.edu    36.22.0.175    InterViews X toolkit
jpl-mil.jpl.nasa.gov       128.149.1.101  Tex, Mac, Gnu, Xv11R{2,3}
m9-520-1.mit.edu           18.80.0.45     Xim (X image viewer)
mordred.cs.purdue.edu      128.10.2.2     X11R3
polyslo.calpoly.edu        129.65.17.1    src/spaceout.tar.Z for X11
scam.berkeley.edu          128.32.138.1   X sources, etc.
sun.soe.clarkson.edu       128.153.12.3   X11 fonts, TeX
think.com                  10.4.0.6       X11.2 Interviews 3d
vaxa.isi.edu               128.9.0.33     X, db
wheaties.ai.mit.edu        128.52.32.13   "tX11" 
xanth.cs.odu.edu           128.82.8.1     comp.srcs.{x,unix,misc,games,amiga},X
[This is from a file posted in early July 1989; sorry: attribution is lost,
and this list does need updating.]


In addition, UUNET Source Archives (703-876-5050) tracks comp.sources.x and 
provides 600MB+ of compressed programs on two 6250 bpi or five 1/4" tapes. 
	
--------------------------------------------------
5) What is the xstuff mail-archive?

	The xstuff server is a mail-response program. That means that you mail 
it a request, and it mails back the response.
	Any of the four possible commands must be the first word on a line. The 
xstuff server reads your entire message before it does anything, so you can 
have several different commands in a single message (unless you ask for help). 
The xstuff server treats the "Subject:" header line just like any other line 
of the message.
	The archives are organized into a series of directories and 
subdirectories.  Each directory has an index, and each subdirectory has an 
index. The top-level index gives you an overview of what is in the 
subdirectories, and the index for each subdirectory tells you what is in it.

	1) The command "help" or "send help" causes the server to send you a 
more detailed version of this help file.
	2) if your message contains a line whose first word is "index", then 
the server will send you the top-level index of the contents of the archive. If
there are other words on that line that match the name of subdirectories, then 
the indexes for those subdirectories are sent instead of the top-level index. 
For example, you can say "send index fixes" (or "index fixes"). A message that 
requests an index cannot request data.
	3) if your message contains a line whose first word is "send", then the
xstuff server will send you the item(s) named on the rest of the line. To name 
an item, you give its directory and its name. For example
                send fixes 1 3-4
	You may issue multiple send requests. The xstuff server contains many 
safeguards to ensure that it is not monopolized by people asking for large 
amounts of data. The mailer is set up so that it will send no more than a fixed 
amount of data each day. If the work queue contains more requests than the 
day's quota, then the unsent files will not be processed until the next day. 
Whenever the mailer is run to send its day's quota, it sends the requests out 
shortest-first.
	4) Some mailers produce mail headers that are unusable for extracting 
return addresses.  If you use such a mailer, you won't get any response.  If 
you happen to know an explicit path, you can include a line like
        path foo%bar.bitnet@mitvma.mit.edu
or
        path bar!foo!frotz
in the body of your message, and the daemon will use it.

	The xstuff server itself can be reached at xstuff@expo.lcs.mit.edu. If 
your mailer deals in "!" notation, try sending to 
{someplace}!eddie!expo.lcs.mit.edu!xstuff.

[based on information from the MIT X Consortium, 8/89.]

--------------------------------------------------
6) Where can I obtain patches to X11R4?

	The xstuff server now has seven patches for X11R4 [3/90]. Send to xstuff
the Subject line
		send fixes 1-7

	Patches are typically also distributed through the newsgroup 
comp.sources.x, with some lagtime.

	Some source re-sellers may be including patches in their source 
distributions of X11R4.

--------------------------------------------------
7) Where can I find books and articles on X that are good for beginners?

	Ken Lee of the DEC Western Software Laboratory regularly posts to 
comp.windows.x and ba.windows.x a list of reference books and articles on X and
X programming.  Here is an unordered set of useful reference books and
tutorials, most of which appear on that list [comments are gathered from a 
variety of places and are unattributable]:

Jones, Oliver, "Introduction to the X Window System," Prentice Hall, 1989. A 
fine introduction to programming with Xlib; fairly good background to the X 
protocol; nice discussion of Xlib, the X library. ISBN 0-13-499997-5. (There 
is a new version. ISBN?)
 
Young, Doug. "The X Window System: Applications and Programming with Xt (Motif 
Version)," Prentice Hall, 1989 (ISBN 0-13-497074-8). The excellent tutorial 
"X Window Systems Programming and Applications with Xt," (ISBN 0-13-972167-3) 
updated for Motif. [The examples from the Motif version are available on expo 
in ~ftp/contrib/young.motif.tar.Z]
 
Scheifler, Robert, James Gettys, and Ron Newman, "X Window System: C Library 
and Protocol Reference," Digital Press, 1988. The bible on X.  This is the most
complete published description of the X programming interface and X protocol. 
It should not be one's first book on X, though. ISBN 1-55558-012-2.  DP order 
number EY-6737E-DP.  
 	
