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PM_Square enhanced : The new free energy generation device !
============================================================

Latest news:
------------

1. MPEG movie now available at:

194.77.35.1   in pub/harti/energy/PM_Square/pm_sqlin.mpg  about 485 KBytes.
(was now moved to this directory from pub/incoming )

Shows, how the Linear Mode works with 3 stator tracks ! This proves, that it  
can go through multiple stator tracks and still gain speed !

Could be used to proppel a train along a railway !


2. A new Enhanced Linear version shown down there !

=====================================================================

Hi,

do you remember the TOMI (also called TMI) device ?

Well, I have talked a lot with the inventor and another "magnet freak"
during the last weekend on the design and we found the solution how to power  
a motor just via using Permanent Magnets !

I will call this design from now on:


PM_Square  = (PM)^2

Permanent Magnet Powered Motor !
=         =      =       =


Well, here it is how it is working:


I will first describe a Linear Motor design and later post a few MPEG movies  
of the enhanced rotor version experiments...

I will publish all my results and findings, so you are ready to duplicate  it  
yourself and prove me right or wrong. This way the basic design goes to the  
Public Domain and can't be bought out or will be suppressed...
I just claim the inventor rights on the Angle Steel add-on design !

Please copy this file to all people, which care about environment pollution  
and want to have a so called "free energy" machine.


For the full understanding of this PM_Square design you should have read the  
TOMI description !

Here the PM_Square design goes:


The most important enhancements over the TOMI design are introduced via
2 angle steel plates at the endings on each track-magnet (in the TOMI  
description called: Runner-magnet)
I will call these "Runner-Magnets" from now on Stator Track-magnets, because  
they don't "run" , but are just the Stator-Magnets, which build the track !

Okay, so how are these 2 Angle Steel plates fitted to the Track-Magnets ?

Here is a simple ASCII drawing:


Top View
========



     ____                                   ____
    |               track magnets (stator)      |   <-----Angle Steel
    |_____ _____ ___________ _____ ______ ______|         at each ending !
    |     |     |     |     |     |      |      |
    |N   S|N   S|N   S|N   S|N   S|N    S|N    S|
    |_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|______|______|


  ------->| Roller Magnet dropped into the track
            from above at 90 degrees at this place !

            -----
           |  N  |
           |  S  |
            -----
           |  N  |
           |  S  |  Roller Magnet,
            -----   rolls this way -------->
           |  N  |  along out of the track !
           |  S  |
            -----
           |  N  |
           |  S  |
            -----

  ------->| Roller Magnet dropped into the track
            from above at 90 degrees at this place !

     _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______
    |     |     |     |     |     |      |      |
    |S   N|S   N|S   N|S   N|S   N|S    N|S    N|
    |_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|______|______|
    |                                           |  <------Angle Steel
    |____          track magnets (stator)  _____|         at each ending !







This is the Top View of the Linear Motor design !
All magnets used are circular magnets. So the Roller Magnet can roll through  
the track ! The number of stator track magnets can vary, but should not be  
too many , cause it weakens the flux inside the track.
Go for around 7 to 10 magnets first. (7 are shown over here !)


By using Angle Steel plates of ST37 or ST100 (thickness of about 1 to 2.5  
mm), one can force the magnetic flux at the endings of the permanent magnet  
Stator Track to be going the right way!

In this case it prevents to pull the Roller Magnet back into the track, when  
it leaves the track at the right side !
You can also try to use a "V"-shaped placement of the Stator Track magnets  
(not putting them in parallel as shown, but at an opening angle of maybe 5 to  
10 degrees), which I can't draw over here with this simple ASCII-"art"!

This enables the Roller magnet to get out of the Stator Track at the ending  
even better and the killing force at the end of the track is far more weaker  
!



One has to drop the Roller Permanent Magnet for the best performance  
(acceleration) into the track at around 90 degrees (also 45 degrees would  
still work!) at around 1/5 to 1/4 length of the track.
This way, the Roller Magnet is just pulled into the track and don't have to  
go via the slight repulsion gate at the entrance of the track at the very  
left side !

With using the steel plates fitted to the end of the track magnets you can  
also try to push the Roller Magnet into the track at the left side, but it  
will almost kill the received acceleration force from the previous track !
But with using the Angle Steel plates, this killing effect is much less, than  
without using the Angle Steel plates...
So the secret to a Real Working Linear PM_Square motor are just these
Angle Steel Magnetic Flux guidance plates !



