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The Accelerating Universe and Decreasing Cosmic
Gravity.

 By Louis Nielsen, Denmark     http://www.rostra.dk/louis

The discovery of the accelerating Universe could be an indication of a
cosmic decreasing gravity.
Observations of supernovae, belonging to distant galaxies, show that
they are situated at distances that are greater than what would be
expected according to current cosmological models.
This must mean that the galaxies in question have moved faster than
expected. The analysis of the observations shows that the rate of
expansion of the Universe appears to vary with position. More distant
objects are receding from us faster than nearby ones. That is, the
expansion of the Universe was faster at earlier times than it is right
now.

To save the traditional cosmological models the scientists now try to
introduce different solutions, supported by new and old effects, such
as 'dark energy', 'dark-matter' and the re-introduction of the
'cosmological constant' in Einstein's general field equations, etc.

Decrease of the Cosmic Gravity.
But maybe the accelerated expansion of the Universe is an indication
of a cosmic decrease of Newton's gravitational 'constant'.
In my considerations about "Quantum Cosmology with Decreasing Gravity"
I assume that Newton's
gravitational 'constant' G is a decreasing quantity. (Read more in my
treatise).

The decrease of G with cosmic time is (in the continuous
approximation) given by the equation:

(1)   (1/G)*(dG/dT) = - (1/3)*(1/T)   (dG/dT is the time derivative)

In equation (1) T is the actual age of the Universe. We note that G
does not decrease linearly with the age of the Universe. The relative
decrease of G had been faster when the Universe was younger. When the
Universe came into being, during the first cosmic quantum time
intervals, G decreased extremely fast, corresponding to what in the
standard cosmological theory is called an 'inflation phase'. In our
epoch G decreases very slowly, so slow that it has not hitherto been
possible to measure directly.
If we could measure the relative decrease of G with very high
precision then the age of the Universe can be calculated from equation
(1).
Due to a decrease of the cosmic gravitational forces, the distance
between two gravitating mass systems - for example two galaxies will
increase as the Universe ages.

As the relative decrease of Newton's gravitational 'constant' is not a
linearly function of time, this is also not the case for the increase
in distance between two gravitational attracting systems.

We can assume that the variable Hubble parameter H has connection to
the decreasing gravitational 'constant' G according to the relation:

(2)   H = - (1/G)*(dG/dT) = (1/3)* (1/T)

The radial velocity v of an object is then given by the modified
Hubble-relation:

(3)   v = H*D = - (dG/dT)*(1/G)*D = (1/(3*T))*D

In equation (3) D is the distance to the object. According to equation
(3) v depends on both the distance D to the object and the actual age
T of the Universe when the light was emitted.
>From equation (3) we see that when T was smaller then v was higher.
Therefore objects in the younger Universe had moved a greater distance
than calculated from the ordinary Hubble-relation.

As our knowledge of the physical objects in the Universe is mainly
obtained by analysis of the light emitted by the objects, it is also
necessary to take into account the gravitational conditions when the
light was emitted. For instance the gravitational shift of wavelength
depends on the strength of the gravitational field in the position
from which the light is emitted.
Also other physical effects depend on the actual value of G.

Best regards
Louis Nielsen
Denmark