Nye, Adrian, "Xlib Programming Manual, Volume 1" and "Xlib Reference Manual, 
Volume 2," O'Reilly and Associates, 1988. A superset of the MIT X documentation;
the first volume is a tutorial with broad coverage of Xlib, and the second
contains reference pages for Xlib functions and many useful reference 
appendices.  ISBN 0-937175-26-9 (volume 1) and ISBN 0-937175-27-7 (volume 2).
[A version updated for X11R4 will be available in April.]

Nye, Adrian, and Tim O'Reilly, "X Toolkit Programming Manual, Volume 4,"
O'Reilly and Associates, 1989. The folks at O'Reilly give their comprehensive
treatment to programming with the MIT X11R3 Intrinsics; some information on 
X11R4 is included.

O'Reilly, Tim, ed.,  "X Toolkit Reference Manual, Volume 5," O'Reilly and 
Associates, 1989.  A professional reference manual for the MIT X11R3 Xt; some 
information on X11R4 is included.

Rosenthal, David S.H., "Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual Version 
1.0 (MIT Consortium Standard)." The first real ICCCM, available on the R4 tape;
a version is also available from the xstuff mail-archive-server.

(Prentice-Hall ordering is 201-767-5937. O'Reilly ordering is 800-338-NUTS.)

In addition, check the X11R4 core distribution in doc/tutorials for some useful
papers and tutorials, particularly the file doc/tutorials/answers.txt.  "Late 
Night's Top Ten X11 Questions" by Dave Lemke (lemke@ncd.com) and Stuart Marks 
(smarks@sun.com) answers other common questions and some of these here in more 
detail.

--------------------------------------------------
8) What courses on X are available?

	Lurnix offers 4-day "type-along courses" on Xt; the course is being
ported from Xaw to Xm. Information is available at 800-433-9337 (in CA: -9338).
	
	Integrated Computer Solutions, Inc., offers several multi-day, hands-on
courses on X, Xt, and the Xaw, HP, and Motif widget sets, in particular. 
Information is available at 617-547-0510 and info@ics.com.

	Intelligent Visual Computing teaches several Xt-based lab courses 
on-site. IVC is at 919-481-1353 or at info@ivc.uu.net.

	IXI Limited (+44 223 462 131) offers regular X training courses for 
both programmers and non-technical managers.

	Advanced Computing Environments periodically offers at least a two-day
Introduction course. Contact Susie Karlson at 415-941-3399 for information.

	Various vendors are also beginning to offer X training, usually 
specific to Xt and a proprietary widget set; HP and DEC are also offering Xlib 
courses. Sun offers an XView course.

	Various universities are offering short X courses or overviews: UCLA,
Dartmouth, University of Lowell, University of Canberra (within Australia: 
062-522422) ...

	Among the best places to find courses are at the various Unix 
conferences -- Uniforum, Usenix, Unix Expo, Xhibition, the MIT X Technical
Conference, &c.

[additional information to be filled in as received]

--------------------------------------------------
9) Is there a skeleton X program available?
	
	There is no general framework such as the TransSkel program for the 
Macintosh which handles lots of the odds and ends and overhead of development 
under a window system and which can be used as a platform for additional 
development. In X, the problem is typically solved by using an interactive 
application builder tool or by using cut&paste on existing X applications. Good
applications which you might look to manipulate when you want to "test just 
this one little thing" include contrib/clients/xskel, a simple R4 program that 
puts up a window and allows sketching in it and offers a starting point for
quick hacks, the Xaw examples in the examples/ directory in the R3 and R4 
distributions, and the Xlib "Hello World" example in the R3 doc/HelloWorld and 
R4 doc/tutorials/HelloWorld; an updated version of this program which uses R4 
Xlib calls and current ICCCM conventions was posted in 2/90 to comp.windows.x  
by Glenn Widener of Tektronix. 	[3/90]

--------------------------------------------------
10) What are these common abbreviations?

	Xt: The X Toolkit Intrinsics is a library layered on Xlib which 
provides the functionality from which the widget sets are built. An "Xt-based" 
program is an application which uses one of those widget sets and which uses 
Intrinsics mechanisms to manipulate the widgets.
	Xmu: The Xmu library is a collection of Miscellaneous Utility functions
useful in building various applications and widgets.
	Xaw: The Athena Widget Set is the MIT-implemented sample widget set
distributed with X11 source since X11R2.
	Xm: The OSF/Motif widget set from the Open Software Foundation; binary
kits are available from many hardware vendors
	XUI: DEC's X-programmer's toolkit, including a widget set and a high-
level widget description language, is being phased out.
	Xhp (Xw): The Hewlett-Packard Widget Set was originally based on R2++, 
but several sets of patches exist which bring it up to R3, as it is distributed
on the X11R4 tapes.
	dxwm: The DECwindows window manager is part of DEC's current X release.
	mwm: The Motif Window Manager is distributed with OSF/Motif source and
is available from vendors in binary form.
	CLX: The Common Lisp X Interface is a Common Lisp equivalent to Xlib.
	XDMCP: The X Display Manager Protocol provides a uniform mechanism for 
a display such as an X terminal to request login service from a remote host.
	XLFD: The X Logical Font Description Conventions describes a standard
logical font description and conventions to be used by clients so that they
can query and access those resources.
	ICCCM: The Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual explains the
set of standard conventions which X clients should follow to allow them to
cooperate in the areas of selections, cut buffers, window management, session
management, and resources. The latest version is on the X11R4 tape.
	RTFM: Common X-speak meaning "please locate and consult the relevant 
documentation".
	UTSL: A common expression meaning "take advantage of the fact that you 
aren't limited by a binary license -- Use The Source, Luke".