The best design to get the Roller going through an unlimited number of Magnet  
Stator tracks would be the following design:


Side View:
==========



          Roller Magnet climbing the hills -----> going this direction -->
          |
          |                        wooden cardboard downhill track
          |                        | (without any stator magnets !)
          |                        |
          |                __      |                           __
          |               /  \     |                          /  \
\         |             /--.  \   \|/                       /--.  \
 \        |          /     ;   \                         /     ;   \
  \      \|/      /       /      \                    /       /     \
   \           /                   \               /                 \
    \     o /   ^         ^          \          /                     \
     \   /      |         |            \     /                         \ /
      /         |         |               /                             /
   /            |         |            /                              /
 /              |         |          /                              /
<___            |         |         <___                           <__
                |         |
   ^            |         |
   |            |         Angle Steel
   Angle Steel  |
                Stator magnet track
______________________________________________________________________





This Linear Motion Permanent Magnet Motor design should really work.
It uses the gravitational force to go downhill into the next magnetic Stator  
Track.
In this Side View only the front Stator magnet is shown with the Angle Steel  
at each end with the "wrong" angle drawn, due to the bad perspectivic drawing  
view !(I am not able to draw it better with using this ASCII- "art" !  
Normally in the Side View the Angle Steel Plates would point into direction  
of your face and not downwards ! But I have drawn it downwards to make it  
clear, where the placement of the Angle Steel is located !)


Have a look again above to the Top View and it will getting clear to you,
how the Angle Steel has to be placed !


Enhanced Linear Motion version:
===============================

Side View:
----------




      Roller Magnet climbing the hills -----> going this direction -->
      |
      |                              wooden cardboard downhill track
      |                              | (without any stator magnets !)
      |                              |
      |                              |
      |        #                 #   |             #                 #
      |      /                 /     |           /                 /
      |    /\                /\      |         /\                /\
     \|/ /    \            /    \    |       /    \            /    \
      o/        \        /        \ \|/    /        \        /        \
 \   /            \    /            \    /            \    /            \   /
  \/                \/                \/                \/                \/
 /                 /                 /                 /                 /
#                 #                 #                 #                 #
                 /|\
                  |_______ Angle Steel plates at each ending of the            
                           Stator Magnets !



In this enhanced Linear version you use only the "phase" inside the stator
track, that really accelerates the roller magnet. The fields at the beginning
and ending of the Stator magnet track are not used !
The roller magnet can thus come into and out of the accelerating Stator Track
without any killing force. The roller will just be accelerated each time
it goes into the next hill !


Okay, so far for now.

Please try to duplicate this Linear Motion design of PM_Square and let me  
know, if it will work for you.

If you have any question, please drop a note to my email account at:

harti@contrib.de   or

harti@b-2.de.contrib.net

You can also have a look at my FTP site at:

ftp://ftp.b-2.de.contrib.net  in pub/harti/energy/PM_Square
(194.77.35.1)  or into pub/incoming


There will be soon a few MPEG movies of my experiments with this
PM_Square device !



Theoretical explanation:
========================

I received this from an "anonymous" friend. Please read it and let me know  
what you think about this theory for the explanation of the TOMI and  
PM_Square effect !

I believe, that with using Permanent Magnets the Zero Point Energy can  
betapped ! (See Dr. Harraold Putthof's explanation of Zero Point Energy)



Irreversible Processes in Fields
================================

It is well known theory that the thermodynamic potentials go to
an extremum. This is regarded as equivalent to Planck's 2nd law
although the complete equivalence between both formulations of
the second law never have been proved generally, especially if we
apply the extremum principle of the thermodynamic potentials to
electromagnetic fields. In this article we investigate this
question.

I. Irreversible Processes in Vapour-Liquid Mixtures

We begin here with a well known and quite trivial example. We
regard two cylinder volumes connected by a tap in the middle.
Both the volumes can be set by moving a piston up and down into
or out of the volume.  With this experimental setup we proceed
the following isothermic irreversible cycle, comp fig.1a):We take a fluid  
(for example water) being at the dew line of the
phase diagram. We expand both the pistons isothermically from
point 1 to point 2. So liquid condenses and is collected in the
lower cylinder. Now the tap is closed and both the volumes are
recompressed at equal pressures until the starting volume is
reached again. Now we regard the question whether Planck's law is
fulfilled. This question can be answered by writing the 2nd law
for free energy which states that the free energy F tends to be a
minimum. Therefore, if we leave the minimum in doing the cycle
          Fstart-Fend = - circle integral P dV > 0

must hold because the cycle is isothermal (dT=0)  with no matter
exchange (dn=0). The orientation of the integral shows that
Planck's second law holds, comp. fig.1b).

