🚀 go-pugleaf

The following is posted here to put it more thoroughly into
into the public domain. This is work done on 10/2/96, and 
has been already shared non cofidentially.

Nitrate removal with the FLow Through Capacitor.

Nitrate removal is an excellent application of 
Flow Through Capacitors (FTC's).  FTC's are described
in US patents 5,620,597 ; 5,415,768; 5,384,685; 5,360,540;
5,200,068; 5,196,115; 5,192,432;etc. to Marc Andelman,
and 5,538,611 to Toshiro Otowa, assigned to Marc Andelman 


Ammonium Nitrate   10/2/96
                                                        
capacitor, ten inch long, 2.5 inch diameter spiral wound activated 
carbon cloth
amount of carbon 100 grams

Feed.           1.925 milliSiemen Ammonium Nitrate in 75 microSiemen 
	              Worcester Tap Water
pH              6.54
Flow rate       130 ml/minute voltage, brought up to 2 volts over three 
minute period.
Amperage settled out at around 8 amps.


Time
in	milli-
minutes Siemens Volts   ml/min  pH
0       1.926   0       130     6.54
1       1.562   .5      130
2       .382    1       130
3       .168    2       130
4       .148    2       130
5       .157    2       130
6       .185    2       130
7       .338    2       130     8
8       .458    2       130
9-15            short   0
16      6.8     short   84      6.9
17      7.34    short   84
18      6.1     short   84      6.77
19      4.65    short   84
20      3.71    short   84



Results,  FTC removed nitrate from an initial level of 1.925 
milliSiemens,
to a low of .148 at the four minute point .  This represents over 90%
removal.The activated cloth electrodes used here are an older design. 
Capcitors made from the newer electrodes manufactured from thermally 
activated 
powdered carbon, formed into sheet electrodes, have about three times as 
much volumtric surface area, and will certainly give even better 
results.


1 Parkton Ave., Worcester, MA 01605 * Tel:(508) 853-8803 * Fax:(508) 
853-8772
*E-mail *drgonfly@biosource.ultranet.com*