--------------------------------------------------
11) What is XUG?

	The X User's Group was formed in January of 1988.  Its purpose is to 
encourage X development by providing information on the X Window System to all 
who are interested.

	- Local Area Groups: [this list is in the process of being updated]:
		Bay Area 		Jim Turner, 415/960-0123
		Boston 			Mitch Trachtenberg, 617/621-8700
		Cleveland 		Mike Kolberg, 216/243-1198
		New York City 		#TBC#
		Princeton, NJ 		Joe Camaratta, 609/734-6500
		Research Triangle Park 	Steven Thiedke, 919/481-1353
		Washington, DC 		Thomas Fagre, 703/866-7425
		England 		Ray Anderson, +44 223 462131
		France 			Daniel Dardailler, +33 93 65 77 71
		Singapore		Chee Keong Law, 772-3116

	- XNextEvent: the several-times-yearly newsletter includes articles of 
general interest.

	To join, form a local group, contribute to XNextEvent, or help out in 
any other way, contact Alex Fisher at XUG, c/o Integrated Computer Solutions, 
163 Harvard Street, Cambridge, MA  02139, 617/547-0634, or email to 
xug@expo.lcs.mit.edu (please make sure to include a return address, particularly
if you connect to the world via a UUCP connection). Note that this address is
not a mail server. [Note also that XUG does not currently send this list via
email to a mailing list, though individual requests will be answered.]

--------------------------------------------------
12) What is the X Consortium and how do I join?

	The MIT X Consortium was formed in January of 1988 to further the
development of the X Window System and has as its major goal the promotion of 
cooperation within the computer industry in the creation of standard software 
interfaces at all layers in the X Window System environment.
	MIT's role is to provide the vendor-neutral architectural and 
administrative leadership required to make this work. Membership in the 
Consortium open to any organization.  There are two categories of membership, 
Member (for large organizations) and Affiliate (for smaller organizations).
	Most of the Consortium's activities take place via electronic mail, 
with meetings when required.  As designs and specifications take shape,
interest groups are formed from experts in the participating organizations.  
Typically a small multi-organization architecture team leads the design, with 
others acting as close observers and reviewers.  Once a complete specification
is produced, it may be submitted for formal technical review by the Consortium
as a proposed standard.  The standards process typically includes public 
review (outside the Consortium) and a demonstration of proof of concept.
	Your involvment in the public review process or as a Member or 
Affiliate of the Consortium is welcomed.
	Write to: Bob Scheifler, MIT X Consortium, Laboratory for Computer 
Science, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139.

[For complete information see the XCONSORTIUM man page from the X11R4
distribution, from which this information is adapted.] [2/90]

--------------------------------------------------
13) What conferences on X are coming up?

	"Discover Unix 1990" (Tyngsboro, MA, April 2-4) has some high-powered X
talks. Call Andree Fontaine at 508-649-9731 for attendee information.

	The Xhibition90 X trade show and conference is being held in San Jose 
May 21-25. Xhibition is focused on the X Window System and offers tutorials, 
panels, presentations, and vendor exhibits. Call Xhibition at 617-547-0510 for 
information.

	The MIT Technical Conference is typically held in January in Boston,
mostly for historical reasons.

--------------------------------------------------
14) What is the current state of the world in X terminals?

	Here is a selection of vendors with "impressions of consensus opinions".

	Acer (408-922-0333) has the Xebra 1000, based on an 8086 cpu, with a
640x480 monochrome screen. "Low performance." "May not be sold anymore."

	AT&T's (800-247-1212; ask for local dealer) 730X has a 1Kx1K b/w
display with a 1:1 aspect ratio. The terminal supports multiple Telnet sessions
and AT&T windowing in addition to X. [Starlan only.] "Very, very nice."

	C. Itoh (714-660-1421; also 800-347-2484) produces the CIT-X Network 
Display Station based on a 12.5MHZ 68301 main processor with a 34010 graphics 
processor. "Rumor: making a terminal that Sun will OEM, if C. Itoh doesn't pull
out of the business first."

	DEC (800-343-4040) is slated to ship in 3/90 the VT1000, a home-brew
15" 1024x864 monochrome terminal using the TI 34010. "Digital has it now?"

	Gipsi S.A. (+33 (1) 30.60.75.00 or Jeff Abramatic at jfa@gipsi.fr) in 
10/89 announced "le tX", a line of 68030-based X terminals running X11R3. 
High-end models, at least, feature downloadable X servers.
	 Model Memory Resolution   Display Refresh (Hz)  Price (FF)
	   M    2 MB  1280x960x1  19" B&W       66        32 400
	   Me   2 MB  1280x960x2  19" Greyscale 66        38 000
	   C4   2 MB  1280x768x4  16" Colour    60        59 900
	   C8   4 MB  1280x1024x8 19" Colour    60        79 400
		Expansion is up to 8MB and 8 planes.
The exclusive US distributor is Peripheral Design, Inc (404-263-0067).
"Looks fairly nice; shouldn't be overlooked."