II. Irreversible Processes in Fields

a) General
According Landau and Lifshitz (1) the free energy of a system
including electric fields and linear dielectrics is defined by
     F'(V,T,D) = F(V,T) + 1/(8*Pi*eps) Int D^2 dV

The Legendre transform of this potential is

     F''(V,T,E) = F(V,T) - eps/(8*Pi) Int E^2 dV

Both these definitions are not useful for thermodynamics
because they are non-homologous functions regarding the molar
ratios. Therefore, the following definitions are used and
specified for constant dielectrics

f'(V,T,P) = f (V,T) + 1/(8*Pi) Int E dP = f + 1/(8*Pi*Xi) P^2
f''(V,T,E) = f(V,T) - 1/(8*Pi) Int P dE = f - Xi/(8*Pi) E^2

Regarding the 2nd derivative of the electric variable of both
these potentials we see that for a constant homogene dielectrics
f'(V,T,P) approaches a minimum and f''(V,T,E) approaches a
maximum in the equilibrium state, if Xi > 0. Similar
considerations hold for magnetic fields as well.

b) Mixing Processes
Now, similar like in section I, we investigate an isothermic and
isochoric cycle if an intense field is applied to a non ideal -
non linear binary dielectric liquid (2).
We start at the phase separation line at low field and apply a
stronger field. Then demixing of the solution occurs. We close
the tap and discharge the field. In the endpoint of the cycle at
lower field we reopen the tap and return to equilibrium. Because
we leave the equilibrium in performing the cycle the unequality

                df'' = - circle integral P dE < 0

holds according the last lines of section II a). Regarding the
orientation of this integral we realize that it is a negative
hysteresis relative to the usual ferroelectric hysteresis. Therefore, our  
consideration predicts a violation of Planck's
second law  for electrically induced irreversibilities. The
irreversibility goes the other way round according to the Gibbs
formalism contrary to Planck's 2nd law.

c) Permanent Magnet Motors
In Landau/Lifshitz (1) there exists a proof which shows that if
we introduce a para- or ferromagnetic body into a fixed magnetic
field (j=constant) the following relation holds:

                    df' = - M dH

Because df' approaches a maximum we interprete this equation that
a self accelerating perpetual motion is possible in a magnetic
field as an irreversibility.
Therefore, in order to find an example we first rule out the
conditions under which a perpetuum mobile is impossible. This is
always the case if the magnetic field can be described as a
potential field. According Jackson(3) a magnetic field of a
closed loop or the field of a hard permanent ferromagnet can
formally be decribed by a potential. This means that rot B
vanishes. This has as a consequence that a perpetuum mobile
acceleration of a magnetic charge is impossible.Therefore, the question  
arises whether there exists the
possibility to break this zero rot B - field. The question can be
answered positively.  Using by Mu metal shieldings a non zero rot
B field can be generated from a potential field by shielding off
the unwanted parts of the field . We illustrate this idea by the
following axial motor construction proposal which is derived by
us from the linear Harris TMI set up (4), comp. fig.3)+b), which
works and which has been confirmed and discussed by different
persons(4,5). We do not claim that our proposal is a perpetuum
mobile.

We use a cylindrical tube of Mu metal as housing for the motor.
In the housing tube we have a tube of lower diameter made from
conducting material having the same axis as the housing tube. A
current flows in the inner tube along the length equally
distributed across the thicknell of the wall.The common axis of both these  
cylinders consist of a wire
carrying a current flowing in the opposite direction relative to
the current tube. If we look at the configuration of the field we
have a circular non vanishing rot B field in one direction near
the wall and a circular B field in the opposite direction near
the central wire. Now we use the wire as an axis of a rotor which
carries at least two symmetrically balanced permanent magnets
rods whose north poles point radially and the south poles
axially. The north poles are standing under the influence of the
B field near the wall, the south pole feels the opposite field
near by the wire. So a permanent torque is exerted on the rotor
which begins to spin around the central wire as the axis. We see
that our motor works only with permanent fields and needs no
brushes.

Therefore, the question arises: Is it not possible to use
permanent magnets + Mu metal shields to replace the current wires
by permanent magnets generating circular non vanishing rot B
fields of opposite orientation to get the rotor spinning, comp.
fig.5a).

