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Article #1Oscillatory integrals and functional integration
From: John C. Baez
Date: Mon, 26 Oct 1992 23:21
Date: Mon, 26 Oct 1992 23:21
51 lines
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3519 bytes
It's pretty well-known that while the Gaussian "measure" with unit variance on an infinite-dimensional real Hilbert space isn't really a measure, it is a positive linear functional on the algebra of "exponential" functions, that is, finite linear combinations of functions f(x) = exp(i<v,x>). This is good enough to do the field theory of free quantum fields - and that's how Segal, Zhou and I do it in our book. The basic idea is that the algebra of exponential functions is a *-algebra and has a natural C*-algebra completion, and the integral with respect to the Gaussian "measure" extends to a positive linear functional on this C*-algebra. By general nonsense, the C*-algebra is isomorphic the continuous functions on *some* space or other and the positive linear functional corresponds to a measure on that space. Of course, there are millions of ways to skin a cat, but this is the one I want to consider. Suppose we replace the inner product by a quadratic form that's not positive definite. I.e., I have a real vector space equipped with a quadratic form and I want to study the "measure" exp(Q(x,x)) dx. This is rather nasty but we may still *formally* compute the integral of any exponential function (defined as above) using analytic continuation, and get a finite answer. Question 1: does the resulting linear functional on the algebra of exponential functions extend to a positive (hence continuous) linear functional on any C*-algebra completion of this algebra? I don't think so, since I don't think it's really positive, despite the formally positive appearance of exp(Q(x,x)) dx. Of course, if instead of Q(x,x) we work with iQ(x,x) things are a bit more bounded looking and we are in a situation quite familiar in physics (Feynman integrals). There appears to exist an infinite amount of literature on this, but I have a very specific question, namely: Question 2: does the linear functional on the algebra of exponential functions defined by (formal) integration against exp(Q(x,x)) dx define a continuous linear functional on any C*-algebra completion of this algebra? I don't think so. If not, I really believe the claim that making these oscillatory "measures" rigorous is a thankless task -- which is why people always analytically continue to the Euclidean situation in QFT. Note: I am posting to both sci.physics and sci.math.research. Please only post general divagations on field theory, references to vageuly related physics literature, etc. to sci.physics, saving sci.math.research for actual ANSWERS to my questions. I think I can answer my questions (which are really just calculus exercises in disguise), but if they have been answered already I would like references to spare me from reinventing the wheel and (worse) claiming it was my idea.
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Path: arc1-ca.pugleaf.net!sparky!uunet!ogicse!uwm.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!news.cso.uiuc.edu!usenet From: jbaez@bourbaki.mit.edu (John C. Baez) Newsgroups: sci.math.research Subject: Oscillatory integrals and functional integration Message-ID: <1992Oct26.232131.2269@galois.mit.edu> Date: 26 Oct 92 23:21:31 GMT Article-I.D.: galois.1992Oct26.232131.2269 Sender: Daniel Grayson <dan@math.uiuc.edu> Organization: MIT Department of Mathematics, Cambridge, MA Lines: 51 Approved: Daniel Grayson <dan@math.uiuc.edu> Nntp-Posting-Host: riesz X-Submissions-To: sci-math-research@uiuc.edu Old-Return-Path: <bourbaki.mit.edu!news> X-Administrivia-To: sci-math-research-request@uiuc.edu