	GraphOn (800-472-7466) OptimaX 200 runs a server on the host which 
translates from X protocol to a proprietary protocol which can run over a 
serial line. The screen is 14". The terminal is based on a 12MHz 68000.  (See 
the December 1989 issue of XNextEvent for an informal review.) "Best available
solution for RS232C lines."

	HP (800-752-0900; ask for nearest sales office) offers the 700/X series
of terminals using on the TI 34010. Bit-mapped graphics monitors with 
resolutions of 640x480, 800x600, and 1024x768 are supported.  All units come 
standard with 1 Mbyte of RAM expandable up to 4 Mbytes and display 16 colors 
from a palette of 4096 or up to 16 levels of gray-scale.

	Human Design Systems (800-437-1551) offers several combinations of 14",
16", and 19" color, grey-scale, and mono screens, at least 1Kx1K. All support 
thin and thick Ethernet. High-end models are expandable to 8.5MB. "Slow."

	IBM's Xstation 120 starts with 512KB of memory and features support
for simultaneous Token-Ring and Ethernet connections. [2/90] AGE (619-565-7373)
has software that allows it to work with Suns, RTs, and DECstations as well as 
the IBM Powerstation machines.

	Jupiter Systems (415-523-9000, 508-836-4400) produces the Model 310
which features a 19-inch 1280x1024 color monitor. "A price leader, but also a 
performance leader."

	Network Computing Devices (415-694-0650) offers several terminals. The 
NCD16 has a 1Kx1K 16" square display, a 12.5MHz 68000, a non-optical mouse, a 
DEC-influenced keyboard, and an X11R3 server.  The base configuration comes 
with 1.5M memory. There is an option for down-loading the server into RAM.
(This is the terminal offered by MIPS and DG; it is also the Tektronix XN5.) 
There is also a 19" version with 1280x1024 resolution. The new 17c is an 8-bit 
color 1024x768 display. "Nice engineers' terminals."

	NCR (513-445-2033) offers the Towerview with 1024x840 resolution and a 
PROM-based server. The Towerview supports serial connections. Fonts are
down-loaded. The XL15 and XL19 have 15", 1024x800 and 19", 1280x1024 displays,
respecitively. "Seems to be designed for the PC office."

	Princeton Graphic Systems (800-221-1490) has introduced the Ultra X line
with monochrome up to 1024x768 and color up to 1024x1280. Expandable to 8MB.

	Qume (408-942-4000) has announced an X terminal called the QXT 10 X.

	Spectragraphics (619-450-0611) offers an X terminal with emulation for
the IBM 3270 and related terminals.

	Tektronix (203-877-1494; or Rick Kamp rickka@orca.WV.tek.com) offers 
the Model 4211 Graphics Netstation using the TI 34010 graphics processor. The 
15" screen is 1024x768 color. The XN11 is a PseudoColor device with up to 8 
planes. The 16" and 19" monitors have the 1024x768 resolution. There is also an
XN10, which features a 19", 1024x768 color monitor.

	Visual Technologies (800-VISUALC; MA 508-836-4400) offers the 640X 
based on a 12MHz 68000. The display is 1024x800 14" monochrome. The 719 
increases speed to 16Mhz and offers a 19" display. The 719x Turbo offers grey-
scale images. "Good low-cost-per-seat performance station."

Digital Review's 2/26/90 issue evaluates a subset of these terminals. 
Corrections are in the 3/5 issue, p.4. A rebuttal from Jupiter appears 3/19. 

--------------------------------------------------
15) How can I get an X server on a PC?

	Locus Computing (800-955-6287; CA: 213-670-6500; UK: +44 296 89911) has 
a server called PC-Xsight which also appears in Acer's X terminal.

	HP (800-752-0900) has the "HP Accelerated X Window Display Server"
(HP AXDS/PC; HP part D2300B) which will run on any AT-class DOS machine with 
640KB, MSDOS 3.1 or higher, and the HP Intelligent Graphics Controller 10 card,
to which the X11R3-based server is downloaded (avoiding performance-limitations
from PC RAM-size and processor speed). [from John Kempff (kempff@hppad.hp.com),
3/90]

	Graphic Software Systems (GSS) (503-641-2200) makes PC-Xview, an 
MSDOS-based X server which interfaces with PC/TCP Plus networking software from
FTP Software and Excelan's LAN WorkPlace for DOS.  The server works with 
(a) 286, 386, 486 (b) EGA, VGA, DGIS displays. (c) DOS 3.2 and above
(d) Microsoft, Logitech, Mouse Systems Mice (e) 640k memory up to 16 MB memory
[the PC-Xview/16 is available for PCs with extended memory].

	VisionWare's XVision is a Microsoft Windows-based X server which allows
an IBM-compatible PC or PS/2 to display X clients running on a networked 
computer at the same time as local DOS programs. VisionWare is at 612-377-3627 
or vision@vware.mn.org (UK: +44 532 788858 and vware@vision.uucp).
	
	Integrated Inference Machines (714-978-6201 or -6776) is shipping 
X11/AT, an X server that runs under MS-windows. The server converts an IBM-AT 
into an X terminal which can simultaneously run MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows 
applications.