Similar constructions are already patented
and can be found in the literature (6), comp. fig. 5b).
Furthermore, we emphasize that until today there exist no
generally accepted magnetic force law between differential
current loops. Only for closed current loop the situation is
clear, because all the different differential form coincide in
one. Different forms have been proposed by Biot Savart (7),
Ampere (7) (includes actio and reactio and conservation of
angular momentum), Whittaker (8) (includes only action=reaction),
Aspden (7) (includes only conservation of angular momentum) , and
Marinov (9). Marinov claims that he would have proved
experimentally his form as the correct one. Therefore, there seems to be an  
interesting field where important
questions can be solved.

Bibliography:

1) Landau L.D., Lifshitz E.M.
   Electrodynamics of Continous Media
   Pergamon, Oxford, 1984

2) Wirtz D., Fuller G.G.  Phys.Rev.Lett.71, 2236, (1993)
   Debye P., Kleboth K. J.Chem.Phys.42, 3155, (1965)

3) Jackson,J.D.
   Classical Electrodynamics 2nd edition
   John Wiley, New York, 1975

4) Decker, J. BBS Keelynet PO-Box Mesquite Texas USA 75187
   Modem ..214 324 3501 Filename: TOMIBILD.ASC

   harti@shb.contrib.de    TMI device, free energy device ?
   24.2.95 in ALT.SCI.PHYSICS.NEW-THEORIES

5) anff@qvwp.demon.co.uk   TMI device, free energy device?
   26.2.95 in ALT.SCI.PHYSICS.NEW-THEORIES

   harti@shb.contrib.de    TMI + MRA updates, free energy
   25.2.95 in ALT.SCI.PHYSICS.NEW-THEORIES

   harti@shb.contrib.de    TOMI enhanced ! Free emergy device !
   31.3.95 in CL.ENERGY.ALTERNATIVEN

   prebys@puhep1.princeton.edu   TMI device, free energy device ?
   25.2.95 in SCI.ENERGY

6) Johnson, H.R. Permanent magnet motor  U.S.Patent No. 4.151.431
   Apr.24,1979

7) Aspden, Harold Physics without Einstein  Southampton 1969
   Aspden, Harold Modern Aether Physics     Southampton 1975

8) Whittaker, Edmund Sir
   A history of the theories of Aether and Electricity   Vol I    The  
classical theories
   Humanities Press  New York  1975

9) International Glasnost Journal of Fundamental Physics   Vol.3, No.11,     
Marinov, Stefan; p.18
_________________________________________________________________
Figures:

      ||                      ||                   ||
   |  ||  |                |======|             |  ||  |
   |======|                |      |             |======|
   |      |                |      |             |      |
   ---  ---                ---  ---             ---  ---
     |  |                    |  |                 |  |
     |  |---|                |--|-|               |--|-|
     |  |                    |  |                 |  |
   ---  ---                ---  ---             ---  ---
   |      |                |      |             |//////|
   |======|                |//////|             |======|
   |  ||  |                |======|             |  ||  |
      ||                      ||                   ||

      1                        2                    3


fig. 1a): Isothermal cycle of a simple fluid with irreversibility
1 starting a the dew line 1-2 expansion, condensation of liquid 2
separating volumes by closing the tap 2-3 recompression 3 opening
the tap, work has to be added to proceed the cycle



   P   ^     3 ._
   r   |       | |_
   e   |       |   |_
   s   |       |     |_ 3
   s   |     1 ._     |_
   u   |         |_     |<
   r   |           |__    |_
   e   |              |_>_  |__
       |                  |___.|
       |                        2
       |
       |
       |
       |
       |
       ----------------------------------------->
                                          Volume


fig. 1b): Isothermal cycle of a simple fluid with irreversibility
Pressure-volume diagram: 1 starting a the dew line 1-2 expansion,
condensation of liquid 2 separating volumes by closing the tap
2-3 recompression 3 opening the tap, work has to be added to
proceed the cycle



       ^
   P   |
   o   |
   l   |
   a   |
   r   |                          2
   i   |                   -------.
   s   |                __|   ____|
   a   |        1   _>_|  _<_|
   t   |        .__|   __|
   i   |        |   __|
   o   |        .__|
   n   |        3
       |
       |
       |
       ----------------------------------------->
                                   electric field




fig.2: isothermal cycle with electrically induced irreversibility
1 starting at the phase separation line with low field
1-2 applying a field 2 closing the tap 2-3 dicharging of the high
field 3 opening of the tap and returning to starting point 1A negative  
hysteresis is predicted according the Gibbs formalism.