	IBM is rumored to offer a product; part #5709-029.

	Hummingbird Communications (Canada 416-470-1203) produces the 
HCL-eXceed and HCL-eXceed Plus for EGA, VGA, and VGA+ controllers. 

	Information Network Solutions also offers a product called HCL-eXceed
for the *86. The fax is 02-4122079 inside Australia, 612-4122079 from overseas.

	PC DECwindows a.k.a. the PC DECwindows Display Facility is an MS-DOS 
application that turns your PC into an X11R3 terminal. It supports DECnet.
Available from DEC. [Dennis Giokas (giokas@mosaic.enet.dec.com), 3/90]

	AGE (619-565-7373) offers the XoftWare TIGA.

	Bell Technologies (Fremont, CA: 415-659-9097)

	Intelligent Decisions, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA: 408-734-3730)

--------------------------------------------------
16) How can I get an X server on a Macintosh running MacOS?

	eXodus from White Pine Software (603-886-9050) runs on any Mac with
at least 1MB of memory and runs the X server within a standard Macintosh 
window.  eXodus II uses the math co-processor and other features of high-end
Macs. [info current as of 6/89]

	Apple's MacX runs on MacPlus or newer machines with >= 2MB of memory
and system software 6.0.4 or later. It is an "X11R3.5" server that includes 
support for an optional built-in ICCCM-compliant window manager, X11R4 fonts 
and colors, a built-in BDF font compiler, and built-in standard colormaps, and 
it supports the X11R4 notion "all visuals that make sense" for color displays. 
Available 1Q90. [courtesy Alan Mimms (alan@apple.com], 3/90]

--------------------------------------------------
17) Where can I obtain an X-based editor or word-processor?

	You can ftp the latest version of emacs, including X11 support, from
prep.ai.mit.edu [18.71.0.38].  The file you probably want is
~ftp/pub/gnu/emacs-18.55.tar.Z, or similarly-named files. 
	
	Epoch is a modified version of Gnu Emacs with additional facilities
useful in an X environment. Epoch is available by anonymous ftp from 
cs.uiuc.edu (128.174.252.1), in the directory pub/epoch-files.  There are two 
subdirectories:  epoch contains the epoch source, and gwm contains the source 
to the programmable window manager GWM, with which epoch works well.

	The Andrew system on the X11R4 tape has been described as one of the
best word-processing packages available. It supports word processing with 
multi-media embedded objects: rasters, tables/spread sheets, drawings, style 
editor, application builder, embedded programming language, &c. 
[Fred Hansen (wjh+@ANDREW.CMU.EDU)]

In addition:

	FrameMaker and FrameWriter are available as X-based binary products for
several machines. Frame is at 800-843-7263 (CA: 408-433-3311).

	InDepthEdit is available from Non Standard Logics (+33 (1) 43 36 77 50).

	DECwrite is available from DEC for some DEC hardware and SunWrite is
available from Sun.

	IslandWrite will soon be available from Island Graphics (415-491-1000) 
for some HP & Apollo platforms.

	Interleaf is currently available from Interleaf (800-241-7700, 
MA: 617-577-9800) on all Sun and DEC platforms; others are under development.

	The Alis office-productivity tool from Applix (1-800-8APPLIX, MA: 
508-870-0300) includes a multi-font WYSIWG document composer; for several
systems.

--------------------------------------------------
18) Where can I obtain an X-based paint/draw program?

	xpic is an object-oriented drawing program. It supports multiple font 
styles and sizes and variable line widths; there are no rotations or zooms.
xpic is quite suitable as an interactive front-end to pic, though the 
xpic-format produced can be converted into PostScript. (The latest version is 
on the R4 contrib tape in clients/xpic.)

	xfig is an object-oriented drawing program supporting compound objects.
The text-handling is limited. The xfig-format can be converted in PostScript or
other formats. The latest is on the R4 contrib tape in clients/xfig; it is one 
of the several 'xfig' programs which several groups independently developed 
parallel versions of from the R3 xfig.

	idraw 2.5 supports numerous fonts and various line styles and arbitrary
rotations. It supports zoom and scroll and color draws and fills. On the R4 
tape; see also interviews-request@interviews.stanford.edu.

[courtesy Jim Helman (jim@kaos.Stanford.EDU) 7/89; some comments added by XUG]

In addition:

	dxpaint is a bitmap-oriented drawing program most like MacPaint; it's 
good for use by artists but bad for drawing figures or drafting. dxpaint is 
part of the Ultrix 3.x release.

--------------------------------------------------
19) Where can I obtain an X-based spreadsheet?

Vendor                        Product    Phone
------                        -------    -----
Access Technology             20/20      (508) 655-9191
Informix                      WingZ      (800) 331-1763
Quality Software Products     Q-Calc/eXclaim    800-628-3999 (CA:213-410-0303) 
Unipress                      Q-Calc     (201) 985-8000
Uniplex                       Uniplex    (214) 717-0068, (800) 356-8063
[above from Walter E. Gillett (gillett@AI.MIT.EDU)]
Digital				DECdecision   1-800-DIGITAL

BBN Software Products         BBN/Slate  617-873-3984 (Scott Richardson)
	(the product includes WordProcessing, Spreadsheet, Graphics, Image 
	Processing, Foreign Language WordProcessing, Electronic Mail, and 
	Elecronic Conferencing)

The Alis office-productivity tool from Applix (1-800-8APPLIX, MA: 508-870-0300)
includes a spreadsheet.

--------------------------------------------------
20) Where can I get a PostScript previewer for X?

	xps is available from almost everywhere that the X11 contributed source
can be found. The version currently on expo is based on Crispin Goswell's 
PostScript interpreter with fixes and speedups by John Myers and Barry Shein 
and an X11 driver by Terry Weissman.  There are known problems with fonts. The 
package is good for lowering the edit-print-edit cycle in experimenting with 
particular PostScript effects.

	Ghostscript is distributed by the Free Software Foundation 
(617-876-3296) and includes a PostScript interpreter and a library of graphics
primitives. The README for the current version, 1.3, points out that it doesn't
take advantage of many of the facilities offered by X but that this is intended
to change in the future. The software can probably be found on prep.ai.mit.edu.
A 1.4beta may be found on uunet. [2/90]

In addition:

	ScriptWorks is Harlequin's software package for previewing and printing
PostScript(R) descriptions of text and graphics images; previewers for X are 
available. For information call +44-223-872522 or send email to 
scriptworks-request@uk.co.harlqn.

	Digital's dxpsview runs on UWS 2.1 and 2.2.

--------------------------------------------------
21) Where can I get a troff previewer for X?

	X11R4 has two previewers for device-independent troff: the supported 
client xditview, and the contributed-but-well-maintainted xtroff. An earlier 
version of xtroff also appeared on the R3 contributed source.

In addition:

	Elan Computer Group (CA: 415-964-2200) produces eroff, a modified 
troff implementation, and Elan/Express, an X11 eroff previewer (misleadingly)
labeled "WYSIWYG".

	SoftQuad (416-963-8337; USA only 800-387-2777, mail@sq.uu.net or
mail@sq.com) offers SoftQuad Publishing Software, including a substantially-
rewritten troff formatter, a better intermediate language with backwards 
compatibility, and an X11[R3,R4] previewer. (This is the package adopted by 
AT&T's own MIS department, and used in and re-sold by many parts of AT&T). 
[information from Ian Darwin, SoftQuad (ian@sq.com) 3/90]

	Image Network (1-800-TOXROFF; CA: 415-967-0542) has the 'xroff' 
package, which includes a fine modified troff implementation and a set of 
X11-based page previewers. (This is the package OEM'ed by several hardware 
vendors.)

[mostly courtesy moraes@cs.toronto.edu (Mark Moraes)] [2/90]

--------------------------------------------------
22) How do I convert Mac/TIFF/GIF/Sun/PICT/Face/img/FAX/etc images to X?

	The likeliest program is an incarnation of Jef Poskanzer's useful++ 
Portable Bitmap Toolkit, which includes a number of programs for converting 
among various image formats. It includes support for many types of bitmaps, 
gray-scale images, and full-color images. The latest version, PBMPLUS, was 
posted to the net about 11/22/89; it is also on the R4 tape under 
contrib/clients/pbmplus.
	The package has been independently updated to support XPM images for
pixmaps.
	Useful for viewing some image-formats is Jim Frost's xloadimage, a
version of which is in the R4 directory contrib/clients/xloadimage. 

	[Both PBMPLUS and xloadimage are under active development; watch for
updated versions.]

--------------------------------------------------
23) How do I use an alternate window manager with DEC's session manager?

	DEC's session manager will start dxwm up by default. To override this, 
add to your .Xdefaults file something like this line, naming the full pathname:

	sm.windowManagerName:   /usr/bin/X11/your_favorite_wm

--------------------------------------------------
24) How do I build X with gcc?

	MIT is now using regularly the Free Software Foundation's
GNU-CC to build the X distribution and uses gcc-built servers to test 
performance increases.

	[These options are gathered from several descriptions of building
X with gcc 1.34, 1.35, and 1.36]:

	Use the options
		-O -fstrength-reduce -fpcc-struct-return

		-traditional may also be necessary if your version of
gcc is sufficiently old.

	Do not use -finline-functions, particularly on the R4 server.

	Make sure to run 'fixincludes' from the gcc distribution before doing 
anything.

HOWEVER, there is a bug in gcc 1.34 and 1.36 (but not in 1.35 or 1.37) which 
miscompiles things of the form (expr == 0 ? exp1 : exp2).  The fix needed in 
X11R4 (and probably X11R3) is to change the definition of XtNewString in 
Intrinsic.h to:
  #define XtNewString(str) \
  ((str) != NULL ? (strcpy(XtMalloc((unsigned)strlen(str) + 1), str)) : NULL)
A work-around is also in fix-2 to X11R4.

--------------------------------------------------
25) What are these funny problems compiling X11R3 on the Sun4?

	cc -c -O -I. -I../../include -I../../.././X11 -I../mfb   cfbbitblt.c
	cc: Fatal error in iropt: Illegal instruction (core dumped)

	Known problems with the Sun4 optimizer render the -O flag unusable
on this file. 