                    _ _ _ _ _
       Top view  S |_|_|_|_|_| N   <--------moveable ROLLER magnet

 direction     S  |<--track-->|  N
 of ROLLER  ____________|____________
     |      |  ___|     |      |___  |
     |      | |___|  (start)   |___| |
     |      | |___|            |___| |        RUNNERS
     |      | |___|  incline   |___| <--------roll of magnets,positioned at
     |      | |___|            |___| |        the same angle as the slope of
     |      | |___|            |___| |        the incline
    \|/     | |___|            |___| |
            | |___|____________|___| |
            |  N  |            | S   |
            |     |   decline  |     |<-------no magnets here, but not as much
            |  S  |            | N   |        space between the rolls as shown
            |  ___|____________|___  |
            | |___|            |___| |
            | |___|            |___| |
            | |___|  incline   |___| |
            | |___|            |___| |
            | |___|            |___| |
            | |___|            |___| |
            | |___|____________|___| |
            |     |            |     |
            |  N  |   decline  | S   |
            |     |            |     |
            |     |____________|     |
            |        (finish)        |<-------ROLLER winds up here
            |________________________|




fig.3a) the TMI device, top view
the two magnets along the incline are stationary, the magnet in
the middle begins to roll standing under the influence of the
stationary magnets. It is drawn over the fulcrum. There it rolls
down under the influence of gravitation until it reaches the
bottom of the second hill.



Side view ! (enhanced version !)
===========


     ROLLER starts here
         \|/
          |     ----------------> direction of moveable magnetic ROLLER
          |     /\              /\
          |   /    \          /    \
          | /        \      /        \
          /            \  /            \
        /-------------- /  -------------- <--------Magnetic ROLLER ends up
      /               /                            here



fig.3b) the TMI device, side view comp. textthe two magnets along the incline  
are stationary, the magnet in
the middle begins to roll standing under the influence of the
stationary magnets. It is drawn over the fulcrum. There it rolls
down under the influence of gravitation until it reaches the
bottom of the second hill.

                    ___________________________
                  /                             \
                /                                 \
 Mu metal     /                                     \
 housing    /                                         \
          /                                             \
        /                                                 \
      /                   _______________                   \
    /                   /    ------->     \                   \
   |       current    /      B-fields       \                  |
   |          tube  /           |             \                |
   |              /             |               \              |
   |             |    /---------|----------\     |             |
   |             |  / _______  <--  ________ \   |             |
   |             |  ||S     N| /-\ |N      S||   |             |
   |             |  ||_______| \-/ |________||   |             |
   |             |  \       axis wire        /   |             |
   |             |    \--------------------/     |             |
   |              \           rotor              /             |
   |               \    \                      /               |
   |                \     \---->             /                 |
    \                 \ ___________________/                  /
      \                                                     /
        \                                                 /
          \                                             /
            \                                         /
              \                                     /
                \                                 /
                  \_____________________________/


fig.4 magnetic motor with no brushes; top view
the magnet charges on the rotor are spinning around the axis wire
in the stationary double circular and opposite rot B fields of
the wire and the current tube.

fig.5a) our magnetic motor proposal using only permanent magnetsthe central  
wire is replaced by an inner ring consisting of
permanent magnets and Mu metal shields generating an non
vanishing B-field; the current tube is replaced by an outer ring
of permanent magnets and Mu metal shields. the rotor is the same
as in fig. 4. The field configuration seen by the rotor is in
effect the same as in fig.4., only both the opposite non
vanishing rot B fields of the stator are generated by permanent
magnets. Unwanted parts of the field are shielded by Mu metal. It
is clear that the configuration can be multiplied to enforce the
power by taking more circles. Magnets similar as used by Johnson
are recommended for the stator fields, comp fig.5b). Using
electromagnets instead of permanent magnets would enhance power.

fig.5b) the Johnson motor, US Patent Nr. 4,151,431
permanent magnets as stator, rotor with non vanishing
rot B -field , see original patent


_________________________________________________________________
disclaimer regarding employer
Anti-Copyright  -  can be copied by everybody for nothing


Berlin, Germany, on the 4th of April 1995.
Best regards, Stefan Hartmann.

--
Hartmann Multimedia Service
Dipl. Ing. Stefan Hartmann
Keplerstr. 11 B, 10589 Berlin, Germany
Tel: ++ 49 30 344 23 66   FAX: ++ 49 30 344 92 79
email: harti@contrib.de     harti@b-2.de.contrib.net
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