	In addition, there is a problem in all of the procedures that return a
parameter that was never referenced.  Instead of returning the string, the 
compiler with optimization seems to be returning the last value computed.  You 
can compile lib/Xt/TMparse.c without optimization; alternatively, you can 
replace the "return str" in various routines to use that parameter [courtesy of
Jim Fulton, MIT X Consortium]:

#ifdef sparc
/*
 * The silly optimizer in SunOS 4.0.3 and below generates bogus code that
 * causes the value of the most recently used variable to be returned instead
 * of the value passed in.
 */
static String silly_optimizer_kludge;
#define BROKEN_OPTIMIZER_HACK(val) silly_optimizer_kludge = (val)
#else
#define BROKEN_OPTIMIZER_HACK(val) val
#endif

and have routines end with
    return BROKEN_OPTIMIZER_HACK(str);

Note also that the SPARCstation1 has a bug in its use of -misalign; a fix 
to cc should be obtained from Sun.

--------------------------------------------------
26) What are these funny problems installing X11R4 on the Sun running SunOS 4?
All of the executables that I try to run have the following results:
	ld.so: libXmu.so.4: not found
or even:
	ld.so: call to undefined procedure __GetHostname from 0xf776a96c

	If you are building with shared libraries on a Sun, remember that you 
need to run "ldconfig" as root after installing the shared libraries (if you've
installed X on a file-server, run it on the server's clients, too).  While 
building and installing the distribution, you need to be careful to avoid 
linking against any existing X shared libraries you might have (e.g. those 
distributed with OpenWindows).  You should make sure you do not have 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH set in your environment during the build or the installation.  
If you are going to keep xterm and xload as setuid programs, please note that 
the shared libraries must be installed in /usr/lib or /usr/5lib for these 
programs to work (or else those programs must be linked statically). 
[courtesy MIT X Consortium]

--------------------------------------------------
27) Where can I get a fast X server for a workstation?

	The R4 server should be among the fastest available for most machines.

	The "Purdue" speedups significantly speed up the X11R3 server.  Look on
expo.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/Purdue.2.[01]-tar.Z. (You'll also need gcc.)

	International Quest Corporation (408-988-8289) has an optimized R3 
server for Sun3/4/386i under SunOS 4.0 and also an optimized R4 server. 

	Torch Technology Ltd makes several R3-based tuned servers, most 
notably for Sun 3 and Sun 4.  Call (UK) +44 223 841000 for information. (Note:
Torch is about to go out of business; so far the fate of its products is 
unclear.)

	Megatek's X-cellerator board for the Sun 3 and Sun 4 is based on the TI
34020; the company claims performance improvements of 5x to 10x.

--------------------------------------------------
28) How can I change the titlebar of my xterm window?

	The solution involves sending an escape sequence to xterm which will
cause it to update the property which the window manager relies upon for the
string which appears in the window titlebar.
	A solution is as easy as typing this in an xterm running a shell:
		echo "ESC]2;TEXT^G"
where ESC is the escape key, TEXT is the string you wish to have displayed,
and ^G is a Control-G (the BEL character).

	Here is a more complicated csh alias which changes the titlebar to
the current working directory when you change directories:
		alias newcd 'cd \!* ; echo ESC]2\;$cwd^G'

	The digit '2' in these strings indicates to xterm that it should 
change only the title of the window; to change both the title and the name 
used in the icon, use the digit '0' instead, and use '1' to change only the 
icon name.

[For more information, see the article by Skip Montanaro of GE CR&D on Xterm
control sequences in the December 1989 XNextEvent.]

--------------------------------------------------
29) Why doesn't anything appear when I run this simple program?

> ...
> the_window = XCreateSimpleWindow(the_display,
>      root_window,size_hints.x,size_hints.y,
>      size_hints.width,size_hints.height,BORDER_WIDTH,
>      BlackPixel(the_display,the_screen),
>      WhitePixel(the_display,the_screen));
> ...
> XSelectInput(the_display,the_window,ExposureMask|ButtonPressMask|
> 	ButtonReleaseMask);
> XMapWindow(the_display,the_window);
> ...
> XDrawLine(the_display,the_window,the_GC,5,5,100,100);
> ...

	You are right to map the window before drawing into it. However, the 
window is not ready to be drawn into until it actually appears on the screen --
until your application receives an Expose event. Drawing done before that will 
generally not appear. You'll see code like this in many programs; this code 
would appear after window was created and mapped:
  while (!done)
    {
      XNextEvent(the_display,&the_event);
      switch (the_event.type) {
	case Expose:	 /* On expose events, redraw */
		XDrawLine(the_display,the_window,the_GC,5,5,100,100);
		break;
	...
	}
    }

	Note that there is a second problem: some X servers don't set up the 
default graphics context to have reasonable foreground/background colors, and 
your program should not assume that the server does, so this program could 
previously include this code to prevent the case of having the foreground and 
background colors the same:
  ...
  the_GC_values.foreground=BlackPixel(the_display,the_screen);	/* e.g. */
  the_GC_values.background=WhitePixel(the_display,the_screen);	/* e.g. */
  the_GC = XCreateGC(the_display,the_window,
                GCForeground|GCBackground,&the_GC_values);
  ...
 
Note: the code uses BlackPixel and WhitePixel to avoid assuming that 1 is 
black and 0 is white or vice-versa.  The relationship between pixels 0 and 1 
and the colors black and white is implementation-dependent.  They may be 
reversed, or they may not even correspond to black and white at all.

--------------------------------------------------
30) What is the difference between a Screen and a screen?

	The 'Screen' is an Xlib structure which includes the information about
one of the monitors or virtual monitors which a single X display supports. A 
server can support several independent screens. They are numbered unix:0.0,
unix:0.1, unix:0.2, etc; the 'screen' or 'screen_number' is the second digit --
the 0, 1, 2 which can be thought of as an index into the array of available 
Screens on this particular Display connection.
	The macros which you can use to obtain information about the particular
Screen on which your application is running typically have two forms -- one
which takes a Screen and one with takes both the Display and the screen_number.
	In Xt-based programs, you typically use XtScreen(widget) to determine 
the Screen on which your application is running, if it uses a single screen.
	(Part of the confusion may arise from the fact that some of the macros
which return characteristics of the Screen have "Display" in the names -- 
XDisplayWidth, XDisplayHeight, etc.)
	
--------------------------------------------------
31) Why do I get a BadDrawable error drawing to XtWindow(widget)?
I'm doing this in order to get a window into which I can do Xlib graphics
within my Xt-based program:

> canvas = XtCreateManagedWidget ( ...,widgetClass,...) /* drawing area */
> ...
> window = XtWindow(canvas);	/* get the window associated with the widget */
> ...
> XDrawLine (...,window,...);	/* produces error */

	The window associated with the widget is created as a part of the 
realization of the widget.  Using a window id of NULL ("no window") could 
create the error that you describe.  It is necessary to call XtRealizeWidget() 
before attempting to use the window associated with a widget.

--------------------------------------------------
32) Can I get a window's background pixel/pixmap using XGetWindowAttributes?

	No.  Once set, the background pixel or pixmap of a window cannot be 
re-read by clients.  The reason for this is that a client can create a pixmap,
set it to be the background pixmap of a window, and then free the pixmap. The 
window keeps this background, but the pixmap itself is destroyed.  If you're 
sure a window has a background pixel (not a pixmap), you can use XClearArea() 
to clear a region to the background color and then use XGetImage() to read 
back that pixel.  However, this action alters the contents of the window, and 
it suffers from race conditions with exposures. [courtesy Dave Lemke of NCD 
and Stuart Marks of Sun]

	Note that the same applies to the border pixel/pixmap. This is a 
(mis)feature of the protocol which allows the server is free to manipulate the
pixel/pixmap however it wants.  By not requiring the server to keep the 
original pixel or pixmap, some (potentially a lot of) space can be saved. 
[courtesy Jim Fulton, MIT X Consortium]

--------------------------------------------------
33) Why does the pixmap I copy to the screen show up as garbage? 

	The initial contents of pixmaps are undefined.  This means that most
servers will allocate the memory and leave around whatever happens to be there 
-- which is usually garbage.  You probably want to clear the pixmap first using
XFillRectangle() with a function of GXcopy and a foreground pixel of whatever 
color you want as your background (or 0L if you are using the pixmap as a 
mask). [courtesy Dave Lemke of NCD and Stuart Marks of Sun]

--------------------------------------------------
34) Why doesn't my program get the keystrokes I select for?

	The window manager controls how the input focus is transferred from one
window to another.  In order to get keystrokes, your program must ask the
window manager for the input focus.  To do this, you must set up what are
called "hints" for the window manager.  If your applications is Xlib-based, you
can use something like the following:

        XWMHints wmhints;
        ...
        wmhints.flags = InputHint;
        wmhints.input = True;
        XSetWMHints(dpy, window, &hints)

If your application is based on the Xt Intrinsics, you can set the XtNinput 
resource to be True (as you probably want to in any case).  [courtesy Dave 
Lemke of NCD and Stuart Marks of Sun]

--------------------------------------------------
35) Why does the R3 xterm, et al, fail against the R4 server?

	The value given to a window's do_not_propagate mask is the likely 
culprit.  R3 allowed bogus values to be set, and early version of both Andrew 
and Interviews did, as well. Similar problems also occurs in the R3 Xm 
PanedWindow widget.

	If it is impossible to fix client source, use 'xset bc' to put the 
X11R4 server into bug-compatibility mode.

--------------------------------------------------
36) Where can I obtain alternate language bindings to Xlib?

	Versions of the CLX Lisp bindings are part of the X11R3 and X11R4 core 
source distributions.

	Ada bindings were written by Mark Nelson and Stephen Hyland at SAIC 
for the DOD. The bindings can be found on hapo.sei.cmu.edu or on 
wsmr-simtel20.army.mil and are also in the Ada Software Repository (ASR). 
R3 bindings should be available by the end of 1/90. [1/90]

	Prolog bindings (called "XWIP") written by Ted Kim at UCLA while
supported in part by DARPA are available by anonymous FTP from
expo.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/xwip.tar.Z or ftp.cs.ucla.edu:pub/xwip.tar.Z.
These prolog language bindings depend on having a Quintus-type foreign function
interface in your prolog. The developer has gotten it to work with Quintus and 
SICStus prolog. Inquiries should go to xwip@cs.ucla.edu. [3/90]
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